OCTOBER 2020, ISSUE 88

WELCOME

As we head into the �nal month of autumn, we've seen somewhat of an upswing in activity aswe all adjust to the new virtual and remote event paradigms. We would like to thank everyonewho joined us for analytica virtual 2020 and those who made our own event presented byRigaku Analytical Devices—Transforming work�ows with handheld Raman—success.

Also, a special thank you to those who joined us for our Virtual XRF School. Our next sessionwill be held Jan. 26–28, 2021. You can view more details and register here.

November also promises to be a productive month. On Nov. 9–10, the Product QualityResearch Institute (PQRI) will host the live virtual 4th PQRI Workshop on ICH Q3D ElementalImpurities Requirements. As the implementation of the ICH Q3D guideline went into full effectin the United States and Europe in 2018 for all pharmaceutical products, this workshop willprovide an overview of—and update on—implementation experiences since the 2017 PQRIWorkshop and review ongoing work in the industry to resolve challenges involved in the globalimplementation of Elemental Impurities (EI) guidelines and standards.  Our XRF applications scientists, Glenn Williams, Ph.D. and Thanh Nguyen, Ph.D will bepresenting XRF data for the PQI Phase 2 Elemental Impurity Collaborative Study from 11:45AM–12:15 PM on Nov. 10. You can register here.

In the meantime, we present the latest news and applications in X-ray material science.

Enjoy!

UPCOMING RIGAKU EVENTS

MS&T 2020  November 2–6, 2020

 Virtual Event

JASIS 2020 November 11–13, 2020

 Tokyo, Japan

IPMI 44th AnnualConference

November 16–17, 2020Virtual Event

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UPCOMING RIGAKU WEBINARS

TOPIQ | Rigaku EDXRF Analyzers in the Petroleum IndustryNovember 10, 9 AM and 8 PM | CDTIn this webinar, we highlight Rigaku EDXRF analyzers used upstream, midstream anddownstream in the petroleum industry for the measurement of sulfur, chlorine and metals incrude and fuel oils, including automotive, aviation and marine fuels. Lubricating oils are alsodiscussed, followed by a summary of the ASTM and other international standard testmethods covered by the Rigaku EDXRF product line.Read More >

X-ray Computed Tomography for Materials & Life Sciences 8: MetrologyApplicationsDecember 16, 1 PM | CDTBasics of metrology analysis and a number of X-ray CT application examples will bediscussed. Examples include size and shape measurements of metal and plastic parts,tolerancing evaluation, comparison of nominal (CAD) and actual (CT) or a golden standardand a test subject. We will also introduce available resources to learn more about X-ray CTmetrology.Read More >

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FEATURED JOURNALS & REPORTS

Defect structure analysis in single crystalsubstrates using XRTmicronBy Katsuhiko Inaba, Rigaku Corporation

For more than 50 years, X-ray topography (XRT) has been anindispensable industrial and research tool for crystal growthof functional materials, since crystalline defects, such asdislocations, stacking faults, etc., can be detected with thistechnique non-destructively. Industrial demand for almostdislocation-free Si has greatly contributed to this technique,providing important insights for the improvement of crystalquality.Read More >

FEATURED PRODUCTS

XRTmicron

Rigaku XRTmicron is a fast, high-resolutionlaboratory X-ray topography system for non-destructive dislocation imaging. Varioustypes of dislocations and non-uniformitywithin single crystal wafers (such as Si, SiC,GaN, Ge, GaAs, quartz, sapphire, rutile,calcium �uoride etc.) can be imaged acrosswafers up to 300 mm in diameter. X-raytopography is a widely used dislocationanalysis technique for both research anddevelopment and process control by varioussingle crystal, wafer and devicemanufacturers.Read More >

NANOPIX mini

Rigaku NANOPIX mini is the world's �rstbenchtop small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS) system that is engineered to deliverautomatic nanoparticle size distributionanalysis for both quality control and researchand development applications. Nanoparticlesize, size distribution, and particle shape arethe key pieces of information obtained fromSAXS.Read More >

FEATURED APPLICATION NOTES

Lead Analysis in GasolineRigaku Corporation

Lead (Pb), in the form of alkyl lead such as tetraethyl lead,used to be added to gasoline as an antiknock additive toincrease the octane rating. However, alkyl lead is highlypoisonous. Gasoline with alkyl lead, called leaded gasoline,causes air pollution. Nowadays, most countries, except inAfrica, ban leaded gasoline for vehicles. Alkyl lead is still usedas an additive in aviation gasoline.Read More >

Organic Chlorides in CrudeApplied Rigaku Technologies

Chlorides in crude contribute to corrosion in the piping atre�neries during cracking as well as mid-stream in pipelines.Organic chlorides do not naturally occur in crude; however,inorganic chlorides in the form of salts as well as residualorganic chlorides from various natural sources as well asadulteration can contaminate crude. Contracts at thepipelines may contain clauses limiting the amount of organicchloride allowed in the crude.Read More >

Polymorph Monitoring with the Rigaku Progeny1064 nm Handheld Raman AnalyzerRigaku Analytical Devices

Polymorphs are chemicals with the same atomic componentsbut the physical arrangement of the molecules differ. Thedifferences in their structures cause polymorphs to behavedifferently—and within the pharmaceutical industry—thismeans bioavailability changes. It is important to differentiatepolymorph types in any pharmaceutical formulation becausea change in the polymorph will affect physical properties fromparticle size to solubility and have distinct impact onbioavailability of the drug.Read More >

FEATURED VIDEO & USEFUL LINK OF THEMONTH

Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Analysis

Learn about the work and facilities in X-raydiffraction at the Centre for Nano Productionand Micro Analysis at the DanishTechnological Institute.

Polymer Properties Database

This web-based library gives a briefoverview of the most common resins,plastics and elastomers, their properties,uses, and manufacture. It also providesinformation about products made ofplastics like �bers, textiles, �lms, seals andproducts that are formulated with resinslike adhesives, sealants, and coatings.

MATERIALS ANALYSIS IN THE NEWS

September 22, 2020: Electrochemical reactions, which will play an important role in the futureof energy supply, can now be explained in detail, thanks to measurements carried out by TUWien and DESY. A special material made of lanthanum, strontium, iron and oxygen can beswitched back and forth between two different states: In one state the material is catalyticallyextremely active, in the other less so.

September 22, 2020: PSI scientists have gained a fundamental understanding of a highlypromising material that could be suited to future data storage applications. Their experimentswith strontium-iridium oxide, Sr2IrO4, investigated both the magnetic and electronic properties

of the material as a thin �lm. The study was enabled by sophisticated X-ray scattering, atechnology where PSI researchers are amongst the world experts. The results are published inthe journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

September 22, 2020: The term "quantum materials" was introduced to highlight the exoticproperties of unconventional superconductors, heavy-fermion systems and multifunctionaloxides, but the de�nition has broadened in recent times. With this in mind, "The 2020 QuantumMaterials Roadmap" review has been published in Journal of Physics: Materials.

October 1, 2020: Technion researchers have developed accurate radiation sources that areexpected to lead to breakthroughs in a variety of �elds, including the analysis of chemicalsand biological materials, medical imaging, X-ray equipment for security screening, and otheruses of accurate X-ray sources.

October 1, 2020: A Hokkaido University research group has successfully demonstrated thatcarbon-carbon (C-C) covalent bonds expand and contract �exibly in response to light andheat. The team found bond �exibility by designing and synthesizing an organic compoundthat self-assembles into a cage-like structure when exposed to light. They then focused on thebond length between two particular carbon atoms at the molecule's core using X-ray analysisand Raman spectroscopy, and found this cyclization process had contracted this bond.

October 1, 2020: Materials scientists at Imperial College have contributed to two Henry RoyceInstitute-led roadmaps detailing how to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050.

October 14, 2020: Researchers from POSTECH demonstrate a novel physical phenomenon bycontrolling variations of the atomic structure. They have revealed the mechanism behindmaking materials used in new memory devices by using arti�cial intelligence.

October 15, 2020: Magnesium silicide (Mg2Si) is a thermoelectric material that can convert

heat into electricity. Though it is known that adding antimony impurities enhances theperformance of Mg2Si, the mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. Now, scientists

from Japan shed light on the effects of these impurities at the atomic level, taking us closer toarriving at a practical way of e�ciently harvesting waste heat from cars and thermal powerplants to produce clean energy.

October 16, 2020: A research group led by Prof. Zhang Yongsheng from the Institute of SolidState Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science successfully explained the novel physicalmechanisms behind pyrite-type ZnSe2.

October 13, 2020: Researchers at Penn State and the University of Cincinnati received a$500,000 National Science Foundation (NSF) grant to advance quality control methods forparts produced through additive manufacturing, or 3D printing. The grant will support threeyears of experimental research and model development.

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