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KamLAND Future Prospects
Atsuto Suzuki
Tohoku University
KamLAND Collaboration
III Int. Workshop on Neutrino Oscillations in Venice III Int. Workshop on Neutrino Oscillations in Venice Feb. 7-10, 2006Feb. 7-10, 2006
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1. KamLAND-II
2. Prospects of Solar Neutrino Detection
3. Toward Precise Measurement of
Reactor Neutrinos
4. More and more Geoneutrinos
5. Conclusions
1. KamLAND-II
2. Prospects of Solar Neutrino Detection
3. Toward Precise Measurement of
Reactor Neutrinos
4. More and more Geoneutrinos
5. Conclusions
OutlineOutline
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180 km
300
1. KamLAND-II (summer in 2006) 1. KamLAND-II (summer in 2006) 1. KamLAND-II (summer in 2006) 1. KamLAND-II (summer in 2006)
※※ 77Be solar neutrino detection:Be solar neutrino detection: JSPS 5-year project from 2004JSPS 5-year project from 2004※※ Precise measurements of reactor-, geo- and solar neutrinos:Precise measurements of reactor-, geo- and solar neutrinos: MEXT 5-year project from 2005MEXT 5-year project from 2005
KamLAND-IIKamLAND-II
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2. Prospects of Solar Neutrino Detection2. Prospects of Solar Neutrino Detection2. Prospects of Solar Neutrino Detection2. Prospects of Solar Neutrino Detection
single events in KamLAND
10-5 ~ 10-6
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distillation test bench
212212PbPb
222222RnRn R~10R~10-2-2
N2 purge test bench
222222Rn : Rn : 4x104x10-3-3 >R > 5x10 >R > 5x10-4-4
8585Kr :Kr : 4x104x10-5 -5 >R > 5x10>R > 5x10-6-6
Test Bench StudiesTest Bench StudiesTest Bench StudiesTest Bench Studies
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Background Reduction StatusBackground Reduction StatusBackground Reduction StatusBackground Reduction Status
purification system purification system installation :installation :until this Julyuntil this July
purification system purification system installation :installation :until this Julyuntil this July
space for new purification system(May 2005)
238U232Th 40K 85Kr210Pb
(3.5 ± 0.5) x 10-18 g/g(5.2 ± 0.8) x 10-17 g/g< 2.7 x 10-16 g/g~ 1 Bq/m3
~ 10-20 g/g
10-16 g/g 10-16 g/g 10-18 g/g~1 Bq/m3
~10-25 g/g
impurities present goal reduction
OK OK 10-2
10-6
10-5
distillation purge
< 10-2
< 10-5
< 10-4
< 10-5
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100 days data100 days data
events (0.3 <E< 0.8 MeV) / day / fid. (R< 4m)events (0.3 <E< 0.8 MeV) / day / fid. (R< 4m)77Be (80) , CNO (16), pep (4) , Be (80) , CNO (16), pep (4) ,
8585Kr (8), Kr (8), 210210Bi (<2), Bi (<2), 210210Po (<1), Po (<1), 4040K (3)K (3)
Expected Energy Spectrum in KamLAND-Expected Energy Spectrum in KamLAND-IIII
Expected Energy Spectrum in KamLAND-Expected Energy Spectrum in KamLAND-IIII
210Po210Po 85Kr85Kr
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events (0.3 <E< 0.8 MeV)/ day / fid. (R < 4m)events (0.3 <E< 0.8 MeV)/ day / fid. (R < 4m) 77Be (80) , CNO (16), pep (4) , Be (80) , CNO (16), pep (4) ,
8585Kr (8), Kr (8), 210210Bi (<2), Bi (<2), 210210Po (<1), Po (<1), 4040K (3)K (3)
Seasonal Flux Variation of Solar Seasonal Flux Variation of Solar NeutrinosNeutrinos
Seasonal Flux Variation of Solar Seasonal Flux Variation of Solar NeutrinosNeutrinos
3 years data in KamLAND-II3 years data in KamLAND-II
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Possibility to Detect CNO and pep Possibility to Detect CNO and pep NeutrinosNeutrinos
Possibility to Detect CNO and pep Possibility to Detect CNO and pep NeutrinosNeutrinos
CNO+pepCNO+pepCNO+pepCNO+pep
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RR
tt
energyenergy
Present KamLAND DataPresent KamLAND Data
100 200 (min.)
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 (MeV)
200 800 (cm)400 600
1111C IdentificationC Identification1111C IdentificationC Identification
L < 50 cm along L < 50 cm along
# of neutrons > 0# of neutrons > 01111C with C with R < 150 cmR < 150 cm
((R : distance from the nearest nR : distance from the nearest n))
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New Electronics for IdentifyingNew Electronics for IdentifyingSuccessive Multiple EventsSuccessive Multiple Events
New Electronics for IdentifyingNew Electronics for IdentifyingSuccessive Multiple EventsSuccessive Multiple Events
new (dead-time free)
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Expected Energy Spectrum inExpected Energy Spectrum inCNO+pep RegionCNO+pep Region
Expected Energy Spectrum inExpected Energy Spectrum inCNO+pep RegionCNO+pep Region
1111CCCNOCNOpeppep
7Be7Be
3 years data3 years data
90% rejection of 90% rejection of 1111CC90% rejection of 90% rejection of 1111CC
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7Be7Be
CNOCNO
peppep
background subtractedbackground subtracted
neutron tagging efficiencyneutron tagging efficiency ~ 100%~ 100%
3 years data3 years data
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3. Toward Precise Measurement of 3. Toward Precise Measurement of Reactor NeutrinosReactor Neutrinos
3. Toward Precise Measurement of 3. Toward Precise Measurement of Reactor NeutrinosReactor Neutrinos
shape-analysis
LMA II: disfavoredat 98.0% CL
LAM 0: disfavoredat 97.5% CL
Nobs – NBG
Nexpected
= 0.686 ± 0.044 (stat) ± 0.045 (syst)
disappearance:99.995 % CL
ee xx : 2-flavor case : 2-flavor case
LAM I
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68Ge : 1.012 MeV (+) 65Zn : 1.116 MeV ()60Co : 2.506 MeV ( + ) AmBe : 2.20 , 4.40, 7.6 MeV
n
12N, 12B,…
Improvement of Detector Systematic Improvement of Detector Systematic ErrorError
Improvement of Detector Systematic Improvement of Detector Systematic ErrorError
energy scale, timing, detection,
n capture time, n detection,
trigger efficiency, light transport,….
radioactive sources, laser system, LEDs,
cosmic-ray , –induced spallation products
Off-Axis Calibration System
6.5 % 6.5 % 4 % 4 %total uncertaintytotal uncertainty
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Setting Off-Axis SystemSetting Off-Axis System
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statistics x 5statistics x 5 statistics x 10statistics x 10limit due tolimit due to
4% systematic error4% systematic error
statistics x 5systematic error : 4%
statistics x 10systematic error : 4%
Updated Oscillation ParametersUpdated Oscillation ParametersUpdated Oscillation ParametersUpdated Oscillation Parameters
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ee
ee
ee ee
ee
G. Gamow: 1953
4. More and More 4. More and More GeoneutrinosGeoneutrinos
4. More and More 4. More and More GeoneutrinosGeoneutrinos
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Antineutrino Energy (MeV)Antineutrino Energy (MeV)
Eve
nts
/0.1
7 M
eVE
ven
ts/0
.17
MeV
2.382.38
±0.01±0.01Accidental Accidental Coincidence Coincidence
# of # of eventseventsBackgroundBackground
127 127 ±13±13TotalTotal
best best fitfit
80.480.4
±7.2±7.2
1.9 1.9 ±0.2±0.2
Reactor Reactor ee
short livedshort lived
long livedlong lived
42 42 ±11±11
1313C (C (,n,n) ) 1616OO
signal 152
KamLANDKamLAND
ThTh UU
Geoneutrino Result in Geoneutrino Result in KamLANDKamLAND
Geoneutrino Result in Geoneutrino Result in KamLANDKamLAND
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2 years data in KamLAND-II2 years data in KamLAND-II
best fitbest fit
(NU – NTh)/(NU + NTh)
NU +
NT
h
CL 68.3%CL 95.4%CL 99.7%
best fitbest fit
Th/U~3.9Th/U~3.9Th/U~3.9Th/U~3.9
BSE modelBSE modelBSE modelBSE model
Constraints on Uh & U /Th
in KamLAND-II
Constraints on Uh & U /Th
in KamLAND-II
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Th/U~3.9Th/U~3.9Th/U~3.9Th/U~3.9
2 years data in KamLAND-II2 years data in KamLAND-II
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ConclusionsConclusions
KamLAND-II providesKamLAND-II provides
• high rate detection of high rate detection of 77Be solar neutrinos,Be solar neutrinos,
• chance to detect CNO + pep solar neutrinos,chance to detect CNO + pep solar neutrinos,
• stringent constraint on stringent constraint on mm22 for reactor neutrinos, for reactor neutrinos,
• more constraint on U+Th (geoneutrinos),more constraint on U+Th (geoneutrinos),
andand
• interesting test of U/Th (geoneutrinos) interesting test of U/Th (geoneutrinos)