Download - JW 09-fine arts ppt
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Shiba Kokan (1747-1818)
Worked mainly in Edo Translated and wrote
works on astronomy Produced maps
This portrait by Takahashi Yuichi.
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Materials and techniques
How and where you can make pictures depends (partly) on the materials you have to work with…
Ink, paper, silk brushes
Oil-paints, canvas, stiff brushes
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Materials and techniques
How and where you can make pictures depends (partly) on the materials you have to work with…
Ink, paper, silk brushes
require a flat surface, wind is a problem! Oil-paints, canvas, stiff brushes
after mid c19 (paint in tubes!), development of box easel, painting en plein air (outside) becomes easier (natural light!)
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Seeing & showing reality
Death of the Historical Buddha (Nehan), Kamakura period (1185–1333), 14th century
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Practical 'art'
蛮 ( 蕃 ) 書調所 (1855 onwards) “Tokugawa Institute for Barbarian Learning” “The need to prepare fortifications
against foreign invasion brought the government to employ artists to sketch sites and trajectories. [TIBL] included instruction in painting as a utilitarian discipline, related to map-making and descriptive drawing”
Jansen, M. B. (2002). The making of modern Japan. Harvard University Press. p476-8
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Kōbu Daigakko (Technical College)
Founded 1871 by Yamao Yōzō after a 7-year stay overseas. Aided by Henry Dyer.
1878 technical art school founded:
Antonio Fontanesi – painting Vincenzo Ragusa – sculpture Giovanni Cappellati – architecture
Teachers and students influenced much western-style art & architecture during early Meiji period.
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Kōbu Daigakko (Technical College)
Founded 1871 by Yamao Yōzō after a 7-year stay overseas. Aided by Henry Dyer.
1878 technical art school founded:
Antonio Fontanesi – painting Vincenzo Ragusa – sculpture Giovanni Cappellati – architecture
Teachers and students influenced much western-style art & architecture during early Meiji period.
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After 1850s...
Increased exchanges of many sorts between Japan and 'the West' (US and Europe mainly)
Increasing awareness of 'national identity' in Japan Increased awareness of differences between Japan
and the 'the West' also, necessity of distinguishing between the two
Nihon-ga ↔ Yō-ga 日本画 ↔ 洋画
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New Schools & Trends
'Western-style' oil-painting quickly became popular Japanese artists began to travel abroad to study,
European artists came to Japan to teach Followed by a reaction in support of native artistic
styles
Formation of Ryuchi-kai in 1879, support from Fenollosa etc.
Creation of terms Yō-ga and Nihon-ga
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New Schools & Trends
Ernest Fenollosa (1853-1908)
1882: Five features of Nihon-ga
1. Does not try to photographic veracity 写真のような写実を追わない。
2. No use of chiaroscuro (no shadows) 陰影が無い。
3. Outlines 鉤勒(こうろく、輪郭線)がある。
4. Flat colours 色調が濃厚でない。
5. Concise expression 表現が簡潔である。
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Early Meiji Yō-ga
Kawakami Togai
(1827-81)
1870: Landscape 風景 Studied western art from
books of Dutch painting Had to make his own
brushes and 'canvas' from paper and cloth
Suicide after accusation of selling maps
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Early Meiji Yō-ga
Takahashi Yuichi
c1877: Salmon 鮭 Trained with Charles
Wirgman (Briton working for Illustrated London News)
Advocated establishment of Japan's first 'art museum'
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Japan Exported
Paris: “La Porte Chinoise”
1863: E. de Soye, returning from Japan, opened a shop with his wife at 220 rue de Rivoli dealing in Oriental commodities.
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Subject Matter
What are 'appropriate' or 'correct' subject for art?
Everyday life ('realism'?) 'Nature'
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Composition
Different aesthetics regarding arrangments in space
Japanese and 'western' ideas of balance
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Materials/Techniques
Oil paints (variety of colour/depth) Canvas / paper Woodblock prints
Use of black outline Areas of flat colour Chiaroscuro