BESM ALLAH

Linux Hosting Training Course

[Level 1-1]Ramy Allam

OUTLINE● Networking

● Hardware

● Operating System

● Client to Client

● Client / Server

Networking

Network Types● Local Area Network

● Limited Space

● Office – School - College

Network Types● Wide Area Network

● Wide Space

● Wide number of Lans

● Cities - Countries

Network Elements

Switch / Router

● Switch connects devices inside LAN● Router connects WAN

● Network Topology● MAC Address and Switch Relation● Routing Table

Find it !

Interested ?● Cisco Courses

What is the Internet ?● Interconnected WANs● Each Network has multiple devices● Devices exchange information together

Communication Protocol

● All communications between devices require that the devices agree on the format of the data. The set of rules defining a format is called a protocol.

IP Address● TCP/IP is the main communication protocol

between networks● Each device connects to the internet gets an IP

Address● IPv4● IPv6

IP Versions

● IPv4● Uses 32bits● 4 Decimal groups● 192.168.1.4● 4294967296 Address

(2^32)

● IPv6● Uses 128bits● 8 Hexadecimal groups● 2001:0db8:85a3:0042:

1000:8a2e:0370:7334● 3.4× 10^38 Address

(2^128)

Communication Port

● In computer networking, a port number is part of the addressing information used to identify the senders and receivers of messages.

192.168.1.4

8080I'm trying to connect 192.168.1.4

on Port 8080

192.168.1.3

Device2 Device1

UPLINK● Ethernet is used for connecting computers to a local area

network (LAN).

● Standard Ethernet transmits data up to 10 Mbps.

● Fast Ethernet supports data transfer up to 100 Mbps.

● Gigabit Ethernet transmits up to 1000 Mbps (1Gbps).

UPLINK● Bandwidth/Traffic – The amount of data being

transferred● BW usage is reset at the first of every month● Download VS Upload● Speed in Byte

Hardware

CPU “Central Processing Unit”

Executes Instructions from Software

● ALU - “Arithmetical Logical Unit”● CU - “Control Unit” It controls

communication and co-ordination between input/output devices. It reads and interprets instructions and determines the sequence for processing the data.

CPU “Central Processing Unit”

● Cache Memory “When the processor needs to read from or write to a location in main memory, it first checks whether a copy of that data is in the cache. If so, the processor immediately reads from or writes to the cache, which is much faster than reading from or writing to main memory.”

● Speed in GHz● Vendors ( Intel – AMD )

Single/Multi CPU Cores

Single Core`

Dual Core N Cores

ThreadThread is an ordered sequence of instructions – How the app works on cores ?

● Multithreading execute instructions in parallel

● Processor must support threading

● Software must be threaded

# Processors / # Cores● Single Processor Single Core Total ( 1x 1 = 1 ) Core

● Single Processor Dual Core

Total ( 1x 2 = 2 ) Cores

1Core 1Core

1 Core

● Single Processor Quad Core

Total ( 1x 4 = 4 ) Cores

1Core 1Core 1Core 1Core

# Processors / # Cores● Dual Processor Single Core Total ( 2x 1 = 2 ) Core

● Dual Processor Dual Core

Total ( 2x 2 = 4 ) Cores

1Core 1Core

1 Core

● Dual Processor Quad Core

Total ( 2x 4 = 8 ) Cores

1Core 1Core 1Core 1Core

1 Core

1Core 1Core

1Core 1Core 1Core 1Core

CPU Comparison● # Cores● # Thread● Clock Speed● Cache Memory

Models ComparisonIntel Dual core E2180 Intel Quad Core X3430 Intel Quad Core E5620

Intel Dual Core G6950 Intel Quad Core E3-1220

Which one is better ?● Let cpuboss.com take care of this

Ex. Intel-Xeon-E5620-vs-Intel-Xeon-E5-2620 http://cpuboss.com/cpus/Intel-Xeon-E5620-vs-Intel-Xeon-E5-2620

● Benchmark http://www.cpubenchmark.net/high_end_cpus.html

RAM● Stores Data temporarily until processor asks for

it.● Random Access Memory● Volatile● DDR2 8.9GB/s – 1.8V● DDR3 12.8GB/s – 1.5V

HDD● Hard disk is permanently storage● Speed in rpm● SATA - Big Storage● SAS – Performance● SSD – High Performance and DB servers

Operating System

Operating System● The software that manages computer hardware

resources.● The interface between Hardware and

Application.● GNU/Linux – Distributions ( RHEL , CentOS,

Debian, Ubuntu )

GNU/Linux● Free● OpenSource● Compatible with most programming languages

and server-side scripting● Community● Market Share

Client to Client

Device1Ahmed : Alsalam AlaykomAhmed : What's this ?

Device2Mohamed : W Alaykom AlsalamMohamed : Linux Hosting Course

Client / Servers

- DataBase Server - File Server- Web Server- Mail Server- Communications Server- Game Server- DNS Server