Download - Islamic Civilization Arabian Peninsula Mecca Medina Damascus Baghdad Jerusalem Byzantine Empire
Basics of IslamOrigins Beliefs Spread
Prophet: Muhammad
Holy Cities: MeccaMedina
Jerusalem
Deity: Allah (God)
Holy Book: Quran
Moral Code: 5 pillars
Other Holy People: same as Judaism
& Christianity
Where: Northern Africa, Southwest Asia, Southern Spain
When: 600-1200 A.D.
Factors that Enabled Islam to SpreadOver Great Distances Despite Harsh Environments
Islam becomes a
major religion in less than 100 years.
Trade Routes
Nomadic Lifestyle
Weak Neighbors
Trade Routes
Crossroads of Asian,
European, and African land
and sea trade.
Nomadic Lifestyle
Herders and traders
spread the word Weak Neighbors
Persian & Roman Empires had
collapsed and Byzantine
Empire was declining
A Short-Lived EmpireDue to the many internal, political conflicts of the Muslim Empire, its territory did not stay unified for
very long. However, Islamic culture remained a common bond amongst politically divided lands.
Language
Social Structure
• Name: Arabic• Why this language:
language of Quran• Benefits: easier communication and
trade between different cultures
• Levels: 1. Muslims 2. Converted Muslims 3. Jews and Christians 4. Non-Muslims
• Benefits: All areas under Islamic influence had same classes. Rights given to all “People of the Book.”
Jerusalem is conquered by the Muslims.
As “People of the Book”, Jews and
Christians are accepted, not forced
to convert.
Many Jews return to Jerusalem after
being exiled by the Byzantines and
others.
Damascus is conquered
by Muslims.
Historical Turning Points of the Islamic WorldA caliphate is territory ruled by a caliph.
TH
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DAM
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Capital Trade & learning
successorSuccession–
would should be leader
Sunni & Shia
Caliphs spread Islam through
Northern Africa into Spain.
Mongols create the largest
empire in history.
Mongols destroyed Baghdad &
executed the caliph.
Brief Mongol rule. Eventually the Ottoman Turks control much Muslim land.
Historical Turning Points of the Islamic WorldBA
GH
DAD
2nd C
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HAT
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TOU
RS2nd
CAL
IPH
ATE
END
S
Capital Population increases
Trade & learning
FrenchIslam to stop
spreading North
Cultural Achievements of Islamic Civilization Fill in the spaces with detailed information using pages 235, 236, & 246 in your textbook.
MosquePurpose: Prayer hall where Muslims free themselves from worldly concernsFeatures: Most have domes and minarets
Dome of the RockCity: JerusalemLocation in City: Temple Mount
Arabic Alphabet1. 28 letters, not pictures2. Written right to left3. Uniform writing in conquered areas
CalligraphyDefinition: Artistic handwritingPurpose: Preservation of The Koran
Architecture Writing
Intellectual Achievements of Islamic Civilization
Translations
Purpose for translating ancient texts to Arabic: was to preserve the Koran
Universities
Much emphasis on learning because it improved understanding of the Koran
MedicineUsed ancient knowledge and scientific understanding to find new solutions to old problems.
Astronomy & GeographyIncreased trade = more knowledge of land/waterNeed for precise prayer schedules & direction = astronomical advancements
Education Science
Arabic NumeralsAdopted from Indians, including the concept of zero, and later used by Europeans.
Math
AlgebraMuslim scholars discovered many of the basics of Algebra