Download - Islam
ISLAM Re-cap yesterday’s mosque debate
What was the debate about? What were the two sides of the debate?
What is Islam?
THE MUSLIM WORLD
Emergence of Islam
Teachings of Islam
Achievements in the Muslim World
EMERGENCE OF ISLAM: GEOGRAPHY
Arabian Peninsula (Southwestern Asia)
Today this area is known as Saudi Arabia
EMERGENCE OF ISLAM: GEOGRAPHY What do you see?
Sandstorms
Mostly desert
People settle mostly at or near an oasis
EMERGENCE OF ISLAM: MUHAMMAD Muhammad
Born in 570 B.C.E. in Mecca (site of Hajj today)
At about 40 years old, begins to experience visions
Becomes the prophet of Islam
Message:
“Recite!” “One True God”
Allah
EMERGENCE OF ISLAM: HIJRA Not everyone listened to Muhammad
Mecca at this time was a commercial center Merchants live off of people coming to pray to
the traditional gods and idols Why do you think merchants would have a problem
with Muhammad’s teachings?
Faced with threats of murder, Muhammad and followers leave Mecca for Yathrib This journey is known as the hijra
TEACHINGS OF ISLAM: MONOTHEISM Arabian Peninsula at this time
Clan-based society Worship Gods and idols
Monotheism Very new to area Threatened society
TEACHINGS OF ISLAM: QURAN The Quran
Sacred word of God (through Muhammad) In Arabic, it is the direct and un- changeable word of God All followers learn Arabic
How do you think this has helped unite Muslims from different places?
Ethical teachings Honesty, generosity, social justice Complete guide to living a good life Final authority on all matters
TEACHINGS OF ISLAM: PEOPLE OF THE BOOK Monotheism was not new to everyone
Judaism and Christianity = the People of the BookShared beliefs:• One God• Adam and Eve• Abraham• Word of God
Differences:• Torah and Bible only partial revelation
• God has no son
Muhammad taught tolerance In general, People of the Book enjoy religious freedom
TEACHINGS: FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH Five pillars of Islam are the foundation of Muslim faith
Just as video showed, not all Muslims know all 5
1. Shahadah (The Testimony of Faith) What is a testimony? What does it mean to
testify in court? “la ilaha illa Allah, Muhammadun rasoolu Allah.”
These are the only words you have to say with conviction to become Muslim
There is no God besides Allah None has the right to be worshipped besides him God has no partner God has no son
TEACHINGS: FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH2. Salah (Prayer)
Pray five times a day As many as you can – some more, some
less This brings a direct link between the
worshipper and Allah.
3. Zakat (Charity) Give as much as you can Give of yourself through good deeds
TEACHINGS: FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH4. Saum (Fasting)
During the month of Ramadan all Muslims fast from sunrise until sunset abstaining from food and drink
5. Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca) Travel to Mecca at one time in your life if you can
What do you see?
ACHIEVEMENT Trade Art and Humanities Literature and Writing Mathematics Music Science and Medicine
ACHIEVEMENT: TRADE Trade was an integral part of the Muslim world
Merchants were honored Muhammad was a merchant
Trade Spreads products and technology
Manufacturing Artisans produce wealth of fine goods
Guess what?! Trade = Peace and Prosperity = Innovation
ACHIEVEMENT: TRADE Trade expands
Camel caravans “ships of the desert” Travel the Silk Road
ACHIEVEMENT: ART
Many works of art are rich in history and beauty
Interwoven with beautiful storiesOne Thousand Arabian Nights
Late one night I was suddenly awakened by a rustling noise outside my window. Through a space in the blinds, I saw a large rectangular carpet hovering above the willow tree. I opened the window, and the carpet … What does this remind you of?
ACHIEVEMENT: ARCHITECTURE Mosques
Minarets
ACHIEVEMENT: SCIENCE AND MEDICINE Astronomy
Navigation
Pharmacology
Anatomy
Medical Practices
ACHIEVEMENT: LITERATURE AND WRITING Arabic
Importance to faith
Poetry
Calligraphy
Largest library of time-Baghdad
Knowledge
ACHIEVEMENT: MATH Arabic Numerals
Pioneered the study of algebra
Geometry is vital to Muslim culture
ACHIEVEMENT: MUSIC New instruments
Dancing
Important for prayer services
Songs tell tales and religious teachings
YOUR MISSION! Museum Exhibit
Achievements in the Muslim World Pick 1 category you are interested in Sign up TODAY Research tomorrow and Friday DUE Tuesday, November 30th
Tuesday after Thanksgiving Break
YOUR MISSION! Museum Exhibit Requirements:
One artifact from the Muslim world One paragraph describing the what, where,
when, who, how and WHY WHY question is most important (and is your
reflection): Why was your artifact important in history? Why is your artifact important in our world today?
Museum Exhibit Day Wednesday, December 1
YOUR MISSION! Museum Exhibit
Achievements in the Muslim World Pick 1 category you are interested in Sign up TODAY Research tomorrow and Friday DUE Tuesday, November 30th
Tuesday after Thanksgiving Break
TODAY
5 minute warm-up quiz Questions and answers about the spread
of Islam Sunni-Shi’a Divide Reminder: Museum Exhibits DUE
TOMORROW Reminder: Exam and Study Guide
THURSDAY
5 MINUTE WARM-UP QUIZ1. Where was Muhammad born?
a. Medinab. Oasisc. Meccad. Yathrib
5 MINUTE WARM-UP QUIZ2. Which of the following is NOT a
message that Muhammad preached to his followers?
a. Treat each other well.b. You will be judged by God in the next life.c. There is only one God.d. The poor should be ignored.
5 MINUTE WARM-UP QUIZ3. All of the following are reasons that
Muhammad was seen as a threat to the stability of society in Mecca EXCEPT:
a. His message was embraced by the wealthy.b. His followers were those with little to lose:
the poor, enslaved and women.c. His belief in one God threatened those who
profited from the worship of idols. d. His teachings encouraged equality for all.
ISLAM: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS What happened after Muhammad?
How did the Islamic empire spread?
What were the impacts of the spread?
What is the basis for the Sunni-Shiite divide?
ISLAM AFTER MUHAMMAD What happened after Muhammad?
Muhammad had united Arab tribes
Many worried that Islam would disappear without him
ISLAM AFTER MUHAMMAD What happened after Muhammad?
Abu Bakr Early follower of Muhammad Early convert to Islam Becomes the first caliph “If you worship Muhammad, Muhammad is dead. If
you worship God, God is alive.” Reunites Arab tribes based on allegiance to religion
Spread of Islam into the Islamic empire
ISLAM: EMPIRE How did the Islamic empire spread?
ISLAM: EMPIRE How did the Islamic empire spread? ENTER MAP HERE
ISLAM: EMPIRE How did the Islamic empire spread? ENTER MAP HERE
ISLAM: EMPIRE How did the Islamic empire spread?
Spread happens very quickly…but WHY? Some welcomed as liberators
Generally, non-Muslims allowed to practice own faith Taxation on non-Muslims
Fighting methods
Common faith Message of faith is attractive Five Pillars Language Promise of paradise for falling in battle or jihad
IMPACTS OF THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE What were the impacts of the spread?
Political Sharia Law Division into Sunni, Shiite, Sufi
Social Women – confirmed their spiritual equality Veiling and seclusion – based on Persian and Byzantine traditions of upper-class women
Hijab and Niqab
IMPACTS OF THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE What were the impacts of the spread?
Economic Trade Baghdad’s splendor Abbasid Golden Age
Religion Adopted by many when Christianity is
becoming very powerful Jerusalem and Constantinople
ISLAM: THE SUNNI-SHIITE DIVIDE What is the basis for the Sunni-Shiite divide?
Muhammad dies without leaving a successor
Sunni beliefs: Caliph should be chosen by Muslim leaders Caliph is not a religious authority
Shi’a/Shiite beliefs: Only true successors are descendents of Muhammad’s
daughter and son-in-law Fatima and Ali Divine inspiration of descendants
ISLAM: THE SUNNI-SHIITE DIVIDE What does the divide mean today?
80%-90% of Muslims are Sunni Issues of minority and majority in the
Middle East Violence Political unrest
Example: Iraq
ISLAM: THE SUNNI-SHIITE DIVIDE
Is peace possible for these groups? What are their similarities and differences?