Download - Introduction to Sustainability for Teachers
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Introduction to Sustainability for Teachers
Dr. Defne [email protected]
Department of Civil EngineeringUniversity of Toledo
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Outline
• Why do we care about sustainability
• What is sustainability
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Humans’ Impact on Earth: A Disaster is Brewing
• Pollution
• Climate change
• Water supplies
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Global Warming
• What are the implications?
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America’s Infrastructure Report Card
Category 2005 2001 1998 1988
Drinking Water D- D D B-
Hazardous Waste D D+ D- D
Roads D D+ D- C+
Schools D D- F n/a
Solid Waste C+ C+ C- C-
Wastewater D- D D+ C
A = ExceptionalB = Good
C = MediocreD = Poor
F = FailingI = Incomplete
http://www.asce.org/reportcard/2005/page.cfm?id=103
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Year Drinking Water Wastewater
1988 B- C
1998 D D+
2001 D D
2005 D- D-
2009 D- D-
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Are we heading to a disaster?
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Biodiversity
• Evolution of species and extinction of others is a natural process
• Species present today represent 2-4 % of all species that have ever lived
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Biodiversity• 4-6 million species on earth (Novotny et al.
2002. Nature 416: 841–844)
• Between 2000-2050– 1 species will be extinct every 44 minutes (low)– 1 species will be extinct every 9 minutes (high)
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Humans have increased extinction rates by 1000 times
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Indicators of Environmental Health• 50 % of 6,000 amphibian species threatened with
extinction
• 165 species already gone extinct
• Habitat destruction, contaminants, climate change
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Collapse of CivilizationsHistorical factors:• Deforestation and habitat destruction • Soil problems (erosion, salinization, and soil fertility losses) • Water management problems • Overfishing • Effects of introduced species on native species • Human population growth • Increased per-capita impact of people New factors:• Human-caused climate change • Buildup of toxic chemicals in the environment • Energy shortages
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Paul Hawken, Blessed Unrest
• if you look at the science that describes what is happening on earth today and aren't pessimistic, you don't have the current data. If you meet the people in this unnamed movement and aren't optimistic, you haven't got a heart
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A Revolution Has Begun…
1. Similar intentions and objectives
2. Large and diverse
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93He4cE95o4
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Engineers play a crucial role in improving living standards throughout the world. As a result, engineers
can have a significant impact on progress towards sustainable development
World Federation of Engineering Organizations
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Beginning of environmental movement…
Images are from www.rachelcarson.org 1907-1964
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1972: Finite Earth…
• Computer modeling that predicted the overshoot
• “We... believe that if a profound correction is not made soon, a crash of some sort is certain. And it will occur within the lifetimes of many who are alive today."
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Demand versus World Biocapacity
(www.footprintnetwork.org)
Global overshoot: humanity's demand on nature exceeds the biosphere's supply
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Defne Apul’s Ecological Footprint
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History…
• 1962: Silent Spring• 1972: Limits to growth• 1987: Our common future (Brundtland
Commission report)• 1992: Earth Summit (Rio de Janeiro)
– Agenda 21
• 2002: World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg)– Millenium development goals
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Birth of Sustainability
Brundtland (1987) Our Common Future“development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”
More than 350 published definitions
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Federal Definition of Sustainability
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Definition of Sustainability
Three E’s:
ecology/environment
economy/employment
equity/equality
Economic Social
Environmental
Sustainability
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Or should it be this model?
• Stop and discuss within groups
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Sustainability issues that will affect the next generation
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Population
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Ways of Dealing with Environmental Problems
Taken from Davidson et al. (2007) available at: http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/journals/esthag/41/i14/html/071507viewpoint_davidson.html
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Water Scarcity
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US Government Accountability Office 2003 Survey Results
(GAO – 03-514)
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Energy and Climate
Source: http://www.ipcc.ch
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Toxic Chemicals
• Traditional Contaminants– Metals (Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu), PCB, DDT, benzene
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Road Runoff Sampling
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New Findings…
• Traditional Contaminants– Metals (Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu), PCB, DDT, benzene
• Emerging Contaminants– Fire retardants (PBDE)– Hormones– Prescription and over-the counter therapeutic drugs – Fragrances– Cosmetics
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Finite Resources
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Companies getting on board with the sustainability revolution…
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Triple Bottom Line At Companies
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Buckeye Cable:
Channel 204
DirectTV:
Channel 286
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Sustainability in Ohio
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What Does All this Mean to Scientists and Engineers?
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Traditional SustainableChemistryMathMicrobiologyHydrologyEngineering design
ChemistryMathMicrobiologyHydrologyEcologyEngineering design
EconomicsSociology PoliticsTechnologyBusiness
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We need to think in greater temporal and spatial scales
Taken from Mihelcic et al. (2003)
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Our designs should work with nature, not against nature
Treatment wetlands
Soil bioengineering
Industrial ecology
Restoration ecology
Biomimicry: Asknature.org
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Traditional SustainableEconomicsSociety PoliticsTechnologyBusiness
ChemistryMathMicrobiologyHydrologyEcologyEngineering design
ChemistryMathMicrobiologyHydrologyEcologyEngineering design
Linear thinking
Reductionist approach
Near future
Regional analysis
Non-linear thinking
Holistic approach
Future generations
Global analysis
The problems that exist in the world today cannot be solved by the level of thinking that created them. Einstein
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Remaking the Way We Make Things
• Being less bad is no good
• Circulated infinitely in industrial cycles ... without loss of quality or damage to our environment or ourselves
• Downcycling
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Pessimistic or Optimistic
• Pessimistic: All the science and engineering facts
• Optimistic: All the grassroots movements– LEED, Engineers Without Borders,
companies, governments, shift in paradigm in engineering and other education
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• Thank you