Download - Islam – submission to God
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Islam – submission to God
• Prophet Muhammad • Mecca – origin of Islam; most holy
city• Ramadan – 9th month on the Hegira,
considered holy• Hegira – Islamic calendar• 1500 years
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Five Pillars of Islam
• One god, Allah• Pray 5 times a day towards Mecca.• Donate wealth to charity.• Ramadan – fast sunrise to sunset.• Hajj to Mecca, once in a life time
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Qur’an (Koran)
• Holy text of Islam• 114 surahs (chapters)• Arabic – language of Islam• Kufic
–earliest of Arabic calligraphy styles
-decorative, seen on the outside and inside of a mosque
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Kufic Script
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Elements of the Mosque
Exterior and Interior Decoration- Allah is beyond all imagining so
there are no paintings or pictures
-arabesques
-intricate designs with sacred text - decorative motif; organic and geometric
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Dome of the Rock
• The Dome of the Rock is decorated using arabesques.– an artistic motif that is characterized by
the application of repeating geometric forms and fancifully combined patterns; these forms often echo those of plants and animals.[1]
– elements of Islamic art used to decorate the walls of mosques that reflect the “infinite, uncentralized, nature of the creation of Allah”.
– conveys spirituality without the iconography of Christian art.
Geometric arabesque tiling on the underside of the dome of the Tomb of Hafez in Shiraz.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabesque
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Islamic Art and Architecture
• Secular art can have an animal or figural image
• However, anything created for sacred purposes cannot have any animal or figural form
• Secular Art– Ceramics, textiles, etc.
• Sacred Art– The Qu’ran, Mosques
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Elements of the Mosque
• Minaret – Slender tower near a mosque
• Used by the muezzin to call out for people to come to prayer
Minaret
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Elements of the Mosque
• Mihrab – Niche indicating Mecca, direction Muslims pray.
• Holiest place in a mosque
• can be of wood or masonry and is adorned with pillars
• decorated
Mihrab
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Elements of the Mosque
• Minbar– Pulpit in a mosque– next to the mihrab– Platform from which
anyone can speak , not just religious leaders
– Speaker never goes to the top step ; reserved for Allah and the Prophet Muhammad
Minbar
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Mosque
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Identify the major structures found in a mosque.
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Dome of the Rock
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Dome of the Rock• This shrine was built in Jerusalem by
the 9th ruler between 688-691.
• Built not only to proclaim the supremacy of Islam, but to ensure that new followers of Islam would not be tempted by Christianity.
• SYMBOLIC STATEMENT!
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Dome of the Rock and Jerusalem
Significance of this site for the following religions:– Judaism
• where Abraham was going to sacrifice his son, Isaac• Stands above the believed location of Solomon's
Temple and Herod’s Temple
– Christianity• Jesus died here
– Islam• Muhammad ascended to Paradise form this rock to
speak to Allah and then returned as Allah’s prophet.
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Dome of the Rock• Why is it so pretty?
– Basic structures: • Columns (different sizes), mirhab
– Details• Full moon decoration on the top (symbolizes crescent
moon symbol of Islam• Turkish tiles on the top (from the restoration in 50s-
60s) and white marble on the bottom. • Arabic inscriptions from the Qur’an.
– Mathematical rhythm.• All dimensions of the center circle are related to the
major structures. – For example: each outer wall is 67 ft. long, which is exactly the
dome’s diameter and exactly its height from the base of the drum.
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Dome of the Rock
• In the next couple of slides, you will see a variety of images of the Dome of the Rock.
• As you look at these images, you need to figure out how the Dome of the Rock is decorated.
• Once you understand how the Dome of the Rock is decorated, you will illustrate the front of this building.
• In your illustration, you need to incorporate the elements and principles of architecture that are used for the decoration of the temple.
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Dome of the Rock (Israel)687-692