Download - Lecture 3-Chemical SafetyRevision
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04/28/23Industrial Safety Lecture Three1
Chemical SafetyChemical SafetyJoe Nail
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04/28/23Industrial Safety Lecture Three2
Introduction Introduction
What is a Chemical Hazard?What is a Chemical Hazard?
– Answer: Any chemical that can cause illness, injury, or an emergency.
Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards– PhysicalPhysical– HealthHealth
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04/28/23Industrial Safety Lecture Three3
Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards
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04/28/23Industrial Safety Lecture Three4
Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards PyrophoricPyrophoric Flammable ChemicalsFlammable Chemicals Combustible ChemicalsCombustible Chemicals OxidizersOxidizers
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OHSA’s Haz-Com StandardOHSA’s Haz-Com Standard
04/28/23Industrial Safety Lecture Three5
OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard is designed to OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard is designed to protect employees from hazardous chemicals used or stored in protect employees from hazardous chemicals used or stored in the work setting.the work setting.Also referred to as the "Right-To-Know Law" Law, the Hazard Also referred to as the "Right-To-Know Law" Law, the Hazard Communication Standard requires that information and Communication Standard requires that information and training (i.e., hazcom training) be provided to any employees training (i.e., hazcom training) be provided to any employees who have the potential of being exposed to a hazardous chemical who have the potential of being exposed to a hazardous chemical “under normal condition of use or in a foreseeable emergency.”“under normal condition of use or in a foreseeable emergency.”Such hazcom training requires the presence of hazardous Such hazcom training requires the presence of hazardous chemicals be communicated to employees in a variety of ways, chemicals be communicated to employees in a variety of ways, including:including:
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PurposePurposeThe purpose of the
standard is to make sure that the hazards of chemicals are evaluated
That information concerning their hazards is communicated to employers and employees
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Who is coveredWho is coveredOSHA’s Hazard Communication (HazCom)
standard applies to general industry, shipyard, marine terminals, longshoring, and construction employment and covers chemical manufacturers, importers, employers, and employees exposed to chemical hazards.
Horizontal
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HazCom RequirementsHazCom Requirements The hazardous chemical inventoryThe hazardous chemical inventory Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) Labels, tags or signsLabels, tags or signs The written Hazard Communication The written Hazard Communication
programprogram
04/28/23Industrial Safety Lecture Three8
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BackgroundBackgroundThe Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)
is based on a simple concept--that employees have both a need and a right to know the hazards and identities of the chemicals they are exposed to when working
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BackgroundBackgroundThey also need to know what protective
measures are available to prevent adverse effects from occurring
The HCS is designed to provide employees with the information they need
MSDS
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EmployersEmployersEmployers are required to provide information
to their employees about the hazardous chemicals to which they are exposed using:– A hazard communication program– labels and other forms of warnings– material safety data sheets (MSDS)– information and training
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Warehouse and Retail OperationsWarehouse and Retail Operations In work operations where employees only handle
chemicals in sealed containers, which are not opened under normal conditions
Employers must only do the following:– Ensure labels on incoming chemicals are not
defaced or removed
– Maintain copies of any material safety data sheets that are received with incoming shipments
– Obtain MSDS a.s.a.p. for shipments received w/out MSDS
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Warehouse and Retail OperationsWarehouse and Retail OperationsProvide employees with information and
training (no written program required) to the extent necessary to protect them in the event of a spill or leak of a hazardous chemical from a sealed container
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Labeling ExemptionsLabeling ExemptionsOther federal agencies control the labeling
requirements for the following substances:– Pesticides
– Chemicals covered under the Toxic Substance Control Act
– Foods or food additives
– Distilled Spirits, tobacco
– Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics
– Hazardous wastes
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Employer Requirements-Employer Requirements-Written ProgramWritten Program
Employers must develop a written program that covers at least:– Labels and other forms of warnings
– Material Safety Data Sheets
– Employee Information and Training
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Employer Requirements-Employer Requirements-Written ProgramWritten Program
Employers must develop a written program that covers at least:– A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present at the
facility along with MSDS’s for each chemical
– The methods the employer will use to inform employees of the hazards non-routine tasks
– The hazards of chemicals in unlabeled pipes
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Multi-Employer WorkplacesMulti-Employer Workplaces If employees of other employers could be
exposed to hazardous chemicals the program must include: – Methods to provide contractor employees with on-
site access to MSDS for each chemical those workers may be exposed to
– The methods used to inform other employers of any precautionary measures to be taken for normal and emergency situations
– The employers chemical labeling system
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Consumer Products ExemptionConsumer Products ExemptionAny consumer product as defined in the
Consumer Product Safety Act where the employer can show that: – It is used in the workplace for the purpose intended – The use results in a duration and frequency of
exposure which is not greater than the range of exposures that could reasonably be experienced by consumers when used for the purpose intended
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Written Program AvailabilityWritten Program AvailabilityThe employer must make the written program
available, upon request, to: – Employees and their designated representatives
Where work is carried out at more than one location, the program may be kept at the main location
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Labels, Tags and MarkingsLabels, Tags and MarkingsThe employer must ensure that each container of
hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged or marked with the following:– Identity of the hazardous chemical – Appropriate hazard warnings
This above labeling information is required of the manufacturer so the employer must ensure that the original labels from the manufacturer are on all containers and remain legible
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Container Labeling Exemption for Container Labeling Exemption for Portable ContainersPortable Containers
The employer is not required to label portable containers into which hazardous chemicals are transferred from labeled containers, and which are intended only for the immediate use by the employee who performs the transfer
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The employer need not affix new labels to comply
with the standard ifexisting labels already covey
the required information
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New Hazard InformationNew Hazard InformationManufacturers, importers,
distributors and employers who become newly aware of significant information regarding chemical hazards shall:– Revise the labels for the
chemical within three months– Revise the MSDS for the
chemical within three months
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MSDS kept in other formsMSDS kept in other formsMSDS may be kept in any form including
operating procedures It may be more appropriate to address the
hazards of a process rather than individual hazardous chemicals
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Employee Information and Employee Information and TrainingTraining
Employers must provide employees information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area:– At the time of their initial assignment
– Whenever a new physical or health hazard the employees have not previously been trained about is introduced into their work area
Training may cover categories of hazards
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Employee InformationEmployee InformationEmployers must inform employees:
– Of the training requirements of this section (1910.1200 (h) Employee information and training.);
– Any operations in their work area where hazardous chemicals are present;
– The location and availability of the written hazard communication program
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Employee TrainingEmployee TrainingEmployee training shall include at least:
– The means to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical in the work area
– The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work area
– Measures employees can take to protect themselves
– Details of the employers specific program
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04/28/23Industrial Safety Lecture Three29
Health HazardsHealth Hazards Category A-Biological AgentsCategory A-Biological Agents Category B-Physical AgentsCategory B-Physical Agents Category C-Chemical Agents Category C-Chemical Agents
Chemical Agents-This DiscussionChemical Agents-This Discussion
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04/28/23Industrial Safety Lecture Three30
Chemical Health EffectsChemical Health Effects
Irritants: Inflame skin tissue on contact.Irritants: Inflame skin tissue on contact. Corrosives: Corrosives: Destroy skin tissue at point of Destroy skin tissue at point of
contact.contact. Sensitizers: Sensitizers: Cause allergic reactions.Cause allergic reactions. Target-Organ Chemicals: Target-Organ Chemicals: Damage specific Damage specific
body organs and systems.body organs and systems. Reproductive Hazards: Reproductive Hazards: Change genetic Change genetic
information in egg or sperm cells and/or information in egg or sperm cells and/or damage fetus after conception.damage fetus after conception.
Carcinogens: Carcinogens: Cause cancer.Cause cancer.
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04/28/23Industrial Safety Lecture Three31
Health HazardsHealth Hazards SensitizersSensitizers Target-Organ ChemicalsTarget-Organ Chemicals Reproductive HazardsReproductive Hazards CarcinogensCarcinogens
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04/28/23Industrial Safety Lecture Three32
Health HazardsHealth Hazards IrritantsIrritants CorrosivesCorrosives
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CorrosiveCorrosiveVisible destruction, or irreversible damage to
body tissueAcidsCaustics (or bases)
pH Scale
1 147Acids
Caustics (or bases)
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HepatotoxinsHepatotoxinsChemicals which produce liver damageSigns and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver enlargementChemicals: Carbon Tetrachloride, nitrosamines
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NephrotoxinsNephrotoxins
Chemicals which produce
kidney damage
Signs and Symptoms:
Edema
Chemicals: Halogenated
Hydrocarbons, uranium
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Neurotoxins Neurotoxins Chemicals which produce
their primary toxic effects on the nervous system
Signs and Symptoms: Narcosis, behavioral changes, decreased motor function
Chemicals: Mercury, carbon disulfide, lead
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Agents which act on the bloodAgents which act on the blood
Decrease hemoglobin function, deprive the body tissues of oxygen
Signs and Symptoms: Cyanosis, loss of consciousness
Chemicals: Carbon monoxide, cyanides
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Agents which damage the lungsAgents which damage the lungs
Chemicals which damage pulmonary tissue
Signs and Symptoms: Cough, tightness in the chest, loss of breath
Chemicals: Asbestos, silica
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Reproductive toxins Reproductive toxins Chemicals which damage
reproductive capabilities Includes chromosomal
damage (mutations) and damage to fetuses (teratogenesis)
Signs and Symptoms: Birth defects, sterility
Chemicals: Lead
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Cutaneous hazardsCutaneous hazards Chemicals which effect the
dermal layer of the body Signs and Symptoms:
Defatting of the skin, rashes, irritation
Chemicals: Ketones, chlorinated compounds
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Eye hazardsEye hazardsChemicals which affect the eye or visual
capacitySigns and symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal
damage, blurred vision, burning or irritationChemicals: Solvents, corrosives
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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)are one of the most important tools
available to employers for providing information, and protectionto workers from hazardous chemicals
which are used in the workplace.
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1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, 1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, required informationrequired information
Identity of the chemical Physical and chemical
characteristics Physical hazards Chemical hazards Primary routes of entry PEL’s or other exposure limits Control measures Emergency procedures
Whether the hazardous chemical is listed in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Annual Report on Carcinogens
precautions for safe handling and use
Date of preparation Name, address and telephone
of the manufacturer
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Material Safety Data Sheet U.S. Department of Labor
May be used to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, (Non-Mandatory Form)
29 CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be consulted for specific requirements.
Form Approved
OMB No. 1218-0072
IDENTITY (As Used on Label and List) Note: Blank spaces are not permitted. If any item is not applicable, or no information is available, the space must be marked to indicate that.
Section I
Manufacturer's Name Emergency Telephone Number
Address (Number, Street, City, State, and ZIP Code) Telephone Number for Information
Date PreparedSignature of Preparer (optional)
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Section II - Hazard Ingredients/Identity Information
Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity;
Common Name(s)) OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Other
Limits
Recommended %(optional)
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Section III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H2O = 1)
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Melting Point
Vapor Density (AIR = 1) Evaporation Rate(Butyl Acetate = 1)
Solubility in Water
Appearance and Odor
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Section IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
Flash Point (Method Used) Flammable Limits LELUEL
Extinguishing Media
Special Fire Fighting Procedures
Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards
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Section V - Reactivity Data
Stability Unstable Conditions to Avoid
Stable
Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid)
Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts
HazardousPolymerization May Occur Conditions to Avoid
Will Not Occur
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Section VI - Health Hazard Data
Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation? Skin? Ingestion?
Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic)
Carcinogenicity: NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA Regulated?
Signs and Symptoms of Exposure
Medical ConditionsGenerally Aggravated by Exposure
Emergency and First Aid Procedures
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Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled
Waste Disposal Method
Precautions to Be taken in Handling and Storing
Other Precautions
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Section VIII - Control Measures
Respiratory Protection (Specify Type)
Ventilation Local Exhaust Special
Mechanical (General) Other
Protective Gloves Eye Protection
Other Protective Clothing or Equipment
Work/Hygienic Practices
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Setting up a programSetting up a programThe HCS covers both:
– Physical hazards (such as flammability), and
– Health hazards (such as irritation, lung damage, and cancer)
Most chemicals used in the workplace have some hazard potential, and thus will be covered by the rule
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Setting up a programSetting up a programOne difference between this rule and many
others adopted by OSHA is that this one is performance-oriented
That means that you have the flexibility to adapt the rule to the needs of your workplace, rather than having to follow specific, rigid requirements
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Make a list of all chemicals in the workplace that are potentially hazardous
The best way to prepare a comprehensive list is to survey the workplace
Identify chemicals in containers, including pipes
Establish purchasing procedures so that MSDSs are being received before a material is used in the workplace
Setting up a programSetting up a program
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Identify hazardous Identify hazardous chemicals in the workplace.chemicals in the workplace.
Compile a complete list of the potentially hazardous chemicals in the workplace
Determine if you have received material safety data sheets for all of them
If any are missing, contact your supplier and request one
You should not allow employees to use any chemicals for which you have not received an MSDS
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Preparing and implementing a hazard Preparing and implementing a hazard communication programcommunication program
All workplaces where employees are exposed to
hazardous chemicals must have a written plan
The plan does not have to be lengthy or
complicated
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Employee trainingEmployee training If there are only a few chemicals in the workplace,
then you may want to discuss each one individually
Where there are large numbers of chemicals, or the chemicals change frequently, you will probably want to train generally based on the hazard categories (e.g., flammable liquids, corrosive materials, carcinogens)
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DocumentationDocumentationThe rule does not require
employers to maintain records of employee training, but many employers choose to do so
This may help you monitor your own program to ensure that all employees are appropriately trained
Hazard Communication
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04/28/23Industrial Safety Lecture Three60
Recognizing Chemical Health Recognizing Chemical Health Effects-What to Look for.Effects-What to Look for. Symptoms appear while you are at Symptoms appear while you are at
work.work. Symptoms get worse during the work Symptoms get worse during the work
week but go away when you are off.week but go away when you are off. Fellow employees have reported similar Fellow employees have reported similar
symptoms.symptoms.
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04/28/23Industrial Safety Lecture Three61
Forms of Chemical HazardsForms of Chemical Hazards Solids, Liquids, Gases, Vapors, Mists, Solids, Liquids, Gases, Vapors, Mists,
Dusts, and Fumes.Dusts, and Fumes. Exposure RoutesExposure Routes
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04/28/23Industrial Safety Lecture Three62
Control of Chemical Hazards Control of Chemical Hazards and Exposuresand Exposures Engineering and Mechanical ControlsEngineering and Mechanical Controls Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment Administrative and Procedural ControlsAdministrative and Procedural Controls
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04/28/23Industrial Safety Lecture Three63
Chemical Spill ResponseChemical Spill Response Requires Special TrainingRequires Special Training
What can I do?What can I do?
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04/28/23Industrial Safety Lecture Three64
Chemical Spill ResponseChemical Spill ResponseCFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Response Standard CFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Response Standard
(HAZWOPER)(HAZWOPER)
Option #1-Evacuate employees and call Option #1-Evacuate employees and call in professional emergency response in professional emergency response personnel. (EAP) 29 CFR1010.38(a)personnel. (EAP) 29 CFR1010.38(a)
Option #2-Respond internally. (EAP) 29 CFR Option #2-Respond internally. (EAP) 29 CFR 1010.1201010.120
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Emergency Action Plan (EAP)Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
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Emergency Response Plan Emergency Response Plan (ERP)(ERP)
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First Aid for Chemical ExposureFirst Aid for Chemical Exposure IngestionIngestion InhalationInhalation Skin ContactSkin Contact Eye ContactEye Contact BurnsBurns
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04/28/23Industrial Safety Lecture Three68
ReviewReview 1. Give the names of the two chemical hazards. 2. What name is given to a chemical which will burst into flame when
contacted by air? 3. What term is given to chemicals which can cause and /or support fire in
other materials? 4. What is a health hazard? 5. Which kind of health hazard destroys skin on contact? 6. Chemicals that cause sterility, fetal death, and birth defects are called
____________. 7. What is a carcinogen? 8. Give the three states in which a chemical can exist. 9. Give the three ways employees can be exposed to health hazards. 10.What are the most common skin contact hazards? 11.What is an MSDS? 12.What kind of information is found on the MSDS?