Japan’s Cooperation for Rural WaterJapan’s Cooperation for Rural Water in Senegal and its impact on Gender in Senegal and its impact on Gender
Takeo IshikawaTakeo IshikawaDirectorDirector
Water Resources Management Division II Water Resource and Disaster Management Group
Global Environment Department Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
29 May 2008, Gender and Infrastructure Workshop
TICAD IV side-event
2
Contents
1. Japan’s Cooperation for Rural Water Supply in Senegal
2. Case Study: Impact on gender observed through the four dimensions of societies
3. Conclusion ~ as seen from the case study ~
• 前頁の写真をこちらへ移動下さい。
3
1-1. Status of Rural Water Supply and 1-1. Status of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in SenegalSanitation in Senegal
SenegalSenegal (( 5454 %,%, 3434% % ,, 5.1million 5.1million peoplepeople ))
SourceSource :: The Atlas of The Atlas of WATER 2006WATER 2006
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100
% of population using improved drinkingwater sources (In Sub S Africa):2002
% o
f po
pula
tion
usin
g ad
equa
tesa
nita
tion
faci
litie
s (I
n Su
b S
Afr
ica)
:200
2ZimbabweZimbabwe
NigeriaNigeria
EthiopiaEthiopia
4
PEPTAC Phase2(2007(2007 ~~ 2010)2010)
Site area(Tambacounda etc.)
1-2. Japan’s 1-2. Japan’s Cooperation for Rural Water Supply in SenegalCooperation for Rural Water Supply in Senegal
PEPTAC Phase1(2003(2003 ~~ 20062006 ))
Site area(arid zone: Louga etc.)
Grant Aid CooperationConstruction of Water Pipe NetworkWater Pipe Network with Public water with Public water TapTap Total of 119 facilitiesNo. of Beneficiaries: 300,000 (since1979)
5
Photos of water facilities in construction
1-3. Japan’s 1-3. Japan’s Cooperation for Rural Water Supply in SenegalCooperation for Rural Water Supply in Senegal
6
Activity 2 Activity 3Activity 1Establishing system for the
maintenance of water supply facilities
Activity 4Community Development
Developing capacity of Management Committees
Promoting hygiene and appropriate use of water
Sustainable safe water supply
phase 1 (2003phase 1 (2003 ~~ 20062006 )/ )/ phasephase 2 (20072 (2007 ~~ 2010)2010) 1-4. Technical Cooperation PEPTAC1-4. Technical Cooperation PEPTAC
7Source: Gender and Infrastructure W/S TICAD,Japan,May2008 Concept Note
Type of Impact Sanitation& Hygiene
Potable Water Energy ICT Transport
SocialEmpowerment
Dignity × ×
Equal Voice: Individual, Household, Community
Access to administrative, financial, and technical services
Mobility within or outside the community
×
EconomicEmpowerment
Time Saved Productivity Income ×
Human CapitalDevelopment
Basic Needs
Access to Health Access to Education × Leisure
Risks andVulnerabilities Security
2-1. Case Study of its impact on gender in the light of 2-1. Case Study of its impact on gender in the light of the four the four dimensions dimensions
8
2-2. Influence to Social Empowerment2-2. Influence to Social Empowerment
Type ofImpact
Degree of impact
Specific OutcomeGrant Aid Technical
Cooperation
Dignity Low High
Confidence has been built to do basic repairs by themselves
Women have gained small savings from CDA. This is significant in a traditional rural society.
Equal Voice:Individual,Household,Community
Low High
By regulation, 1/3 or more of the management members are now women
Women has become water managers from just being water users 10% (90s) => 30~ 50% (present)
Access toadministrativ
e,financial, and
Technical
Low Middle70% of the water fee collectors are women
9
2-3. Influence to Economical Empowerment2-3. Influence to Economical Empowerment
Type of ImpactDegree of impact by scheme
Specific OutcomeGrant Aid Technical
Cooperation
Time Saved High LowTime for water collection has been shortened from 5-6 hours to about 2 hours per day. Labor load has also been reduced
Productivity High LowImprovements were seen in raising livestock because of increased water supply
Income Middle LowDiversification of vegetable cultivation were seen because of increase in water supply which became available during dry season
Photo
10
2-4. Influence to Basic Human Capital Development2-4. Influence to Basic Human Capital Development
Type of Impact
Degree of impact
Specific OutcomeGrant Aid
Technical Cooperation
BasicNeeds High Middle
Access to safe water has been secured (for about 300,000 people)
Sustainable operation is secured(shortening of repair period 2years => 5 months)
Accessto Health High High
Cases of diarrhea decreased by 30% with the delivery of safe waterFurther improvement in health achieved through better ways of transporting water and by providing education on sanitary ways of storing water
Access to Educatio
nHigh Middle
Drop-out rate in elementary schools has decreasedSchool enrollment is encouraged through hygiene education in schools
Text book promoting better ways to handle water Photo of a class teaching water and sanitation
11
3. Conclusion3. Conclusion
Grant AidGrant Aid
Technical CooperationTechnical Cooperation
Contribution to Contribution to Economical EmpowermentEconomical Empowerment and Human Capital Development and Human Capital Development
Contribution to Contribution to Social EmpowermentSocial Empowerment
In order to achieve significant impacts in the various dimensions of genderIn order to achieve significant impacts in the various dimensions of gender , it is , it is important to combine both Infrastructure (Grant Aid) and Capacity Development important to combine both Infrastructure (Grant Aid) and Capacity Development (Technical Cooperation) assistance.(Technical Cooperation) assistance.
: Grant Aid
: Technical Cooperation
: Total
Social Empowerment Economic
EmpowermentHuman Capital Development
Dignity
Equal Voice
Access
to servic
es
Mobility
Time Saved
Productiv
ity
Income
Basic Needs
Access
to Health
Access
to Education
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
12
Thank you for your kind attentionThank you for your kind attention
ご静聴ありがとうございますご静聴ありがとうございます