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ISAS and International collaboration
IAU Focus meeting 11 Hawaii, 6-7 August 2015
Saku Tsuneta Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
2006年3月16日 プロジェクトマネジメント学会講演 2
観測ロケットの開発チーム
Importance of International collaboration from personal perspective
Soft X-ray telescope for Yohkoh (1991) Palo Alto 1989
Sky & Telescope
Hinode refereed papers: 810 papers for 7 years Immediate release of just-taken data
with analysis software & latest calibration info.
p Approx.90-120 papers per year p Data used by 23 countries p Top US, Second Japan, third UK p One-third of papers come from US p Same contribution from Asia, US, Europe
Curator: Dr. Shimojo (NAOJ)
Whole Asia
Whole Europe
HAYABUSA 2003-2010 Asteroid Explorer
AKARI(ASTRO-F)2006-2011 Infrared Astronomy
KAGUYA(SELENE)2007-2009 Lunar Exploration
SUZAKU(ASTRO-E2)2005- X-Ray Astronomy
M-V Rocket
AKATSUKI 2010- Venus Meteorogy
Hisaki 2013 Planetary atmosphere
HINODE(SOLAR-B)2006- Solar Observation
IKAROS 2010 Solar Sail
JAXA recent science missions
HAYABUSA2 2014-2020 Asteroid Explorer
Number of Referred Papers Satellite Objective Start of
Operation End of
Operation Counting
Period Number
AKATSUKI Venus Atmosphere 2010 operating 2011-2012 8
KAGUYA Lunar Exploration 2007 2009 2008-2012 190
HINODE Sun 2006 operating 2007-2012 844
AKARI Infrared Astronomy 2006 2011 2007-2012 222
SUZAKU X-ray Astronomy 2005 operating 2006-2012 681
HAYABUSA Asteroid Sample Return 2003 2010 2004-2012 129
NOZOMI Mars Orbitor 1998 2003 1999-2012 26
HALCA Space VLBI 1997 2005 1998-2012 44
ASCA X-ray Astronomy 1993 2002 1994-2012 2287
GEOTAIL Magnetosphere 1992 operating 1993-2012 1236
YOHKOH Sun 1991 2000 1992-2012 1089
<reference>
Subaru Telescope
Ground based 1999 operating 2000-2012 1031
Red: JAXA-led mission with major NASA participation
AKATSUKI(PLANET-C) – 2010- Venus Meteorogy ESA Bepi-Colombo 2017
ERG 2015- Van Allen belt
ERG 2016 Van Allen belt
M-V Rocket
HAYABUSA2 2014 Asteroid sample&return
SPICA 2025- Infrared Astronomy
ASTRO-H 2016 X-Ray Astronomy
ESA JUICE 2024 Jupiter Icy moons
High-cadence Low-cost
focused missions 2022, 2024….
ESA JUICE 2022 Jupiter Icy moons
SPICA 2027 IR Astronomy
SLIM 2020 Moon landing
Phobos/Deimos Sample Return 2022
LiteBird 2025 CMB polarization (preliminary)
JAXA missions under development/being considered
SLIM
ISAS/JAXA mission categories
Strategic Large Missions (300M$ class) for JAXA-led flagship science mission with HIIA vehicle (3 in ten years)
Space Policy Commission under cabinet office intends to guarantee predetermined steady annual budget for space
science and exploration for ISAS/JAXA to maintain its excellent scientific activities
Competitively-chosen medium-sized focused missions (<150M$ class) with Epsilon rocket (every 2 year)
Missions of opportunity (10M$ per year) for foreign agency-led mission, sounding rocket, ISS
SPICA
JUICE
#4, #5 AO
ERG
Phobos/Deimos LiteBird (preliminary)
ATHENA
2010 2020 2030
Hisaki(2013)
SPICA (2027-28)
Future ISAS science missions
BepiColombo (ESA, 2016)
SLIM(2020) #4 (2022) #5(2024)
ERG (2016)
Astro-H (2016)
JUICE (ESA, 2022)
ATHENA(ESA, 2028) WFIRST(NASA, 2025)
Strategic L-class (3 missions /10 yrs) w/ HII-A and H3
Competitive M-class (1 mission/2 yrs) w/ Epsilon
S-class Foreign agency-led mission
Phobos/Deimos (2022) LiteBird (2025) preliminary
ISAS Astrophysics and fundamental physics 2020s Lead cryogenic astrophysics missions
9
Hot and Energetic Universe
Reds
hift
(z)
Wavelength (m) 10-12-10-8 m 10-5-10-4 m 10-3-10-2 m
z=0.5
z=3
z>>10
Galaxy Evolution Formation of Solar Systems
SPICA(ESA-led)
ATHENA(ESA-led) LiteBIRD (JAXA-led)
Cosmic Microwave Background and Inflation
(X-ray) (IR) (Milli-wave)
BepiColombo MMO(ESA-led)
Phobos/Deimos Sample Return (JAXA-led)
Asteroid Sample Return Hayabusa, Hayabusa2 (JAXA-led)
JUICE (ESA -led)
10
SLIM Moon landing (JAXA-led)
ISAS Planetary science 2020s Lead sample & return
Hayabusa 2 mission
1/5
falcon
hayabusa
Hayabusa2-OSIRIS-REx collaboration in operation
Hayabusa 2 mission
1/5
falcon
hayabusa
Hayabusa2-OSIRIS-REx collaboration in operation
ISAS/JAXA HAYABUSA2 mission • Launched: 2014, arrival:2018, departure: 2019,
return: 2020 • Target: 1999 JU3 NASA OSIRIS-Rex mission • Launch: 2016, arrival:2018, departure: 2021, return: 2023 • Target: 101955 BENNU Sample & return is regarded as a high-risk mission and the collaboration including sample-exchange serves as
a means for insurance for both science teams.
Fiscal Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Operating / C
oncluded
Under D
evelopment S
ounding
B
eing considered
R
ocket
ASTRO-EII(SUZAKU)’05
GEOTAIL’92
SOLAR-B(HINODE)’06
MUSES-C(HAYABUSA)’03
ASTRO-H ’15
ASTRO-H
HAYABUSA SUZAKU
HINODE
Daytime Dynamo ’11,’13 ▼ ▼ CLASP ’15 ▼
MMS ’14 ▼
Space Science Cooperation with NASA and ESA
ASTRO-F(AKARI)’05
PLANET-C(AKATSUKI) ’10
BepiColombo ’16
SPICA ’25
JUICE ’22
▼
SPICA
Bepi Colombo
cooperation with NASA cooperation with ESA
HAYABUSA2 ’14 ▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
A Sounding Rocket Experiment Chromospheric Lyman-Alpha Spectro-Polarimeter (CLASP) to infer
magnetic fields in the solar transition zone
NAOJ/MSFC 2015 This autumn
TMT 30m (2021)
ALMA
Similarity and difference between ground and space
• Equal partnership: No lead agency in ground-based programs?
• Japan is always invited to large ground-based programs.
• Budgetary difference is smaller in ground-based programs.
US decadal process and international collaboration
• Are international missions less competitive or visible in the US decadal prioritization process simply due to not-enough advocacy for those missions?
• Is NASA not afforded the flexibility to take advantage of these international partnerships due to the strong adherence to the priorities listed in the Decadal Survey?
• International collaboration is vitally important for ISAS/JAXA. Smaller agency like ISAS has larger dependence on international collaboration, and is more vulnerable.
Summary • We do complex international collaboration for
the sake of the maximum science. • International collaboration is essential for JAXA-
led L and M class missions . ISAS/JAXA is eager to participate in the NASA-led and ESA-led large missions that JAXA cannot afford.
• Similar missions are usually proposed to NASA, ESA and ISAS/JAXA almost simultaneously, meaning a lot of redundancy. Early and careful agency-level dialog is important not to kill a science discipline on the continent and not to waste young people’s efforts.