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Nursing Leadership
&
Management
Dr. Ram Sharan Mehta
Medical-Surgical Nursing Department
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� Coordinate the individual efforts to
common goal: e.g.: Dharhara,
Singhdarbar, Tajmahal, Great wall of
china etc.
Concepts:
china
� Approach of management:
productivity, process, decision
making, human relation, and
system approach. R S MEHTA, MSND 3
Leadership
What is leadership?
Leading people
Influencing people
Commanding people
Guiding people
Types of Leaders
� Leader by the position achieved
� Leader by personality, charisma
� Leader by moral example
� Leader by power held
� Intellectual leader
� Leader because of ability to accomplish
things
Nursing Management
� This is defined as the coordination
and integration of nursing resources by
applying the management process applying the management process
to accomplish nursing care and
service goals and objectives
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�FOUNDATIONS &
RESOURCES OF
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
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1.MEN
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2.MONEY
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3. MATERIALS
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4.MACHINES
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5. Time Management
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� What is the Difference
between a MANAGEMENT
AND LEADERSHIP?
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LEADERSHIP
�To Guide, to go before and
show the way
�Leadership is the art of
developing people
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MANAGEMENT
� Is a process by which cooperative
group directs actions towards
common goals.
� It involves techniques by which
distinguished group of people
coordinates the services of people
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Managers vs. Leaders
Managers
� Focus on things
� Do things right
Leaders
� Focus on people
� Do the right things
� Plan
� Organize
� Direct
� Control
� Follows the rules
� Inspire
� Influence
� Motivate
� Build
� Shape entities
Common Activities
� Planning
� Organizing
� Directing � Directing
� Controlling
Planning
Manager
� Planning
� Budgeting
Leader
� Devises strategy
� Sets direction
� Creates visionBudgeting
� Sets targets
� Establishes
detailed steps
� Allocates resources
� Creates vision
Organizing
Manager
� Creates structure
� Job descriptions
Leader
� Gets people on board
for strategyJob descriptions
� Staffing
� Hierarchy
� Delegates
� Training
for strategy
� Communication
� Networks
Directing Work
Manager
� Solves problems
� Negotiates
Leader
� Empowers
people� Negotiates
� Brings to
consensus
� Cheerleader
Controlling
Manager
� Implements control
systems
Leader
� Motivate
� Inspire� Performance
measures
� Identifies variances
� Fixes variances
� Inspire
� Gives sense of
accomplishment
Why do we have to study MANAGEMENT AND
LEADERSHIP?
� nurses must realize that
they have to keep up with
the many changes in the the many changes in the
health care system and its
delivery of services to the
people
� Nurses believe that leaders
are made and not born!!!!24R S Mehta, MSND, CON, BPKIHS
ROLE OF MANAGERS
�The basic roles performed by
managers as
1. INTERPERSONAL,1. INTERPERSONAL,
2. INFORMATIONAL,
3. DECISIONAL
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1.INTERPERSONAL ROLE
� As a leader who:
�Hires
�Trains�Trains
�Encourages
�Fires
�Remunerates
� Judges
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�As a LIASON officer between
outside contracts such as the
community, suppliers and the
organizationorganization
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2.INFORMATIONAL ROLE�One who monitors information
�Disseminates information from both
external and internal sources
�As a spokesperson or representative �As a spokesperson or representative
of the organization.
�She represents the subordinates to
superiors and the upper management
to the subordinates
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3.DECISIONAL ROLE
�Problem discoverer, a designer to
improve projects that direct and
control change in the organization
�As a Negotiator when conflicts arise
1. PROBLEM SOLVER
2. TROUBLE SHOOTER
3. NEGOTIATOR
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DEVELOPING FUTURE MANAGERS
� Managerial development programs are very
useful means of getting qualified managers.
� The necessary fundamental skills of a
manager are:manager are:
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a. TECHNICAL SKILLS
� Relate to the proficiency in performing an
activity in the correct manner with the right
technique
b. HUMAN RELATIONSHIP SKILLS
� Pertains to dealing with people and how to “Get
Along with them”Along with them”
c. CONCEPTUAL SKILLS
� Deal with the ability to see individual matters as
they relate to the total picture and to develop
creative ways of identifying pertinent factors,
responding to the big problems, and discarding
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Approach in developing managers
emphasizes:
1.ATTITUDE FACTORS
2. KNOWLEDGE FACTORS
3. ABILITY FACTORS
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a. ATTITUDE FACTORS
� Interest in one’s work
� Confidence in one’s mental competence
� Desire to accept one’s responsibility
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b. KNOWLEDGE FACTORS
> Refers to ideas, concepts or principles
that can be expressed and are accepted
because they have logical proofs
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c. ABILITY FACTORS
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� Include skills, art, judgment and
wisdom
�Nursing Service Administrators are
required to be academically prepared
�Prior to promotion or holding of
managerial positions, nurses who have managerial positions, nurses who have
the potential to become administrators
are asked to participate in managerial
staff development programs
(e.g. Singapore CGH, 2 weeks training)
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LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT
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1. TOP MANAGEMENT
� Overall operations of nursing
services, establishes goals,
objectives, policies and objectives, policies and
strategies
� Chief nurse, Director, Matron
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2. MIDDLE MANAGEMENT
� Coordinator of nursing activities of
several units
� Supervisor, Coordinator
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3. FIRST LEVEL MANAGEMENT
� Responsible for production of
nursing services; act as links
between higher level managers between higher level managers
and non-managers
� Ward Incharge, Head nurse,
Team leader
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LEADERSHIP ROLES
� TOP --------------------------------ADMINISTRATOR
� MIDDLE---------------------------SUPERVISORS
� FIRST LINE-----------------------HEADNURSES/SENIOR
NURSESNURSES
� OPERATIONAL LEVEL----------STAFF NURSES/ ANMs
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Three basic competences
Level ofmanagement
Imanagement
Technical skills Interpersonal skills Conceptual skills
II
III
TYPE OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES
1. Bureaucratic� Commonly called line structures or staff
organizations seen in large healthcare facilities
Advantage:
Clearly defines authority and responsibility� Clearly defines authority and responsibility
Disadvantages:
� Transfer workers
� Produces monotony
� Restricts upward communication
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2. Ad hoc� Used on a temporary basis to complete a
particular project (e.g. Kala-azar Project)
� Usually disbanded after a project is completed
Advantage:
Serves as a way for professionals to handle � Serves as a way for professionals to handle
the situations
Disadvantages:
1. Decreases strength in the formal chain of command
2. Decreases employees' loyalty to the parent
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3. Matrix� Focuses on both product and function, with
emphasis on the required task and the end-
result of the function (e.g. Car Factory)
Advantages:
1.Centralizes expertise1.Centralizes expertise
2. Less formal rules
3. Fewer levels of hierarchy
Disadvantage:
� Slow decision-making can produce confusion
and frustration45R S Mehta, MSND, CON, BPKIHS
Role of Leader:� Risk taker
� Influencer
� Change agent
� Good communicator
� Mentor
� Critical thinker
� Good listener
� Forecaster
� Energizer
� Visionary
� Problem solver and
� Role model. 46R S Mehta, MSND, CON, BPKIHS
�Nothing is more dangerous
than an idea when it’s the
only one you have.
– Emile
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Manage Oneself
� Be self-aware
� Define your
leadership style
� Types of help
� Technical
� Political
Personal� Get advice and
counsel
� Advice is from
expert to leader
� Counsel is insight
� Personal
� Advisor traits
� Competent
� Trustworthy
� Enhance your status
How Far Can You Go?
Thank YouThank You
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