Download - March 17 RFID Presentation
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TAG You're IT! - Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) in Action Stuart Pothan – Industry Leader Supply Chain
Andrew Ly – Application Server Architect
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Contents
What is it?
Trends
Inside Tags and Readers
RFID Architectures and Infrastructure
Barcode vs. RFID
RFID Standards
Applications and Challenges
The Future
Demo
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What is it?
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a wireless automatic data capture (ADC) technology that comprises small data-carrying transponders ('tags'), and fixed or mobile scanners ('readers'). Tags are attached to or embedded in objects to be identified.
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Trends
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How it works
RFID tag: Integrated Circuit + antenna. The data is stored on
the IC (~2Kb). $0.50
Information is sent to and read from RFID tags over RF
signals.
An RFID reader captures the data and passes it on to
computers through cable or wireless network (Wi-Fi or
Bluetooth)
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Tag Properties• Invisible: As small as 0.4mm x 0.4mm, and thin enough to
be embedded into paper• Can be read without line of sight of the item• Passive (no battery) or Active (has battery)• Tag memory properties:
• Read-only• Write Once Read Many times (WORM)• Read and write• 64 – 256 bits of data
• Frequency - Maximum Read Range• Low Frequency-10 inches (254 mm)• High frequency-3 feet (1 meter)• Ultra-high frequency (UHF) -(* required by Wal-Mart) up to 30
feet (<10 meters)
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Inside the Tag
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EPC Global RFID Tag Classes
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Generation 2 Tags
The next generation of EPC protocol is better for three
primary reasons:
It creates an interoperable, global standard, There are additional features making it technically more
advanced, It uses more advanced anti-collision protocols for faster,
more accurate performance.
The Class1 Generation 2.0 protocol will be backward
compatible for Generation 1.0 Class 1 and Class 0
Generation 2.0 protocol will also operate with the
emerging ISO18000-6 standard protocol
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• Retrieve data from tags• Stationary or portable
• 10 to 800 tags per second• Price: $2000 - $3000 (dropping to $100)
10BaseT EthernetBluetooth
IEEE 802.11 (WiFi)
RS-232
Readers Properties
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Frequency and Uses
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Frequency and Uses
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RFID Architecture and Infrastructure
RFID Tags and SensorsRFID Tags and Sensors
RFID ReaderRFID Reader
Edge Server and MiddlewareEdge Server and Middleware
Network Storage
Messaging Queues EAI
LAN Routing XML Messages
ERP/WMS/MRP
Partners and VendorsPartners and Vendors
Secured Network Services
Inte
rnet
Cor
pora
teN
etw
ork
Sensors/RFIDInfrastructure
MessagingInfrastructure
Applications/Data Staging
Partner Applications
and Web Services
EPC RepositoryEPC RepositoryONSONS
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RFID Architecture
Object Name Service (ONS)• Provides a global, distributed lookup service to translate an EPC into one
URL where further information on the object (XML - metadata) may be found
• Dynamic ONS services record a sequence of custodians as an object moves through a supply chain
• Uses same technology of DNS• Integration and security are key
The Vertical-Based Extendable Mark-Up Language (XML) • XML vocabularies to represent and distribute information related to objects• Specific functionality data representation for specific industries
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RFID Middleware (Edge Server)• ALE - Application Level Events standard• Middleware software designed to process the streams of tag or sensor data • Accommodates different reader vendors• Standardizes interfaces between readers, ONS, XML, and Enterprise
Applications• Uses XML-RPC and SOAP over HTTP• Filtering, aggregation, reduction of the volume of data prior to sending to
Enterprise Application• Scalability is important, since readers may process hundreds of tags per
second
RFID Middleware
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Infrastructure to Support Deployment Network, Network, Network
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Infrastructure to Support Deployment Network, Network, Network
Target site’s network architecture needs to be re-engineered to support RFID traffic
The RFID network needs to be managed properly Routing data Standards Provisioning
Depends on application but things to consider: Wireless readers? How much to read? Multiple sites across firewalls? What about security?
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RFID vs. Barcode Comparison RFID Barcodes
Readability 97%-99% 80%-85%
Line of Sight Not Required Required
Fail-Rate Low (when properly designed)
High
Environmental Tolerance (dust, dirt)
High Low
Orientation of Labels Not Required Required
Cost Per Item More (decreasing) Less
Scalability for integration
Good Limited
Scalability for security requirements
High Low
GTIN Compliant Yes (EPC enabled tag) Yes (EAN/UCC)
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Standards
• Electronic Product Code (EPC) NetworkGlobal (Industry-driven ) standard for immediate, automatic, and accurate identification of any item in the supply chain of any company, in any industry, anywhere in the world.
• EPCglobal NetworkUses RFID technology to enable visibility of information about items in the supply chain. The network is comprised of five fundamental elements.
• Electronic Product Code (EPC)• ID System (EPC Tags and Readers)• RFID Middleware• Object Name Service (ONS)• Vertical-Based XML
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EPC Data Standards
Electronic Product Code (EPC)Uniquely identifies item in supply chain
• 96 bit EPC
• 268 million companies
• Each with 16 million distinct object classes
• Each class with 68 billion serial numbers
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EPC Tag Data Standards EPC Encodings
EPC Tag Encoding Standards General Identifier (GID) Serialized Global Trade Item Number (SGTIN) Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) Serialized Global Location Number (SGLN) Global Returnable Asset Identifier (GRAI) Global Individual Asset Identifier (GIAI)
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SGTIN (Serialized Global Trade Item Number)
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GTIN/RFID Relationship
IndicatorDigit
CheckDigit
Serial Number
Item Reference Serial Number
Company PrefixIndicator
DigitItem
Reference
Company PrefixSGTIN Bit-Level Encoding
GTIN plus Serial NumberIdentity Structure
How the parts of the decimal SGTIN are extracted, rearranged and augmented for encoding
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Sample of RFID Ecosystem
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Applications
Healthcare prescription bottles speak the drug contents to the patient hospitals track equipment, laboratory samples, organs for
transplant, and blood bags (inventory and expiration)
Asset Management, Protection, and Security Tag assets for inventory control as they leave premises RFID tags with other environmental sensors gauge
longevity of bridges and roads for repairs Security level of information access changes as notebook
computer is in different security zone
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Applications Retail
RFID readers in shelves and racks to trigger automatic replenishment programs.
“intelligent closets” within dressing rooms display detail of items on a touch screen monitor (add targeting and user profiling to that)
Homeland Security at Airports Identifying baggage and passengers in the airport Link boarding pass to checked-in baggage to positively
identify individuals Ottawa Airport situation last Fall could have re-opened the
airport less than 4 hours had they been able to positively identify the person quicker
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It’s a Canadian Thing Too, eh!
“Reusable supply chain assets often seem to sprout
legs and walk off on their own. Learn how Air
Canada used an innovative RFID system from
Scanpak to slash unexplained losses and improve
food cart utilization globally.”
RFID Magazine
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Challenges Interference
Liquid, Metal, Magnetic interference, RF Interference Still an equal part of art and science for tuning
Read rates are not perfect Around 97-98 percent
Costs Tags are still not cheap Full ROI not easily realized unless RFID data is tied
to operation systems Privacy concerns may derail some implementations Security concerns with some tags being hacked Lack of Skilled Resources
Technology still not widely used to have many experts
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Challenges Managing the RFID Network
Readers Middleware Printers Routers
Business Processes Re-engineering to support new RFID processes
Data integration with existing enterprise applications to fully exploit ROI
Data integration with all partners in the business ecosystem
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The Future – A Network of Sensors
BackendApplications
Filterin
g &
De
vice In
tegratio
nF
iltering
& D
evic
e Integ
ration
Naming / XMLNaming / XMLServicesServices D
istribu
tion
Distrib
utio
nOperationalOperational
DataData
Stream DataStream DataMinimized & NormalizedMinimized & Normalized
RFID
Environmental
Sensors (Temperature,
Humidity, Light, etc,…)
Motion/Video/Image
Sensors
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Questions?
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Contact Information
Andrew Ly, I.S.P. (Information Systems Professional)
Application Server ArchitectAllstream IT Services1300 - 360 Albert St.Ottawa, ON K1R 7X7Tel: 613-232-2760 X479Fax: 613-232-3208Mobile: 613-220-3225Email: [email protected]://www.allstream.com/
If you would like further information on today’s CIPS seminar, please feel free to contact:
Stuart Pothan Industry Leader, Supply ChainAllstream IT Services8th Floor, 200 Wellington St. WestToronto, ON M5V 3G2Tel: 416-644-6766Fax: 416-363-0962Mobile: 416-268-3310Email: [email protected]://www.allstream.com/
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Annex A: Further RFID Details
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Fixed Reader Uses
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Mobile Readers Uses
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Frequency in Regions
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Other Applications
Transit Systems – Cashless transit fares Airlines – Baggage, asset management Logistics – Ships, trucks, trains Parcels – Fedex, UPS, DHL (2004) Retail (Consumer Goods) – Walmart, Metro Defence – US DoD suppliers, DND to follow? Healthcare – Pharmaceuticals, patient tracking Agriculture – Live stock tracking, perishables Lifestyle – Amusement Parks, Speedpass(Esso) Security – Personnel, Assets