Download - Learning to language learning
LEARNING TO LANGUAGE LEARNING
By: Dolly Ramos G
Stephen Krashen
LA= natural assimilation, involving intitution and subconciuos learning.
Similar to how children learn L1 Real interaction lg (function) and culture NO theoretical knowledge, unaware of grmamar Develops familiarity with phonetics, struct &
vocab Vivid example children & early teens live abroad Fluency, good pronunc, intuitively recognize
phrasal verbs
Stephen Krashen
Traditional approach Focus on lg (structure) Requires intellectual effort & deductive
reasoning Form is more important than communication Values of correct and represses incorrect Memorizing strategy (student hardly will master the structure) Brazil ss “the struct and literature but poor
pronunciation , limited vocabulary and lacking awareness of the culture”
ACQUISITION & LEARNING
Acquisition: It refers to the
spontaneous, unconscious and incidental process of internalization that result from natural language use
Learning: to acquire the knowledge
of something through the conscious and formal study
Suggestions for Teachers
Should not focus on grammar at any age due to the
fact that grammar will take care of itself. (holistic & analytical )
Focus on developing the communicative competence
Through: reading,vocabulary, writing and speaking
Reading pedictable books, thematic unit (actv tense to groups)
Grammar should be within the context
Age and Effeciency of ACQ & L/ING
o Researh & experience = the lower the age the easier, faster and more complete. o The same for foreign lg .o The age is a factor of effecient acquisition over learning
o Learning is more effective in intellectual maturity
DIFFERENCES
Innate Exposed all the
time No emotional
barrier Natural motivation No interlanguage
Learned Not used all the
time Might be
emotional barrier Less motivation Reliance on L1
First Language Second Language
FIRST, SECOND AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Concern on children’s learning The main charateristics of Foreign lg
Learning
Age 5 READING
L1 incompletely developed
Age 5-6 Literacy skill is on process SPEAKING & WRITING
Age 7 Narrative & Extended discourseReference to characters
Age 11& 15
(not fully developed)Relative Clauses & pron Logical understandingCo-ordinators language
Linguistic Domains (P,M,S,L, conversation & discourse) largely independent
Child’s early
experience(family) Narative &
discourse Vocabulary
Teacher Consider: Childrens’
individual differences and lg strengths
LEARNING A SECOND LANGUAGE Children learn faster than adults. (Hypothesis)
Critical Period Hypothesis Children learning is more effectively before
puberty (mechanisim assited the L1)
Lightbown & Spada (1999) Against the Hypothesis Factor needs
Motivation native- profiency SL Context communicative-goal FL
Bates & Whinney(1989) Explain how L1 learning affects L2
&FL L1 Reliable or Unreliable
Babies (particular cues) transfer to SL
Learning the whole & the parts
7-8 age. Sound and rythm 12-14 age. Word order
AGE AND LANGUAGE FIRST
Who has less prolonged attention? How would a lesson influence a childs lg
development? Does conversation develop
independently from extended discourse? How can our L1 affect language
learning?
ADVANTAGES TO STARTING YOUNG WITH FOREIGN LG
ADVANTAGES Early starters develop & maintain SOME
areas fo the lg skill Listening comprehension pronunciation Language development
DISAVANTAGES grammar slower Cognitive development
THANK YOU
See you next Monday do not forget
to study and read for… QUIZZZZZZZZ
References
Wallace,J.(1991) Training Foreign Language Teachers. Cambridge University Press
Judie Hayde (2005). EverythingSAL.net
Schutz R (2012)Acquisition and learning. Principals of language tecahing by Krashen