Download - IP Switching for Scalable IP Services Hassan M. Ahmed Ross Callon Andrew G. Malis Hohn Moy
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IP Switching for Scalable IP ServicesHassan M. Ahmed
Ross CallonAndrew G. Malis
Hohn Moy
Presented by Gao, YunShih, Pei-ShinWei, ShuGuang
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OUTLINE Background Review & Motivation The Overlay Model: Classical IP
over ATM IP Switching IP Navigator Conclusion
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Background Review & Motivation Hop-by hop routing
Simplicity Hierarchical Routing, easy to scaling Difficult to implement Traffic
Engineering (Bandwidth Management) & QoS
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Background Review & Motivation (Continued) Switched Core
Achieve a form of Traffic Engineering VC’s allows Explicit Routing to be used
efficiently Isolate the internal routing from
changes of the Internet’s routing algorithms
Integration of Datagram and Circuit Technologies
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The Overlay Model: Classical IP over ATM IP vs. ATM
Connectionless (IP) vs. connection oriented (ATM)
Packets (IP) vs. cells (ATM) Broadcast LAN’s (IP) vs. point-to-point
connections (ATM)
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The Overlay Model: Classical IP over ATM (Continued) ATM Address Resolution Protocol
(ATMARP) Logical IP subnet (LIS) Independent Routing Protocols
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Host A
Host B
Router 1
Router 2
LIS 1
LIS 2 LIS 3
Host C
Host A
Host B
Router 1
Router 2
LIS 1
LIS 2 LIS 3
Host C
Multiple IP LIS’s on one ATM network Connection between Hosts A and B
ATMSVC
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The Overlay Model: Classical IP over ATM (Continued) Logical IP subnet (LIS)
IP stations (hosts & routers) in the same LIS communicate directly via ATM SVC’s or PVC’s
IP stations in different LIS’s must intercommunicate via a router
Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) Query / Response Model
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Host A
Host B
Router 1
Router 2
LIS 1
LIS 2 LIS 3
Host C
Host A
Host B
Router 1
Router 2
LIS 1LIS 2 LIS 3
Host CATMSVC
Direct Connection between Hosts A and C (NHRP)Connection between Hosts A and C
ATMSVC
ATMSVC
ATMSVC
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The Overlay Model: Classical IP over ATM (Continued)
Scaling Problem Total number of logical links that are
advertised between the n ATM-attached routers equals
2)1(* nn
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IP Switching Eliminating scaling problems by
running the IP routing protocol on switches as well as routers
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IP Navigator1. A particular IP switching
implementation2. Developed by Cascade
Communication Corporation
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IP Navigator (Continued) Makes a “cloud” of Cascade
switches, frame relay, or ATM Appears externally to be a
collection of IP routers
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A
FE
D
C
B
I
G
H
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IP Navigator (Continued) Two routing instances are running
inside the “cloud” Uses standard IP routing (OSPF)
within the core to exchange routing information
A VC routing protocol is running between switches, allowing them to build up point-to-point and point-to-multipoint VC’s
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IP Navigator (Continued) Each router pre-establishes a VC to
each potential egress (i.e. to every other router in the area) Build point-to-multipoint (PMT) tree
rooted at each egress Traffic travels in reversed direction
VC’s used by IP Navigator are set up in response to routing packets and are automatically re-established as necessary
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IP Navigator (Continued) Multicast Similar to unicast Standard IP multicast protocol are
spoken at the edge of the cloud Multicast information is
redistributed throughout the cloud using OSPF
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A
FE
D
C
B
I
G
H
Example of multipoint-to-point tree (MPT)
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QoS and Traffic Engineering VC routing is based on dynamic
routing algorithm Explicit routing allows
1. Crankback and retry2. Optimization of the combined path
for multiple VC’s
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QoS and Traffic Engineering (Continued) IP Navigator allows QoS support to
be based on a range of coarse through fine granularity Traditional “best efforts” IP service Separates IP traffic into a small
number of classes and open separate MPT’s for each class
First Class Economy Class
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Conclusions IP Navigator integrates the
transport of connectionless IP traffic over connection-oriented switched data networks
Better scaling properties and inherent simplicity from IP
Higher performance of forwarding packets (VC’s)
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