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I.T. supporting older and disabled people:
Prof. Alan Newell, MBE, FRSE,
Applied Computing,
University of Dundee,
Scotland, UK.
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The research portfolio at Dundee University
• Over 30 researchers designing and developing C & IT systems for older and disabled people
• A multi-disciplinary team:Computing EngineeringSocial Work NursingPsychology PhilosophyHistory Mathematics Speech and Language Therapy
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User Sensitive Inclusive Design
• “Sensitive• Lack of truly representative group of users• Difficulties in communication with users• Conflicts of interest between different groups
“Inclusive” • an achievable and appropriate goal.
• “Design”: • More than just guidelines.
Different attitude of mind for designers
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Design for Dynamic Diversity
Systems are needed
which are sensitive to :
• The diversity of the population of older users
• The changing nature, and the rate of change, of their characteristics
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Some Specific projects
• Reminiscence and conversational support
• Fall and gesture recognition• Memory Aids• Design methodologies • Lifestyle modelling• Accessibility
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Support for Dementia
Multi-media software as a cognitive & communication prosthesis– To provide support for accessing long term
memory naturally within a conversational setting
– To facilitate successful reminiscence– To provide conversational
scaffolding
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CIRCA - Computer Interactive Reminiscence and Conversational Aid
• Touch screen technology with simple controls usable by people with dementia
• Gives people with dementia more control over interactions – Songs and Quiz format
particularly successful
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Communication Systems for
non-speaking peopleCommunication systems incorporating
Speech Act prediction using
– The structure of everyday conversations– Scripts to accomplish tasks
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PDA/mobile phone memory aid
• An Interactive device
• Available technology
• Specialised software
• Evaluation in real situations
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Project MemoJog
ProjectProject MemoJogMemoJog -- AimsAims
•• UserUser -- Development of an Development of an interactiveinteractive memory aidmemory aid•• Users more independentUsers more independent•• Reduced workload for carersReduced workload for carers
•• SoftwareSoftware -- UserUser--friendly design (for carers and users)friendly design (for carers and users)
•• Easy to program (staff, carer, and user)Easy to program (staff, carer, and user)
•• Easy to use (user)Easy to use (user)
•• Fun/motivation to use/user acceptanceFun/motivation to use/user acceptance
•• HardwareHardware -- Combine mobile telephony and palmCombine mobile telephony and palm--top top technologytechnology
Reminders
Confirmation
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Advanced sensors for supportive environments
Technical Developments – Gesture recognition– Fall detection
Requirements Gathering: Issues of: – Design processes– Appropriate Technology – Ethics– Acceptability
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Theatrical Techniques for Requirements Gathering
• Iterative development.
• Scenarios written by a professional script writer
• Professional actors and directors produce video sequences
• Videos facilitate interactive discussions with user groups
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Some findings from drama
• Illustrative anecdotes about falling
• Problems/benefits from current systems
Passive system a good idea, but:
• Anxieties– “real video” not wanted (exceptions)
• Communication with carers– Issues of how and when
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Lifestyle modelling
Investigating how deviation from generic and from personal lifestyle models can be used for vulnerable older users to:
– alert care providers – facilitate early intervention
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Methods for alerting care services
• Monitor and Interpret Activity
• Construct :– models for individuals, and – a generic model for a common group
• Detect changes in lifestyle
• Correlate change well being
• Alert care services to change
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UTOPIA
Usable Technology for Older People – Inclusive and Appropriate
Project led by Dundee University, plus– Napier University,– Glasgow University,– University of Abertay Dundee.
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How do we educate designers ?
We need data, but in what form ?
• formal research data,
• guidelines,
• formal and informal case studies.
Are these sufficient ?
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Methodologies
Guidelines on how to involve older people in the development process
• Mutual inspiration – both older person and researcher in a creative mode
• Instantiated by specific projects
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Utopia case study projects
• Older peoples’ characteristics and their relationship with technology
• Games technology and older people
• Artificial companions
• Interface Design
• Accessibility of “Accessibility options”
• Navigation aid outside the home
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Cohort of older people
Requirements gathering by:
• Questionnaires
• Focus groups
• One-to-one in-home visits
• Hands-on facilitated discussions
• Theatrical techniques
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The Digital Media Access Group
• Advice & support on accessibility of – Web sites, and – Other aspects of the digital landscape
A commercial service providing – Audits– Advice, consultancy & guidelines
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Accessibility – e.g.Word processing for dyslexics
Hugh range of individual differences Need for individual & pragmatic solutions
Seeword • Designed with groups of dyslexics• Direct manipulation interface for text size,
font, colour and background colour
Produced improved comprehension and reading comfort
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Accessible systems
Design of portal for older people who are frightened of technology – Email / Communication – Search and navigation
– What can the designer assumeabout the user group
– Appropriate metaphors, icons,organisation
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Some examples from portfolio of research at Dundee
• Over 20 years experience developing I.T. systems for disabled people
• Increasing focus on the challenges of older people
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Queen Mother Research Centre for Information Technology to
support older• Developing technology to meet the
challenges of the ageing population• Supporting other researchers and industry in
responding to the demographic opportunities and challenges
Older people will be integral to the research team
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