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Management of Lawn and Tree Insect Pests
Diane AlstonUtah State University Extension
Utah Pest Control & Lawn Care AssociationJanuary 18, 2007
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Topics◘ Insect Diagnostics – recognizing common
insects & plant injury◘ Pest – Japanese beetle
◘ Turf and ornamental pest◘ Mealybug pest of shadetrees◘ Ips and Banded elm bark beetles◘ Lilac root weevil◘ European earwig◘ Utah Pests on-line information
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Insect Diagnosis
Insect is present Injury is present
What type of injury?
Friend or foe?Which life stage is present?
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Insect Feeding TypesChewing Piercing-Sucking
Borers
Gall Formers
Diagnosis
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Scouting for Pests◘ Look at the big picture
◘ Pattern of plant decline/injury◘ Pest injury tends to be aggregated◘ Can injury be associated with irrigation or other
pattern?
◘ Look at new growth◘ Check for root/crown problems◘ Hand lens for small insects
and mites◘ Scout every 1-2 weeks
Raspberryhorntailinjury to cane tips
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Recognizing Common InsectsBeetles
Hard wing coveringMost diverse group: > 250,000 spp.Chewing mouthparts
Larvae – grub-likeChewing mouthparts
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Beetle Injury
Leaves: holes, skeletonizing, notching
Roots/Crowns:tunnels, chew off fineroots
Trunks:tunnels,girdling
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Recognizing Common InsectsMoths
Colored scales on wingsAdults feed on nectarGood flyersMost are active at night
Larvae – caterpillarsChewing mouthparts
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Caterpillar Injury
Tunnels in limbs and trunks
Tunnels and holes in fruitsHoles chewed in leaves
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Recognizing Common InsectsHemiptera - True Bugs
Half wing: front is leathery, back is membranousInverted triangle on backPiercing sucking mouthparts
Nymphs – mini adultswithout wings
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True Bug Injury
Cat facing:Cells killed in youngfruit
Toxin injected:Plant stunting anddeath
Pitting and bumps:Cells killed in olderfruits
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Recognizing Common InsectsHomoptera: Aphid, Scale, Whitefly,
Mealybug, LeafhopperSmallSoft bodiedWax or coveringMany produce honeydewPiercing sucking mouthparts
Many feed in phloemNymphs
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Aphid, Scale, Whitefly, and Mealybug, Leafhopper Injury
Leaf curling
Honeydew
Limb dieback
Leaf spotsfrom deadcells
Leafhopper burn:Speckling
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Pest to Utah: Japanese BeetlePopillia japonicaScarab Beetle
Mating pair of adults
Adult feeding injuryto Virginia Creeper
Trap:Sex pheromone/Floral lure
First found inU.S. in 1916
Orem, Utah: July 2006>600 adults
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Japanese BeetlePrimarily a turf pest –Larvae or grubs feedon grass roots
Adults have a broadhost range –Skeletonize leaves –rose, fruit trees,shade trees, grape, etc.
Injury to rose Injury to crabapple
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Japanese Beetle Management◘ Eradication is extremely difficult◘ Don’t panic – it’s unlikely to have a large
impact◘ Keep plants healthy◘ Plant non-attractive plants (lilac, forsythia,
dogwood, magnolia, American holly)◘ If detected in turf, control larvae with
insecticides (imidacloprid, carbaryl, permethrin)
◘ Traps can provide some adult suppression (75% catch; but can attract them into an area)
◘ Contact local office of Utah Dept. of Agriculture and Food
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http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/factsheet/ENT-100-06PR-A.pdf
Japanese BeetleFact Sheet
on USU ExtensionWeb Site
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“ ” Mealybug to Utah
HoneylocustRedbud
Photos by JayDee Gunnell, USU Extension
Davis and Utah Counties
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Management of “New”Shadetree Mealybug
◘ Delayed dormant oil + insecticide◘Delay until bud break◘Suffocate over wintering stages
◘ Horticultural mineral oil◘ Imidacloprid (Merit)◘ Synthetic Pyrethroids (permethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin)
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Bark Beetles (Scolytidae)
SprucePineFirPrunusElm Attack old or stressed trees
& seemingly healthy trees
Drought related
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Ips Bark Beetles◘ Ips pilifrons – spruce◘ Ips pini – pine◘ Ips confusus – pinyon pine◘ Ips paraconfusus – pine, spruce
1/8-3/8” longSpines on rear
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◘ Adults colonize & reproduce in conductive (cambial) tissues
◘ Construct tunnels (galleries) to lay eggs & feed◘ 6-8 wk life cycle; up to 5 generations per year◘ Attack trees under stress◘ Attack smaller diameter limbs at tops of trees
first
Ips Facts
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Trees at Risk for Ips Attack◘ Stressed trees:
◘ Drought-stressed, trees in dry sites◘ Newly transplanted◘ Root injuries from construction or
other◘ Crowded trees
◘ Trees surrounded by breeding populations of Ips◘ Slash (piles of prunings)◘ Stacks of green or infested wood
◘ Freshly cut wood is a preferred breeding site
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Management of Ips in the Landscape
• Maintain tree vigor, avoid stress (proper watering, planting site, avoid injuries)• 2-4” water every 2-6 weeks• Avoid planting in very dry sites
• Remove & dispose of infested material• Dispose 2-3 miles away from hosts
• Remove and treat infested material• Chip and spread to dry• Burn• Remove all bark• Cover logs with >10 ml clear plastic & heat to lethal temperatures
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Management of Ips in the Landscape
◘ Apply preventive insecticide or apply to “lightly” infested trees:• Carbaryl (Sevin): flowable, 2% ai solution
• Permethrin (Astro, Dragnet)• Treat in spring before beetle flight (April) or treat in fall (late Sep to Oct)
• 12-18 months protection (carbaryl)• High-pressure sprayer (>250 psi) for large trees
• Apply to entire bole & larger limbs
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Banded Elm Bark Beetle
ElmPrunusWillowRussian Olive
Attacking American elm treesMay vector the Dutch Elm Disease fungus
Scolytus schevyrewi
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Lilac Root Weevil
Drought relatedObserved heavy injuryto shrubs & small trees
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Lilac Root WeevilOtiorhynchus meridionalis◘ Common hosts: lilac, peony,
dogwood, yew, privet, cotoneaster, arbovitae, spruce, others
◘ Adults chew irregular notches in leaf edges – target with foliar insecticide (Orthene, Merit, Sevin, Azadirachtin, Pyrethroids) – in late spring with first leaf notching
◘ Larvae feed on roots – target with soil insecticide (Merit), insect-attacking nematodes, Beauveria fungus – late spring or early fall
Adult & leaf notching
Needle notching on spruce
Larvae feeding on crown& roots
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European Earwig◘ Primarily feed on decaying organic matter
(saprophytic)◘ Feed on young, tender plants; chew holes in flower
petals, fruits; nuisance pest◘ Adults are also predators; nocturnal
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European Earwig◘ Cultural & mechanical controls: avoid overuse of mulch
and damp debris where they hide during the day; place and remove rolled newspaper; attractant traps: tuna can with bacon grease
◘ Chemicals: permethrin; target young in nests◘ Tanglefoot on base of trunks, stems
Tuna can trap withbacon grease
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http://utahpests.usu.eduUtah Pests Web Page
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Utah IPM Web Pagehttp://utahpests.usu.edu/ipm
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In MemoryAlan Hickman Roe
1954 – 2006
USU ExtensionInsect Diagnostician