![Page 1: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview 3rd Annual Bridge Seminar Day
Lexington, KY – 2/4/14 Lexington, KY Lexington, KY 2/4/142/4/14
Presented by:
Darrin Beckett - KYTC
Ron Ebelhar - Terracon Consultants
1
![Page 2: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Project Site
Kentucky Official Highway Map
2
![Page 3: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Proposed Bridge Rendering
www.lakebridges.com 3
![Page 4: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Presentation Scope
1. Subsurface Conditions
2. Pier Foundation Design Considerations
3. Load Test Program Considerations
4. Load Test Program Results
4
![Page 5: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Geotechnical Overview Report by Florence & Hutcheson, 1994
1. Subsurface Conditions
Mfp - Fort Payne Formation
Qal – Alluvium and Bedded Chert (≈ 150 to 250 ft. thick)
5
![Page 6: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Comprehensive Field Sampling / Testing Program
6
Conventional Soil Borings
– Extensive Laboratory Testing
Piezo-Cone Penetration Tests
Specialized In-Situ Tests
– Downhole & Crosshole
– P-S Suspension Logging
– Pressuremeter
– Shear Wave Seismic Reflection
![Page 7: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Typical Soil Profile
7
Bedded Chert
In-Situ Outcrop of Similar Material
Alluvial Deposits
![Page 8: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2. Pier Foundation Design Considerations
Open-ended driven pipe piles selected as appropriate foundation
– Considered 48”, 60”, 72” & 96” Diameter for Piers - Final Design 72”
– Prior to this Project 48” Believed to be Largest Diameter Driven Piles by KYTC
API RP 2A method for axial resistance analyses considers
“plugged” and “unplugged” conditions
Constrictor plates (i.e.“artificial” plugs) to allow required penetration
but force the piles to plug to achieve end bearing
Drivability/Constructability also a key factor in these analyses
– Many combinations of hammers, target depths considered
8
![Page 9: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Constrictor Plate (i.e. Artificial Plug)
9
Artificial Plug Design Calculations by Genesis Structures, 2013
Placed ≈70 to 100 ft. above Pile Tips
Based on Depth to Bedded Chert
![Page 10: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Bridge Construction Concerns
10
Uncertainties Could Lead to Potential for:
Construction Delays
Construction-Phase Foundation Redesign
$$$ Overruns on $100M+ Contract
![Page 11: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
3. Load Test Program Considerations
Unusual soil conditions – chert gravel presence in clays &
sands & “bedded chert”
Uncertainties over drivability / achievable depths /
axial & lateral resistance
– Maximum required nominal axial resistance ≈ 9000 – 10,000 kips
Decision to perform significant design-phase
Pile Load Test Program with “Advance Contract”
– Contract also included Lagoon Bridge & Expanded Causeways
– February 2013 Letting
11
![Page 12: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Load Test Program Scope
Three 48” & Three 72” diameter pipe piles
One Axial Static Load Test (48”)
≈ 6000 kips
Two Axial Pseudo-Static (i.e. Statnamic) Load Tests (48” & 72”)
≈ 6950 & >8500 kips
One Lateral Pseudo-Static (i.e. Statnamic) Load Test (72”)
Dynamic Pile Testing During Installation
Every Pile/Every Stroke
Total Cost ≈ $7.9 Million
12
![Page 13: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13 October 22, 2013
Purpose
Confirm Soil Parameters
Evaluate Pile Drivability
Evaluate Hammer
Evaluate Pile Capacity
Pile Handling (185’ and 210’ test lengths)
Geotechnical Considerations - Load Test Program Results
![Page 14: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Geotechnical Considerations - Load Test Program Results
14
Video – Statnamic Axial Load Tests
![Page 15: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Geotechnical Considerations - Load Test Program Results
15
Video – Statnamic Lateral Load Test
![Page 16: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Geotechnical Considerations - Load Test Program Results
• Static Load Test – 48-inch-diameter pile
• Six 1200-kip jacks
• Test duration 24 hours
• Hold time at 5000 kips (8 hrs)
![Page 17: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Geotechnical Considerations - Load Test Program Results
17
![Page 18: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Geotechnical Considerations - Load Test Program Results
18 October 22, 2013
Test Program Dynamic Pile Testing (PDA) Statnamic Load Tests
Axial (6950 kips and 8500+ kips) Lateral (4 loads up to 425 kips ESL)
Static Axial Load Test (6000+ kips) Fully Instrumented Piles
Soil Resistance Load Transfer (axial and lateral)
![Page 19: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19 October 22, 2013
Test Piles 48” Piles
1” & 1.5” Wall 72” Piles
1.5” & 2” Wall Near Causeway Deep Water Open End-partial Constrictor Plate
Geotechnical Considerations - Load Test Program Results
![Page 20: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Geotechnical Considerations - Load Test Program Results
20 October 22, 2013
Summary of Results Nominal Resistance (capacity) achieved
Near Estimated Tip Elevations
Menck MHU 800S Hammer used
successfully
Relatively Easy to Drive to Target Tip
Elevations with plate placed high
Constrictor Plate Functional for plugging –
extended drives
Deeper Penetrations achievable
![Page 21: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Summary of Results • Pile lengths and wall thicknesses
can be handled with heavy marine
equipment
• Soil resistance during pile driving
is less than long-term static
resistance (ranged from 40% to
80%, typically about 70%)
Geotechnical Considerations - Load Test Program Results
![Page 22: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Summary of Results • Thinner Pile Walls?
No Apparent Significant Damage
but some uncertainty and site
variability drives choice of 2-inch-
thick wall (some harder driving
observed but only on the 2-inch
wall piles at deeper penetrations)
Geotechnical Considerations - Load Test Program Results
![Page 23: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Summary of Results
• Recommendations developed for
production pile verification test
program
• Dynamic Pile Testing required
• Longer-term pile restrikes
required
Geotechnical Considerations - Load Test Program Results
![Page 24: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24 November 27, 2013
• Special Note For Steel Pipe Piles-Install
• Special Note for Dynamic Pile Testing
Dynamic Pile Testing required(minimum of
2 per substructure per LRFD code)
Pile restrikes required
• Special Note for Vibration Monitoring Pre-Construction Surveys
Vibration Monitoring
Post-Construction Surveys
Geotechnical Considerations - Load Test Program Results
![Page 25: Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012107/61dc3f1cf97c1e1a4759e0a7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Kentucky Lake Bridge Pile Load Testing Overview
QUESTIONS???????
Presented by:
Darrin Beckett - KYTC
Ron Ebelhar - Terracon Consultants
25