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MARTIN LUTHER
THEPROTESTANT
REFORMATION
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Who was Martin Luther?• Born in Germany in
1483.
• After surviving a violent storm, he vowed to become a monk.
• Lived in the city of Wittenberg.
• Died in 1546.
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Definitions
ProtestTo express strong
objection
ReformTo improve by correcting errors
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Problems in the Church
•Corruption
•Political Conflicts
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Corruption
• The Church raised money through practices like simony and selling indulgences.
• Indulgences were bought as a way for diminishing sin.
In 1517 John Tetzel rode through Germany selling indulgences.
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Advantages of Buying Indulgences
Go Directly to Heaven!
•Do not go to Hell!•Do not go to Purgatory!•Get through Purgatory faster!•Do not pass Go!
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Political Conflict
KINGS POPES
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Luther Looks for Reforms• Luther criticized
Church practices, like selling indulgences.
• He wanted to begin a discussion within the Church about the true path to salvation.
• He nailed his Ninety-Five Theses, or arguments, to the door of Wittenberg cathedral for all to see.
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Excommunication
• Pope Leo X demanded that Luther recant 41 of his Ninety-Five Theses.
• Luther was brought before the Diet of Worms to debate and prove his point.
• In January 1521, Luther was excommunicated from the Church.
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The Printing Press• Luther’s ideas spread
quickly with the help of the printing press.
• Luther’s supporters distributed pamphlets of his speeches and essays far and wide.
• Millions of people sided with Luther against the Roman Catholic Church.
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A New Church• Luther soon had many
followers.• His supporters began to
organize a new Christian denomination.
• Several German princes supported Luther.
• Lutherans and Catholics fought each other.
• The first wars ended with the Treaty of Augsburg, but fighting in Europe over religion continued to the mid-seventeenth century.
Luther set fire to the pope’s order expelling him from the Church.
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• The Holy Roman Empire during this time split into the Protestant North and the Catholic South.
• This developed a long-lasting religious hatred between the two branches.
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Lutheranism
• Luther’s followers disagreed with many of the teachings of the Catholic Church.
• They rejected the authority of Church councils and the pope.
• Reading the Bible was the only way to learn how to lead a good life.
• Believed people should choose their own priests.
Luther translated the Bible into German.
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Lutheranism (cont.)
• Other protestants with different interpretations split apart into different protestant branches•Ex- Anabaptists
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The Reformation spreads to other countries.
• France:John Calvin preached the idea of “predestination” and that some people had been chosen by God for salvation.
• England:King Henry VIII refused to recognize the Roman Catholic Church and started a new church, the Church of England.