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Jazz Fundamentals
Greg Polanik CoordinatorCorina Iukovici Co-Coordinator
Academy for Lifelong LearningCape Cod Community College
Spring 2015
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Chapter 7Modal Jazz
So What?
Miles Davis
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Modal Jazz
• 1958-1960s
• An intentional move away from complex Chord Progressions
• Based on minimal Modes, not Chords
• Mode = Scale
• Can be Hot or Cool, Fast or Slow
• Miles Davis, again, is the pioneer
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1958 – 1963
• Explorer 1, NASA, Integrated Circuits
• Greensboro Sit-Ins, Voting Act
• Integrated Busses, Feminism
• Cuba: Embargo, Bay of Pigs, Missiles
• Birmingham & Washington Marches
• Medgar Evers & JFK Assassinated
• Birmingham Church Bombing, 4 girls
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I found Miles in the midstof another stage
of his musical development
John Coltrane
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Modal Jazz
• Absent or Minimal Standard Functional Chord Progression
• Slow or Static Harmonic Motion, Scales/Chords last 4, 8, 16 Bars
• Chords often Quartal, Polytonal
• Bass Pedal Point, Drone, Often Used
• Playing ‘Outside’ Common
• Color & Sound Become Important
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Modal Jazz Precedents
• The Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal OrganizationGeorge Russell (composer) 1953
• Bill Evans (piano) worked with Russell
• Gil Evans (arranger) worked with Miles Birth of the Cool & 3 other albums
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Miles’ First Modal Jazz Song
• The Miles Davis Sextet - 1958
The First Great Quintetplus Cannonball Adderly
Milestones
AABAA = 8 bars G DorianB = 16 bars A Aeolian
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Modal Soloing
+ Simple harmonic structure
+ No navigating changing chords
+ Easier to find ‘correct’ notes
+ Free to explore ideas, avoid clichés
- No musical interest from chords
- No forward motion from chords
- Soloist provides interest, movement
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I’ll play it firstand tell you what it is afterwards
Miles Davis
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Important Modal Jazz Players
• Miles DavisTrumpet, Band Leader
• Sextet 1958:John Coltrane (tenor sax)Cannonball Adderly (alto sax)Bill Evans (piano) (Wynton Kelly)Paul Chambers (bass)Jimmy Cobb (drums)
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Modal Songs
• Kind of Blue – 1959 Miles DavisInfluential; Most Popular AlbumSketches of ideas Miles (and Evans) wrote just before recording sessionThe band never saw the songs before they went into the studio
So What LiveFlamenco Sketches
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As long as I’ve been playing,they never say I done anything
They always say thatsome white guy did it
Miles Davis
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Important Modal Jazz Players
• Bill EvansPiano – most influential of modern jazz?
• Worked with George Russell
• Classical voicings, impressionistic
• Used interesting chord substitutions
• Trio: Scott LaFaro(b) Paul Motian(d)
played with textures, time, feel
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Important Modal Jazz Players
• Herbie HancockPiano – the best ever?
• Child prodigy
• Modal harmony with classical training
• Stacked modes over modes
• Developed rhythmic freedomw/ Ron Carter (b), Tony Williams (d)
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Modal Jazz Songs
• Bill Evans
Peace PieceNardisMy Man’s Gone Now
• Herbie Hancock
Maiden Voyage
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It bugs me when peopletry to analyze jazz
as an intellectual theoremIt’s not
It’s a feeling
Bill Evans
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Important Modal Jazz Players
• John ColtraneTenor & Soprano Saxophone
• Becoming the most important
• Modal and Indian influences
• Technique forces future players to:Study and become as good, orDevelop a non-technical style
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Important Modal Jazz Players
• McCoy TynerPiano
• Quartal harmony, Pentatonic solos
• Explored playing ‘Outside’
• Rhythmic strength
• Integral part of Coltrane sound, w/Jimmy Garrison (b), Elvin Jones (d)
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Modal Jazz Songs
• John Coltrane• McCoy Tyner
My Favorite Things SOMImpressionsIndia
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Important Modal Jazz Players
• Wayne ShorterTenor & Soprano Saxophone
• Great improviser, personal style• Composed many Jazz standards• Long varied career
Jazz MessengersMiles Second Great QuintetWeather Report
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Important Modal Jazz Players
• Oliver NelsonMulti-Reed, Composer, Arranger
• Inspired by modern classical
• Played in / arranged for Big Bands
• The Blues and the Abstract Truth
E. Dolphy, F. Hubbard, B. Evans,
G. Barrow, P. Chambers, R. Haynes
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Modal Jazz Songs
• Wayne Shorter
ArmageddonWitch Hunt
• Oliver Nelson
Stolen MomentsYearnin’
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Music Theory
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Melody
Melodies based on Modes
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Harmony
Quartal Chords voiced in Fourths
keyboard
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Jazz Vocabulary
• Modes – scales built by starting on different notes of a parent scale
• Outside – playing the wrong notes
• Pedal Point – fixed droning bass note
• Quartal – chords based on fourths
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Hot can be cool,and cool can be hot,and each can be bothBut hot or cool, man,
jazz is jazz
Louis Armstrong