![Page 1: Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 1 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik D retention and release behaviour of](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514e63e550346935c8b58a5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 1
Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik
D retention and release behaviour of Be/C/W mixed materials
K. Sugiyama, K. Krieger, J. Roth
Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association
A. Anghel, C. Porosnicu, C.P. Lungu
National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics of Romania, Association EURATOM-MEdC
M.J. Baldwin, R.P. Doerner
Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego
(WP10-PWI-01-02-03/IPP/PS, WP10-PWI-01-02-02/MEdC/PS)
![Page 2: Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 1 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik D retention and release behaviour of](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514e63e550346935c8b58a5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 2
Outline
Introduction
Experimental procedure
Results
Summary and Outlook
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Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 3
Introduction
Wall materials in ITER
• 690 m2 Be: first wall and start-up limiter modules
• 140 m2 W: divertor dome / baffle region• 55 m2 CFC: divertor strike point areas
Material mixture Tritium retention in mixed materials
Be
W
CFC
Wall baking for tritium removal in ITER
• 240 ºC: Main chamber• 350 ºC: Divertor region
Experimental approach in this task
• Preparation of ITER relevant (Be-related) mixed material samples
• Investigation of D retention and release behaviour of mixed materials
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Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 4
Outline
Introduction
Experimental procedure
Results
Summary and Outlook
![Page 5: Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 1 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik D retention and release behaviour of](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514e63e550346935c8b58a5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 5
Sample preparation
Experimental procedure
Be12W fabrication by annealing of W film on Be substrate sample at 1073K, 10 hours
Be2C fabrication by annealing of C film on Be substrate sample at 773K, 3 hours
WC fabrication by annealing of W film on graphite substrate sample at 1373K, 4 hours
• Compounds fabrication by thermal treatment of Be-W / Be-C / W-C system
• Be-W / Be-C simultaneously deposited layers
Upgrade of TVA setup for the simultaneous deposition
Depositions were successfully done with varying Be/W and Be/C ratios
Be-related depositions were prepared by Thermionic Vacuum Arc (TVA) deposition method in MEdC
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Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 6
Sample preparation
Experimental procedure
Be12W fabrication by annealing of W film on Be substrate sample at 1073K, 10 hours
Be2C fabrication by annealing of C film on Be substrate sample at 773K, 3 hours
WC fabrication by annealing of W film on graphite substrate sample at 1373K, 4 hours
• Compounds fabrication by thermal treatment of Be-W / Be-C / W-C system
• Be-W / Be-C simultaneously deposited layers
D implantation to prepared layers
• 200 eV D ions implantation in the High Current Ion Source in IPP-Garching
• Flux ~ 1019 D/m2, Fluences up to ~1023 D/m2
Post mortem analysis for the prepared samples
• D release behaviour analysis by Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS)
• Quantitative analysis by Nuclear Reaction Analysis using D(3He, p)4He reaction
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Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 7
Outline
Introduction
Experimental procedure
Results
Be-related compounds layer
W-C compound (WC) layer
Be-W simultaneously deposited layer
Be-C simultaneously deposited layer
Summary and Outlook
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Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 9
1012
1013
1014
1015
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Des
orpt
ion
flux
[D2/c
m2 /s
]
Temperature [K]
Temperature [C]
1012
1013
1014
1015
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Des
orpt
ion
flux
[D2/c
m2 /s
]
Temperature [K]
Temperature [C]
Be2C: Additional desorption stage in the high temperature range (> 400 ºC)
Be2C
Be
D desorption from Be-related compoundsD implantation to Be-related compound layers
Be: Primary desorption peak at 150-200 ºC
D fluence ~ 1023 D/m2 @ RT
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Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 10
1012
1013
1014
1015
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Des
orpt
ion
flux
[D2/c
m2 /s
]T
em
perature [C
]
Time [s]
D release during the temperature hold at 350 ºC
Be2C
Be
The desorption flux drops down when the temperature reaches the plateau at 350 ºC.
3.125exp~
t
The desorption flux reaches almost background level during the 20 min. hold. 5-10 % of retained D additionally released during the temperature hold at 350 ºC.
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Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 11
1012
1013
1014
1015
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Des
orpt
ion
flux
[D2/c
m2 /s
]
Temperature [K]
Temperature [C]
Be2C
Be2C: Additional desorption stage in the high temperature range (> 400 ºC)
1012
1013
1014
1015
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Des
orpt
ion
flux
[D2/c
m2 /s
]
Temperature [K]
Temperature [C]
Be12W
Be12W: The primary desorption peak becomes less intense and broader
Be
D desorption from Be-related compoundsD implantation to Be-related compound layers
Be: Primary desorption peak at 150-200ºC
D fluence ~ 1023 D/m2 @ RT
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Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 12
300 400 500 600 700 800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
D r
emai
ning
fra
ctio
n [%
]
Temperature [K]
Temperature [C]
0
20
40
60
80
100350ºC240ºC
Be2C
Be12WBe
D retained fraction in Be-related compounds
Be: ≈ 90 % of initially retained D is released at 350 ºC Compounds: 60-70 % of initially retained D is released at 350 ºC
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Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 13
1011
1012
1013
1014
300 400 500 600 700 800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
D2 d
eso
rptio
n flu
x [D
2/cm
2 /s]
Temperature [K]
Temperature [C]
Fluence ~ 1023 D/m2 @ RT
Bulk-W
WC
D release from WC layer
300 400 500 600 700 800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Temperature [K]
Temperature [C]
D r
emai
ning
fra
ctio
n [%
]0
20
40
60
80
100
Bulk-W WC
240ºC 350ºC
D release from WC shows primary desorption stage at 400 - 750 K
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Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 14
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
300 400 500 600 700 800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
D2 d
eso
rptio
n flu
x [D
2/cm
2 /s]
Temperature [K]
Temperature [C]
Be
Be12W
Fluence ~ 1023 D/m2 @ RT
D release from Be-W simultaneously deposited layer
Mixing of W in Be slightly changes the D desorption behaviour. The retention amount decreases by increase of W fraction in Be.
300 400 500 600 700 800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Temperature [K]
Temperature [C]
D r
emai
ning
fra
ctio
n [%
]0
20
40
60
80
100
W~10 at.%
W~60 at.%
Be12W
Be
240ºC 350ºC
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
300 400 500 600 700 800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
D2 d
eso
rptio
n flu
x [D
2/cm
2 /s]
Temperature [K]
Temperature [C]
W~10 at.%
W~60 at.%Bulk-W
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Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 15
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
300 400 500 600 700 800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Des
orpt
ion
flux
[D2/c
m2 /s
]
Temperature [K]
Temperature [C]
Be
Be2C
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
300 400 500 600 700 800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Des
orpt
ion
flux
[D2/c
m2 /s
]
Temperature [K]
Temperature [C]
C ~ 50 at.%
C ~ 8 at.%
Fluence ~ 1023 D/m2 @ RT
D release from Be-C simultaneously deposited layer
D release behaviour totally changes in the case of C-rich mixed layer sample
300 400 500 600 700 800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
D r
emai
ning
fra
ctio
n [%
]
Temperature [K]
Temperature [C]
0
20
40
60
80
100
240ºC
Be2CBe
C ~ 8 at.%
350ºC
C ~ 50 at.%
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Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 16
How will the wall baking work in ITER ?
Best performance will be expected for:・ removal from clean Be deposit・ the removal from Be-hydrogen
codeposition formed at “cool” areas
The efficiency is marginal for:
・ Be-W codeposited layer and compounds・ “ Be-rich” Be-C mixed deposition
Less efficiency for: ・ “ C-rich” (C conc. > 50 at.%) Be-C
mixed deposition・ the hot surface (temperature is >
350ºC during a discharge)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
D r
emai
ning
fra
ctio
n at
350
C [
%]
Impurity concentration in Be [%]
W
C
Be12WBe2C
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Kazuyoshi Sugiyama, SEWG meeting on Fuel retention, Garching, July 20 2010 17
Summary and Outlook
Outlook: D implantation to mixed material samples at high temperatures
- Temperature dependence of D retention in mixed material samples
Further upgrade of TVA setup for Be-W-C (ternary) simultaneous deposition
What we have done are: Mixed material sample fabrication (collaboration with MEdC)
- TVA setup successfully upgraded for the Be-W / Be-C simultaneous deposition
Investigation of D release from mixed materials for the assessment of T removal operation in ITER (wall baking at 240 ºC / 350 ºC)
Messages: D release behaviour is affected by material mixing
- Influence of C is more significant.
- T removal efficiency of 350 ºC baking decreases by material mix compared to the case of pure Be or W.