© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Efficient Residential Lighting
Clients Love!!!
James R Benya, PE, FIES, FIALD BENYA LIGHTING DESIGN
West Linn, OR USA
Naomi Johnson Miller, FIES, FIALD PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY
Portland, OR USA
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Efficiency Vermont is a Registered Provider with The
American Institute of Architects Continuing Education
Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this
program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members.
Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA
members are available upon request.
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing
professional education. As such, it does not include content
that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or
endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or
any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or
dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and
services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Learning Objectives
By the end of this program, participants will be able to:
Be aware of how much energy is used by residential home
lighting, and where the opportunities for saving are
Discuss LED, fluorescent, and even halogen options that
can reduce your lighting energy use.
Discuss controls that will automatically shut off unneeded
lighting.
Understand where to locate fixtures for best function and
appearance.
Become aware of color metrics and photometry of LED
products that will help you get the color and performance
you want.
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Course Evaluations
In order to maintain high-quality learning experiences, please
access the evaluation for this course by logging into CES
Discovery and clicking on the Course Evaluation link on
the left side of the page.
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Lighting Design Basics
• Look good!
• Provide the proper amount of light in every
room.
• Be built and constructed within budget, code,
and other constraints.
• Respond to the architecture and/or interior
design and/or landscape design
• Produce good color
• Achieve the desired moods of each space
• Be able to control the lights
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
High quality residential lighting
• Began in the 1970’s
• Low voltage lighting for drama and accent
• Glare control and better downlighting
• Dimming and preset scene controls
• Integration of layers of light including
traditional sources
• All halogen and incandescent lamps
• Classic – a period in time
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Lighting
Design Award
Winners
GE Edison Excellence Award for Residential Lighting,
CARRIBEAN ESTATE, Sean O’Connor Associates
Photos ©Peter Aaron/ESTO
GE Edison Excellence Award for Residential Lighting,
UNEXPECTED DISCOVERY, Witte/Ayotte Light
Photo Deborah Witte
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Modern vs. Classic
Classic
• Into and often
through the 90’s
• More is more
• Warmth and comfort
• Superior color
• Ease of control
• Willing to show off
Modern
• From the 90’s
onward
• Less is more
• Warm and comfort
• Very good color
• Ease of control with
better control
• Grace without waste
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Classic Incandescent
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Classic Halogen
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Classic Sources
Color and Dimming
• Warm, full spectrum
• Dimmable
• Warm color shift
when dimmed
• Smooth dimming
Flexibility and Size
• Diffuse lamps
• Linear lamps
• Spots and floods
• Pin spots
• Low voltage
• 120 volt, 220 volt, 12
volt, and other
• Correlation between
watts and lumens
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Modern Fluorescent Lamps
T8 and T5 Linear Lamps
• Highest efficiency (80-100 lumens per watt)
• Dimmable with the right ballast
• Best applications: kitchens, bathrooms, garages, utility
• Drawbacks – Long lamps need long fixtures
– Too much light for some spaces
– Technology hard to get, harder to use and understand
Important Notes
• Use 2700K or 3000K lamps in most interior applications.
• 3500K is good for work rooms, closets and garages.
• Two wire dimming ballasts solve many control problems.
• Don’t use where a lot of light is NOT needed.
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Modern Fluorescent Lamps
Pin Based Compact Lamps
• High lumens per watt (40-70) from 5 to 80 watts
• Some are dimmable
• Best applications:, bathrooms, exteriors, ceiling fixtures, lanterns
• Drawbacks – Dedicated CFL fixtures hard to find
or expensive
– Dimming color shift
– Harder to find and to understand than T5 or T8
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Modern Fluorescent Lamps Screw-based self ballasted compact fluorescent lamps
• High lumens per watt (40-60)
• Some are dimmable
• Best applications:, bathrooms, exteriors, ceiling fixtures, lanterns
• Drawbacks – What can screw in can screw out
– Warm up time
– Color ranges from good to horrid, especially when dimmed
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Modern Fluorescent Lamps
GU-24
A clever system to integrate evolving efficient
lighting into old school wiring
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Classic Control Systems
• Dimmers
– Kitchens, dining rooms, bedrooms, hallways,
foyers
• Car or motion activated “path of light”
• Whole house preset scenes
– Evening
– Landscape
– Go to Bed
– Panic
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Modern Controls
• Astronomical/clock timers
– Outdoor lanterns
• Daylight/motion sensors
– Outdoor security lighting
• Motion sensors
– Bathrooms, closets, garages, utility
rooms
• Shading system controls
• Home theater controls
• Energy management controls
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Classic/Modern MR16
• A relatively inefficient source
• But the light quality is superior
• Used widely – Accent lighting in living
spaces, especially art
– Downlighting in hallways
– Reading lights in bedrooms
– Spot lighting tables and displays
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
MR16 – Lighting Designer’s Paintbrush
Fluorescent can’t do this. LED just learned how.
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
LED cove with
Traditional Lighting
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Fluorescent cove with MR16
accent lighting
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Layered Design Principles
• Ambient Lighting
• Task Lighting
• Accent Lighting
• Decorative Lighting
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Classic tungsten layered design
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Classic Tungsten Layered Design
Ceiling uplights
Wall sconces
Art wall washing
Ceiling accents
Portable lamps
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Classic Tungsten Layered Design
Ceiling cove
Wall grazing
Built in niche lighting
Ceiling accents
Portable lamp
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Not all tungsten layers
© JAMES BENYA AND NAOMI MILLER 2011 BETTER BUILDINGS BY DESIGN 2011
Can LED Become Classic?
EFFICIENT LIGHTING CLIENTS
REALLY LOVE!!
Naomi Miller, FIES, FIALD, LC Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Better Buildings by Design 2011
Burlington VT
LEDs in the Home
• What halogen does best • Narrow beam accent lighting
• Flattering color for skin tones
• Dimmable (and cheap) lighting
• Optical precision (such as framing
projectors)
•What linear fluorescent does best • Kitchen lighting
• Bath area diffuse lighting
• Indirect lighting
• Shop areas/laundry room
• What compact fluorescent does best • Um. It’s cheap. And sort of efficient for
some lighting types.
Advantages of LEDs
LEDs in the Home
• Long life (25K to 50K hours)
• Energy savings
• 70% compared to halogen
• 0-50% compared to CFL and
linear fluorescent
• Color change option
• Small size
• Less light (YES, that can be an
advantage!)
• Whiz-bang nifty cool factor
What LEDs do best
• Replacement lamps in track
lights, recessed downlights (PAR,
MR)
• Dedicated track-mounted accent
lighting
• Dedicated LED recessed
downlights
LEDs in the Home
What LEDs do best
LEDs in the Home
• A-lamp replacements
• Candelabra lamp replacements
What LEDs do best
• Linear strips for coves,
undercabinet, in-cabinet display
lighting strips
• Undercabinet puck lights
LEDs in the Home
Learn the Lingo of LEDs
What LEDs do best
•Picture lighting
• Portable desk lighting
• Step lighting and marker lighting
• Nightlighting (red or amber)
LEDs in the Home
What LEDs do that’s fun
• Color change
• Fireflies
• Holiday lighting
LEDs in the Home
What LEDs do that’s fun
• Color change
• Fireflies
• Holiday lighting
LEDs in the Home
What LEDs do best
LEDs in the Home
• Landscape lighting
• Path lighting/step lighting
• Uplight/downlight
• Security/door lighting
• Handrail lighting
What LEDs do best
LEDs in the Home
• Landscape lighting
• Path lighting
• Uplight/downlight
• Security/door lighting
• Handrail lighting
Disadvantages
LEDs in the Home
• Sometimes poor color
• 5000K products too cool for residential
use
• Even warm-white LEDs can be poor in
red tones
• Costly
• Color consistency
• Limited range of lumen packages and beam
spreads
• High-brightness LEDs can be glaring if not
well shielded
• Possible flicker, especially if dimmed
• Availability down the road
• Snake oil and hype…..
Technical issues
LEDs in the Home
• Heat sinking
• Drivers
• Dimmability and Dimming Compatibility
• ELV, MLV, Triac, 0-10V, other
• Minimum load on control
• Dimming often introduces flicker
• Remote-driver products don’t use conventional
wiring techniques
• LM-79 reports
• Enclosed luminaires
• Learn to read LM-79 reports and learn the lingo:
Lumens, not Watts, for light output
CCT and CRI
Lighting Facts and CALiPER
• See it before you buy it or specify it. See two or three.
• Look for color, lumens, Wattage information on spec sheet
• Verify performance with CALiPER on DOE website
• Evaluate the color, light output, appearance, glare, flicker
in person
• Identify areas where lights stay on many hours. These are
where you’ll get the savings. Identify hard-to-reach areas.
These are where the long life is a benefit.
• Look for areas where dimming is not necessary, or do extra
homework to check compatibility with controls.
• If using remote driver products, locate drivers in accessible
and cool places.
How to start using LEDs
• Get wiring diagrams on all remote driver products. Review
with the electrician before installing
• Specify products from companies you know or whom you
trust, or that have a documented support history
• For large jobs, get a written warranty that includes light
output and color variation
• Start slowly. Use a few. Try them out and find the brands
you like and trust. Then use a few more.
• Energy paybacks vary widely on local electric rates and
hours of use and cost of product. Paybacks range from 3 to
20 years.
How to start using LEDs
LEDs: If you do a good job, clients will really love
them!
If you want to know more…
• Main DOE website: www.ssl.energy.gov
• DOE’s Commercially Available LED Product
Evaluation and Reporting program (CALiPER):
www.ssl.energy.gov/caliper.html
• Look for the “Lighting Facts”:
www.lightingfacts.com
• ENERGY STAR®: www.energystar.gov
• IESNA Standards and Guidelines:
www.iesna.org
Efficient residential lighting clients
will really love!