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JURASSIC-CRETACEOUS STRATIGRAPHY OF MALAYSIA
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
MAT NIZA BIN ABDUL RAHMAN Technical Services Division,
Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia Sultan Azlan Shah Road, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
e-mail: [email protected]
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
In Peninsular Malaysia, the Jurassic-Cretaceous sequence is represented by the continental deposits deposited in several isolated basins throughout
the country Generally, characterised by the fining upward
sequence comprises reddish brown to red siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate often interpreted as molasse sequence.
INTRODUCTION
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
The sequence distributed in the Western, Central and Eastern Belts of Peninsular Malaysia Fossils of gastropods, bivalves and plant as well
as palynomorph had been discovered within those rock units Fossils of dinosaur teeth and footprints had been
discovered in the Lotong Sandstone of the Gagau Group in Hulu Terengganu.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION Jurassic-Cretaceous continental sequences in Peninsular Malaysia: Saiong Formation Koh Formation Tembeling Group Gagau Group Ma’okil formation Paloh formation Lesong Sandstone Gerek Formation
Ulu Endau Beds Tebak Formation Panti Formation Berapit Formation Tan Hain Formation Kayu Hitam Formation Panau Formation
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 5
Correlation chart between JK succession in Peninsular Malaysia Western Belt Central Belt – Eastern Belt Kedah-Perak Kelantan
Pahang-Terengganu
Johor
Jurassic-Cretaceous
Saiong Formation
Kayu Hitam Formation
Berapit Formation
Tan Hain Formation
Panau Formation
Koh Formation
Gagau Group
Tembeling Group
Gerek Formation
Ma’Okil Formation
Paloh Formation
Lesong Sandstone
Ulu Endau Beds
Tebak Formation
Panti Formation
INTRODUCTION
Jurassic-Cretaceous marine sequences in Sabah and Sarawak:
Sabah: Madai-Baturong Formation
Sarawak: Kedadom Formation Sejingkat Formation Pedawan Formation Serabang Formation Bau Limestone an Sebangan Hornstone
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Distribution of JK rocks in Peninsular Malaysia
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Stratigraphic correlation along the Malaysia-Thailand border
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Saiong Formation
Previously known as Saiong Beds Sequence of polimict conglomerate to conglomeratic redbeds, red
sandstone, shale and mudstone Adjacent to Malaysia-Thailand border Correlated with Phun Phin Formation in southern Thailand Probably Cretaceous in age Thickness up to 1,200 m Overlies unconformably the Triassic Semanggol Formation
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 10
Distribution of Saiong Formation
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Koh Formation
Rudaceous-arenaceous sequence in Sungai Aring area, SE Kelantan state
Mudstone interbedded in the sequence basal argillaceous limestone Late Triassic-Jurassic Unconformable over the Triassic Telong Formation Named after Sungai Koh
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 12
Distribution of Koh Formation
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Tembeling Group
Sequence of volcanics, conglomerate, sandstone, shale and mudstone
Widely distributed in Pahang state Comprises: Thermus Shale Mangking Sandstone Lanis Conglomerate Kerum Formation
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 14
Distribution of Tembeling Group
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Kerum Formation
The basal part Made up of volcanic-sedimentary suite with intermixed varieties No fossil May be Late Triassic Named after Sungai Kerum
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Lanis Conglomerate
Consists of polymictic conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone, shale, siltstone sequence
Reddish and ferruginous Volcanis clasts significant in parts Named after Gunung Lanis Fossils:
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Mangking Sandstone
Consists mainly of quartzose sandstone interbedded with grey and reddish argillaceous rocks
Plant fossil Gleichenoides Gagauensis Kon’no indicates Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age
Named after Sungai Mangking
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Termus Shale
The youngers unit in Tembeling Group Consists predominantly of reddish ferruginous
shale/mudstone/siltstone interbedded with some quartzose sandstone and lithic sandstone
Bivalve fossil suggest Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous age Named after Sungai Termus Among fossils found:
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Gagau Group
Succession of gently dipping arenaceous-rudaceous sequence forming Gagau Mountain plateau at Kelantan-Terengganu-Pahang border
Associated with volcanic beds Plants fossils indicate Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age Consists of Badong Conglomerate and Lotong Sandstone
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 20
Distribution of Gagau Group
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Badong Conglomerate
Basal unit of Gagau Group Red polimict conglomerate with subordinate sandstone, siltstone
and shale Occur as wedge shaped and lenticular beds Graded and cross bedding structure Named after Sungai Badong
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Lotong Sandstone
Overlies the Badong Conglomerate
Mainly sandstone (orthoquartzite, protoquartzite and subarkose) and some volcanics)
Poorly sorted and cross bedded Plants fossils indicate Late
Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age Dinosaur tooth and footprints Named after Sungai Lotong
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Ma’okil Formation
Predominantly argillaceous with arenaceous, rudaceous and volcanic in Johor state
Argillaceous and rudaceous often reddish and ferruginous Correlated with Gagau Group and Tembeling Formation Named after Ma’okil Forest Reserve
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 24
Distribution of Ma’Okil Formation
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Paloh Formation
Interbedded of sandstone, shale and mudstone Partly equivalent with Ma’Okil Formation Unconformably overlying the Triassic Semantan Formation Jurassic to Cretaceous palynomorph:
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 26
Distribution of Paloh Formation
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Lesong Sandstone
Gently dipping predominantly sandstone sequence in south Pahang
Jurassic-Cretaceous age based on lithostratigraphic correlation
Thickness about 450 m Abundant plant remains, cross
bedding Molasse characteristics indicate a
continental origin
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 28
Distribution of Lesong Sandstone
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Gerek Sandstone
Arenaceous unit exhibits similar characteristics with JK unit exposed in Pahang state
Correlated with other JK unit based on lithology No detail study on this unit
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 30
Distribution of Gerek Sandstone
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Ulu Endau Beds
Massively bedded sequence of predominantly arenaceous rocks Ulu Endau area, SE Pahang with some argillaceous interbedded Horizontal to gently dipping Plant fossils: Gleichenites sp. Otozamites sp. And Equisetite sp. age
indicates Cretaceous Named after Ulu Endau area
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 32
Distribution of Ulu Endau Beds
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Tebak Formation
Predominantly arenaceous sequence in southern Johor Consists of quartz arenite, quartz wacke, feldspathic arenite with
minor siltstone and grey-purple mudstone Flat to gently dipping Named after Sungai Tebak Plant fossils:
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 34
Distribution of Tebak Formation
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 35
Among the plants fossils found in Gagau Group and Tebak Formation
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Panti Formation
Predominantly arenaceous sequence in southern Johor Consists of quartz arenite, quartz wacke, feldspathic arenite with
minor siltstone and grey-purple mudstone Well-correlatable with Tebak Formation
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 37
Distribution of Panti Formation
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Berapit Formation
comprises massive, poorly sorted, matrix supported conglomerate.
subangular to rounded clasts, 1 – 10 cm in diameter, made up of sandstone, shale and minor limestone; cemented by reddish sandy matrix.
fining upwards sequence and the clasts show an imbrication of about N-S direction with plunging towards northunconformably overlies the Silurian-Devonian Kroh formation.
well exposed at Km 2.2 along the Malaysia-Thailand border security road, in Perak state.
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 39
Distribution of Berapit Formation
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Berapit Formation
Palynomorph:
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Tan Hain Formation
sequence of thickly bedded sandstone and conglomerate interpreted as continental deposits
named after Sungai Tan Hain, a small river located in the topography map Sheet 20, Belum which flows southeast to Temengor Lake, Upper Perak, where the graded bedding sandstone and conglomerate are well exposed and the type section is proposed
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 42
Distribution of Tan Hain Formation
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Kayu Hitam Formation
reddish brown, medium- to thick-bedded mudstone, conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone and sandstone sequence that exposed around the Bukit Kayu Hitam area north of Kedah State.
well correlatable with the Lam Thap Formation of Thailand.
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 44
Distribution of Kayu Hitam Formation
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Panau Formation
sequence of continental, channel lag deposit, crops out near Tanah Merah town, Kelantan state
Forms nonconformity between the granite and the overlying Panau beds can be observed at an abandoned rock quarry at the foothill of Bukit Panau
consist of interbedded thin argillite beds, laminated fine-grained sandstone, poorly sorted pebbly sandstone and paraconglomerate.
The argillite rocks are maroon in colour. Some of the argillite occur as lenses within the sandstone beds. This indicates that the rocks were deposited in a channel lag, in oxygenated and continental environments
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
The arenaceous rock consists of light grey poorly sorted sandstone, mostly pebbly and laminated fine-grained sandstone
cross bedding which can be observed
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CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 47
Distribution of Panau Formation
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 48
Sequence of red shale and sandstone of the Panau Formation
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 49
Discovery of dinosaur fossils in Jurassic-Cretaceous sequence in Malaysia
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Gagau Mountain – Terengganu-Kelantan- Pahang border
Kelantan
Pahang
Terengganu
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Dinosaur tooth fossil embedded in a conglomerate boulder in Sungai Chichir, Hulu Terengganu
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Theropod dinosaur footprints on a sandstone boulder in Sungai Chichir, Hulu Terengganu
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Iguanodon dinosaur footprints on a sandstone boulder in Sungai Chichir, Hulu Terengganu
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Iguanodon dinosaur footprint on a sandstone boulder
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Another dinosaur discovery…..
Team of palaeontology researchers from the Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya and Japanese universities (Waseda University and Kumamoto University) has found dinosaur fossil teeth in the rural interiors of Pahang -- the first known discovery of dinosaur remains in Malaysia. Field expedition since 2012
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Professor Ren Hirayama from Waseda University (Tokyo), a specialist in reptile palaeontology, identified that one of the teeth, Sample UM10575, belongs to a spinosaurid dinosaur (known as a carnivorous "fish-eating" dinosaur)” Most probably Spinosaurid sauropod
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
UM10575 is about 23 mm long and 10 mm wide. It develops fairly distinct carinae (front and rear edges) with serrations, typical to a tooth of a theropod (carnivorous dinosaur) Well-marked coarse ridges are developed on the surface of
the tooth, and the surface bears micro-ornament (very fine sculptures); these characterise a spinosaurid tooth.
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
The fossil teeth of a spinosaurid dinosaur discovered in Pahang /Astro Awani http://www.malaysiandigest.com/news/488527-update-pahang-dinosaur-excavation-sit
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
The fossil remains of the Spinosaurid sauropod (carnivorous dinosaur). Credit: Image courtesy of ResearchSEA
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Close-up view of the fossil remains of the Spinosaurid sauropod (carnivorous dinosaur). Credit: Image courtesy of ResearchSEA
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Spinosaurid dinosaur as portrayed in the movie Jurassic Park III. /Google Images
Spinosaurid dinosaur. /Google Images
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Pahang Dinosaur: Excavation Site Top Secret, says Pahang CM
The dinosaur excavation site in Pahang is top
secret… Associate Professor Dr. Masatoshi Sone
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
JK SEQUENCE IN SABAH AND SARAWAK
represented by the marine deposits comprises argillaceous, some arenaceous and calcareous rocks, and associated chert, lava, and pyroclastics
Sabah: Madai-Baturong Formation Sarawak: Kedadom Formation, Sejingkat Formation, Pedawan
Formation, Serabang Formation, Bau Limestone and Sebangan Hornstone.
Most of them are shallow marine shelf deposits except for the chert dominant Sejingkat Formation and part of Serabang Formation and the Sebangan Hornstone which might be deposited in a deeper marine condition.
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Distribution JK sequence in Sabah
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Distribution JK sequence in Sarawak
CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand
Terima Kasih Khob-kun-krub