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Ionic BondingIonic Bonding
Chap. 8Chap. 8Chap. 8Chap. 8
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I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon
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A.A. Why become an ion?Why become an ion?
I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon
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A.A. Why become an ion?Why become an ion?
B.B. This process is called _____This process is called _____
I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon
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I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon
II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions
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A.A. Electron Config./Orbital Electron Config./Orbital DiagramDiagram
I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon
II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions
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A.A. Electron Config./Orbital Electron Config./Orbital DiagramDiagram
B.B. Bohr’s ModelBohr’s Model
I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon
II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions
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A.A. Electron Config./Orbital Electron Config./Orbital DiagramDiagram
B.B. Bohr’s ModelBohr’s Model
C.C. Dot DiagramsDot Diagrams
I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon
II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions
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A.A. Electron Config./Orbital Electron Config./Orbital DiagramDiagram
B.B. Bohr’s ModelBohr’s Model
C.C. Dot DiagramsDot Diagrams
D.D. EquationEquation
I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon
II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions
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I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon
II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions
III.III. Negative IonsNegative Ions
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I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon
II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions
III.III. Negative IonsNegative IonsA.A. Electron Config./Orbital Electron Config./Orbital
DiagramDiagram
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I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon
II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions
III.III. Negative IonsNegative IonsA.A. Electron Config./Orbital Electron Config./Orbital
DiagramDiagram
B.B. Bohr’s ModelBohr’s Model
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I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon
II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions
III.III. Negative IonsNegative IonsA.A. Electron Config./Orbital Electron Config./Orbital
DiagramDiagram
B.B. Bohr’s ModelBohr’s Model
C.C. Dot DiagramsDot Diagrams
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I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon
II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions
III.III. Negative IonsNegative IonsA.A. Electron Config./Orbital Electron Config./Orbital
DiagramDiagram
B.B. Bohr’s ModelBohr’s Model
C.C. Dot DiagramsDot Diagrams
D.D. EquationEquation
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I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon
II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions
III.III. Negative IonsNegative Ions
IV.IV. Charges of IonsCharges of Ions
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I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon
II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions
III.III. Negative IonsNegative Ions
IV.IV. Charges of IonsCharges of IonsA.A. Monatomic anionsMonatomic anions
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I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon
II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions
III.III. Negative IonsNegative Ions
IV.IV. Charges of IonsCharges of IonsA.A. Monatomic anionsMonatomic anions
B.B. Monatomic cationsMonatomic cations
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I.I. When an Atom becomes an When an Atom becomes an IonIon
II.II. Positive IonsPositive Ions
III.III. Negative IonsNegative Ions
IV.IV. Charges of IonsCharges of IonsA.A. Monatomic anionsMonatomic anions
B.B. Monatomic cationsMonatomic cations
C.C. Polyatomic ionsPolyatomic ions
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Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions
nitratenitrate phosphatephosphate
hydroxidehydroxide cyanidecyanide
carbonatecarbonate bicarbonatebicarbonate
chloratechlorate acetateacetate
sulfatesulfate bisulfatebisulfate
chromatechromate ammoniumammonium
know your ionsknow your ions
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V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
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A.A. Ionic BondIonic Bond
Generally forms between a Generally forms between a metal and non-metalmetal and non-metal
V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
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Ionic BondIonic Bond
Electrostatic force that holds ions together.Electrostatic force that holds ions together.
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A.A. Ionic BondIonic Bond
B.B. Classifying Ionic CompoundsClassifying Ionic Compounds
V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
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A.A. Ionic BondIonic Bond
B.B. Classifying Ionic CompoundsClassifying Ionic Compounds
1.1. oxidesoxides
Compound made of a metal Compound made of a metal and oxygenand oxygen
V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
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A.A. Ionic BondIonic Bond
B.B. Classifying Ionic CompoundsClassifying Ionic Compounds
1.1. oxidesoxides
2.2. saltssalts
An ionic compound formed An ionic compound formed when an acid reacts with a basewhen an acid reacts with a base
V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
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A.A. Ionic BondIonic Bond
B.B. Classifying Ionic CompoundsClassifying Ionic Compounds
C.C. How they formHow they form
V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
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A.A. Ionic BondIonic Bond
B.B. Classifying Ionic CompoundsClassifying Ionic Compounds
C.C. How they formHow they form1.1. The metal atom loses electron(s)The metal atom loses electron(s)
V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
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A.A. Ionic BondIonic Bond
B.B. Classifying Ionic CompoundsClassifying Ionic Compounds
C.C. How they formHow they form1.1. The metal atom loses electron(s)The metal atom loses electron(s)
2.2. The non-metal gains electron(s)The non-metal gains electron(s)
V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
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A.A. Ionic BondIonic Bond
B.B. Classifying Ionic CompoundsClassifying Ionic Compounds
C.C. How they formHow they form1.1. The metal atom loses electron(s)The metal atom loses electron(s)
2.2. The non-metal gains electron(s)The non-metal gains electron(s)
3.3. The ions are attractedThe ions are attracted
V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
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D.D. PropertiesPropertiesV.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
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D.D. PropertiesProperties1.1. Form repeating organized Form repeating organized
structurestructure
V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
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D.D. PropertiesProperties1.1. Form repeating organized Form repeating organized
structurestructure
2.2. High M.P. & B.P. because of High M.P. & B.P. because of strong bondsstrong bonds
The stronger the bonds, the _____ the The stronger the bonds, the _____ the melting pointmelting point
V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
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D.D. PropertiesProperties1.1. Form repeating organized Form repeating organized
structurestructure
2.2. High M.P. & B.P. because of High M.P. & B.P. because of strong bondsstrong bonds
3.3. Hard and brittleHard and brittle
V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
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D.D. PropertiesProperties1.1. Form repeating organized Form repeating organized
structurestructure
2.2. High M.P. & B.P. because of High M.P. & B.P. because of strong bondsstrong bonds
3.3. Hard and brittleHard and brittle
4.4. Many dissolve in waterMany dissolve in water
V.V. Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
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VI.VI. Formulas for Ionic Formulas for Ionic CompoundsCompounds
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A.A. Written for a formula Written for a formula unit.unit.
VI.VI. Formulas for Ionic Formulas for Ionic CompoundsCompounds
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Formula UnitFormula Unit
Simplest ratio of ionsSimplest ratio of ions
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A.A. Written for a formula Written for a formula unit.unit.
B.B. They are always neutralThey are always neutral
VI.VI. Formulas for Ionic Formulas for Ionic CompoundsCompounds
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A.A. Written for a formula Written for a formula unit.unit.
B.B. They are always neutralThey are always neutral
C.C. Predicting charge of ionsPredicting charge of ions
VI.VI. Formulas for Ionic Formulas for Ionic CompoundsCompounds
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Predicting charge of ionsPredicting charge of ions
1.1. for monatomic ions = oxidation #for monatomic ions = oxidation #
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Predicting charge of ionsPredicting charge of ions
1.1. for monatomic ions = oxidation #for monatomic ions = oxidation #
2.2. for transition metals there may for transition metals there may be more than one.be more than one.
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Predicting charge of ionsPredicting charge of ions
1.1. for monatomic ions = oxidation #for monatomic ions = oxidation #
2.2. for transition metals there may for transition metals there may be more than one.be more than one.
3.3. for polyatomic ions you must for polyatomic ions you must memorize the chargememorize the charge
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A.A. Written for a formula Written for a formula unit.unit.
B.B. They are always neutralThey are always neutral
C.C. Predicting charge of ionsPredicting charge of ions
D.D. ExamplesExamples
VI.VI. Formulas for Ionic Formulas for Ionic CompoundsCompounds
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Compounds containing Compounds containing Monatomic ionsMonatomic ions
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Compounds containing Compounds containing MonatomicMonatomic ions ions
Potassium and brominePotassium and bromine
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Compounds containing Compounds containing MonatomicMonatomic ions ions
Potassium and brominePotassium and bromine
Calcium and oxygenCalcium and oxygen
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Compounds containing Compounds containing MonatomicMonatomic ions ions
Potassium and brominePotassium and bromine
Calcium and oxygenCalcium and oxygen
Sodium and sulfurSodium and sulfur
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Compounds containing Compounds containing MonatomicMonatomic ions ions
Potassium and brominePotassium and bromine
Calcium and oxygenCalcium and oxygen
Sodium and sulfurSodium and sulfur
Aluminum and oxygenAluminum and oxygen
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Compounds containing Compounds containing PolyatomicPolyatomic Ions Ions
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Compounds containing Compounds containing PolyatomicPolyatomic Ions Ions
Calcium nitrateCalcium nitrate
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Compounds containing Compounds containing PolyatomicPolyatomic Ions Ions
Calcium nitrateCalcium nitrate
Sodium sulfateSodium sulfate
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Compounds containing Compounds containing PolyatomicPolyatomic Ions Ions
Calcium nitrateCalcium nitrate
Sodium sulfateSodium sulfate
Ammonium carbonateAmmonium carbonate
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Compounds containing Compounds containing PolyatomicPolyatomic Ions Ions
Calcium nitrateCalcium nitrate
Sodium sulfateSodium sulfate
Ammonium carbonateAmmonium carbonate
Barium hydroxideBarium hydroxide
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VII.VII. Naming Ionic Naming Ionic CompoundsCompounds
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A.A. Binary CompoundsBinary Compounds
VII.VII. Naming Ionic Naming Ionic CompoundsCompounds
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Binary CompoundsBinary Compounds
Compounds made of two elementsCompounds made of two elements
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Naming binary compoundsNaming binary compounds
Name the cation (same as element Name the cation (same as element name)name)
Name the anion (ends with –ide)Name the anion (ends with –ide)
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A.A. Binary CompoundsBinary Compounds
B.B. Compounds containing Compounds containing Polyatomic ionsPolyatomic ions
VII.VII. Naming Ionic Naming Ionic CompoundsCompounds
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Naming Compounds with Naming Compounds with Polyatomic ionsPolyatomic ions
Name the cation Name the cation
Name the anionName the anion
Know your polyatomic ions !!!Know your polyatomic ions !!!
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A.A. Binary CompoundsBinary Compounds
B.B. Compounds containing Compounds containing Polyatomic ionsPolyatomic ions
C.C. Compounds containing Compounds containing cations with more than cations with more than one oxidation state (often one oxidation state (often transition metals)transition metals)
VII.VII. Naming Ionic Naming Ionic CompoundsCompounds
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Naming Type II Naming Type II CompoundsCompounds
Name the cation. Use a roman Name the cation. Use a roman numeral to specify oxidation statenumeral to specify oxidation state
Name the anionName the anion
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VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals
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A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic BondingVIII.VIII. MetalsMetals
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1.1. they form latticesthey form latticesA.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding
VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals
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1.1. they form latticesthey form lattices
2.2. electrons in one metal electrons in one metal overlap electrons in anotheroverlap electrons in another
A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic BondingVIII.VIII. MetalsMetals
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1.1. they form latticesthey form lattices
2.2. electrons in one metal electrons in one metal overlap electrons in anotheroverlap electrons in another
3.3. outer electrons are outer electrons are delocalized (free to move)delocalized (free to move)
A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic BondingVIII.VIII. MetalsMetals
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A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding
B.B. PropertiesProperties
VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals
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A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding
B.B. PropertiesProperties
1.1. high m.p./b.p.high m.p./b.p.
VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals
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A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding
B.B. PropertiesProperties
1.1. high m.p./b.p.high m.p./b.p.
2.2. malleable and ductilemalleable and ductile
Malleable = hammered into sheetsMalleable = hammered into sheets
Ductile = pulled in wiresDuctile = pulled in wires
VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals
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A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding
B.B. PropertiesProperties
1.1. high m.p./b.p.high m.p./b.p.
2.2. malleable and ductilemalleable and ductile
3.3. good conductorsgood conductors
VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals
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A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding
B.B. PropertiesProperties
1.1. high m.p./b.p.high m.p./b.p.
2.2. malleable and ductilemalleable and ductile
3.3. good conductorsgood conductors
4.4. shiny (lustrous)shiny (lustrous)
VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals
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A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding
B.B. PropertiesProperties
C.C. AlloysAlloys
A chemical combination of two metalsA chemical combination of two metals
VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals
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A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding
B.B. PropertiesProperties
C.C. AlloysAlloys1.1. substitutionalsubstitutional
One metal atom is substituted with a One metal atom is substituted with a different atomdifferent atom
VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals
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A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding
B.B. PropertiesProperties
C.C. AlloysAlloys1.1. substitutionalsubstitutional
2.2. interstitialinterstitial
A second type of metal atom fills in A second type of metal atom fills in holes between other metal atomsholes between other metal atoms
VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals
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A.A. Metallic BondingMetallic Bonding
B.B. PropertiesProperties
C.C. AlloysAlloys1.1. substitutionalsubstitutional
2.2. interstitialinterstitial
3.3. examplesexamples
VIII.VIII. MetalsMetals
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The EndThe End