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“Let’s talk about poop, baby”
The day every five-year old boy dreams of…
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Warm Up
1 True/False. Shower, sink, and toilet water leave your home through the same pipe.
2 Where does wastewater from your home go?
??
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Not in here, buddy
• Developing world: human waste disposal similar to pre-modern times– Waste Ditches and cesspools– Outhouses
• 1596- John Harington designed the toilet; Thomas Crapper an early toilet maker in U.K.
• “The Great Stink” of 1858- London smelled so bad the government decided to construct an underground sewer for the city
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Cesspool Design
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Wastewater Treatment
• Wastewater- water that contains waste from homes or industry
• Goal of WWT- make water clean enough to return to a water source (river or lake) without damaging ecosystem
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Primary Treatment
• Filtration- wastewater passed through large screen to remove solid objects
• First Settling Tank (sedimentation)- WW moved to large tank where solids settle and are later removed as sludge
Settling Tank
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Secondary Treatment
• Aeration Tank- WW mixed with oxygen and aerobic bacteria to break down waste biologically
• 2nd settling tank- bacteria and other solids are removed as sludge
• Chlorination- chlorine is added to disinfect water before being released to water body
Question: What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic?
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Aeration Tanks
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Tertiary Treatment
• Goal- remove anything primary and secondary didn’t remove such as:– Nutrients- Nitrogen and Phosphorus– Odor and other pathogens
• UV light• Ozone• More chlorine
Question: Why would we want to remove nitrogen and phosphorus?
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Wastewater Treatment Process
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What about the sludge?
• Sludge can contain toxic substances– Heavy metals: Mercury, Lead, Cadmium– Organic pollutants– Pathogens
• Where does it go?– Land: hauled to landfills– Oceans: Europe still dumps 35-45% of total vol.– Air: incinerated (burned); ash brought to landfill
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Sludge Alternatives
• Fertilizers for crops• Soil conditioner (like compost)• Reclaiming a landfill for open space or park• Recycled into different materials
– Bricks– Biofuels
But...the sludge needs to be treated first to remove heavy metals and other toxins- $$
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Septic Systems
• A home WWTP for rural areas• Residential wastewater flows into buried tank
on property• Solids settle in tank, liquids are distributed
throughout pipe network in soil called the “drain field”
• Soil bacteria break down liquid waste, purifies water before it re-enters the aquifer
• Sludge gets removed periodically
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Septic Systems
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Septic Systems1. Septic Tank2. Drainfield3. Sludge Removal
1
2
3
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Raised septic systems for high water tables
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When it hits the fan…Issues
• Unmaintained septic systems• E. Coli, fecal coliform bacteria in water
– Water-borne diseases: Cholera, Dysentary• Dumping hazardous chemicals into toilet, sink
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Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs)
• In older towns and cities, storm water and wastewater sewers are connected- all goes to WWTP
• During heavy rainstorms, WWTP cannot handle the extra load of wastewater
• So…what do you think happens?!
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Georgia flooding- 2009
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Untreated Wastewater in River
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What can you do at home?
• Do NOT pour hazardous materials down the drain, toilet, or shower– Paint– Paint Thinner– Chemicals
• Do NOT pour excessive fats, grease, oils, or dead pets down the drain
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Wrapping Up…Complete Poop Day recap before you leave
today