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Jazz as Cool Module 16 of Music: Under the Hood
John Hooker
Carnegie Mellon University
Osher Course October 2018
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• What is cool jazz?
• Biography of Paul Desmond
• Take Five
Outline
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• Contrast with bebop
– Arose in 1940s
• Followed swing style, which was popular for dancing
• Jazz “for musicians”
• Continued through 1950s
Cool Jazz
3
Charlie
Parker Dizzy Gillespie
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• Contrast with bebop
– Fast and complex
• Heavily improvised with complex chord changes
• Melody referenced only at beginning and end.
Cool Jazz
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Thelonious
Monk
Bud Powell
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• A postwar development
– Lighter tone
• More carefully arranged
• Elements of classical music
• Built on swing-era jazz,
such as Count Basie’s music
Cool Jazz
5 Miles Davis
Count Basie
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• A postwar development
– “West Coast” jazz
• More subtle
• Accepts nonstandard rhythms
• Learns from other forms
of music
Cool Jazz
6 Chet Baker
Dave Brubeck
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• Paul Desmond, 1924-1977
– Born Paul Emil Breitenfeld
• In San Francisco
• Father was pianist & composer
• Mother was emotionally unstable
• Sent to New York City to live
with relatives
• Due to problems at home
• Learned to play violin,
clarinet, sax.
Biography
7 Paul Desmond
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• Early career
– Hired Dave Brubeck after WWII
• Cut his pay in half and later fired him.
• Brubeck held a grudge and wouldn’t let Desmond
in his house.
Biography
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• Early career
– Hired Dave Brubeck after WWII
• Cut his pay in half and later fired him.
• Brubeck held a grudge and wouldn’t let Desmond
in his house.
– Later sought a job with Brubeck
• Arrived while Brubeck was
out back hanging baby
clothes on line.
• Dave’s wife Iola let him in.
• Brubeck finally relented
after Desmond agreed
to babysit his kids.
Biography
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• Dave Brubeck Quartet
– Desmond played sax in the quartet
– Became most successful jazz combo of the day
• Played worldwide
• Brubeck & Desmond
became close friends
• Opposite personalities,
but musically attuned.
Biography
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• Personal life
– Well-read, witty, sophisticated
– Many girlfriends, no stable
relationships
– Heavy cigarette & alcohol
addiction
• Succumbed to lung cancer,
age 53.
Biography
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Take Five
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• Famous for 5/4 meter
– Brubeck asked members of his quartet to write
pieces in various meters
• Desmond was assigned 5/4.
• Jazz standard
– Best-selling jazz single
of all time
– Quartet’s most famous
song.
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Take Five
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• Some characteristics
– Melody in blues scale
• C - E♭ - F - G♭ - G - B♭ - C
– Two-chord piano vamp
– Unusual drum part
– It is definitely cool.
Audio file (resume 6:26)