Download - Islam (2 ESO)
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Islam
What is Islam?
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Islam
• Islam is the second largest religion in the world with over 1 billion followers.
• The word 'Islam' in Arabic means submission to the will of God.
• Followers of Islam are called Muslims. • Muslims believe there is one true God Allah
(the Arabic word for God)
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Islam
• Muslims believe that Islam was revealed over 1400 years ago in Mecca, Arabia through a man called Muhammed.
• Muhammed is believed by Muslims to be the last prophet sent by God (Allah).
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The Origin of Islam
• Islam originated on the Arabian Peninsula, a land which is mostly a huge desert.
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Main tribes and settlements of Arabia in Muhammad's lifetime
At that time (the 6th century), the interior of the Arabian Peninsula was inhabited by tribes of polytheistic Arab nomads.
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The main cities of Yathrib (Medina) and Mecca were in the western part and they were crossroads for the merchant caravans coming for the Far East.
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Muhammed
• Muhammed, the Islamic prophet, was born in Mecca around the year 570.
• Muhammed’s teachings were written down in the Koran, the Muslim’s sacred book, which contains Allah’s words to Muhammed.
• The Koran has 114 chapters called suras, written in Arabic.
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A folio from an early Koran, written in Kufic script (Abbasid period, 8th–9th century).
11th-century North African Koran in the British Museum
Koran inscriptions on Bara Gumbad mosque wall, Lodhi Gardens, Delhi, India.
Typical glass and enamel mosque lamp with the Ayat an- Nur or "Verse of Light”
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The five pillars of Islam
• The Koran contains the five obligations of all Muslims believers, which are called the pillars of Islam.
• They are as follows:– Belief (Shahada)– Praying five times a day (Salat)– Charity (Zakah)– Fasting (Sawm)– a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a
lifetime(Hajj)
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• Belief (Shahada): the declaration of faith. Muslims believe that it’s only one God (Allah) and Muhammed is his prophet.
• Praying five times a day (Salat). Muslims pray at dawn, mid-day, late afternoon, sunset and at night, just before bed.
The five pillars of Islam
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The Mosque
• Muslims worship in a building called a Mosque.
• On Friday at noon, the most important of the weekly services is held.
• When Muslims pray, they must always face Mecca.
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The expansion of Islam
Age of the Caliphs
Expansion under the Prophet Muhammed, 622-632
Expansion during the Patriarchal Caliphate, 632-661
Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate, 661-750