Download - Introduction to Routing IPv6 Rick Graziani Computer Networking Instructor Cabrillo College
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Introduction to Routing IPv6
Rick GrazianiComputer Networking InstructorCabrillo College
IPv6: The ProtocolReview from Introduction to IPv6
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Many important differences including:
Larger Address Space
Use of Neighbor Discovery Protocol for discovery of prefix, prefix length, default gateway, duplicate address detection, and MAC address resolution.
Automatic address configuration without using DHCP (DHCPv6 is still an option)
No en route fragmentation: only the source node can fragment
Increased default MTU
Fragment OffsetFlags
Total LengthType of ServiceIHL
PaddingOptionsDestination Address
Source Address
Header ChecksumProtocolTime to Live
Identification
Version
Next Header Hop Limit
Flow LabelTraffic Class
Destination Address
Source Address
Payload Length
Version
Field’s Name Kept from IPv4 to IPv6Fields Not Kept in IPv6
Name and Position Changed in IPv6New Field in IPv6Le
gend
IPv4 IPv6
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IPv6 Address Notation
128-bit IPv6 addresses are represented in:
Eight 16-bit segments
Hexadecimal (non-case sensitive) between 0000 and FFFF
Separated by colons
Example:
3ffe:1944:0100:000a:0000:00bc:2500:0d0b
One Hex digit = 4 bits
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Rule 1: Leading 0’s Two rules for reducing the size of written IPv6 addresses.
The first rule is:
The leading zeroes in any 16-bit segment do not have to be written.
Example
3ffe : 1944 : 0100 : 000a : 0000 : 00bc : 2500 : 0d0b
3ffe : 1944 : 100 : a : 0 : bc : 2500 : d0b
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Rule 2: Double colon :: equals 0000…0000 The second rule can reduce this address even further:
Any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit segments consisting of all zeroes can be represented with a double colon.
ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0005
ff02 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 5
ff02 : : 5
ff02::5
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Network Prefixes IPv4, the prefix—the network portion of the address—can be identified
by a dotted decimal netmask or bitcount.
255.255.255.0 or /24
IPv6 prefixes are always identified by bitcount (prefix length).
Prefix length notation:
3ffe:1944:100:a::/64
16 32 48 64 bits
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All 0’s IPv6 Address
All zeroes IPv6 address can be written with a double colon :: There are two cases where an all-zeroes address is used.
1. Default address, address is all zeroes and the prefix length is zero:
::/0
2. Unspecified address, which is used in some Neighbor Discovery Protocol procedures (later).
An unspecified address is a filler, indicating the absence of a real IPv6 address.
When writing an unspecified address, it is differentiated from a default address by its prefix length:
::/128
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IPv6 Loopback Address
Equivalent to 127.0.0.1 in IPv4
This address is used when a host talks to itself.
Loopback or Local Host Address
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1/128
or
::1/128
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Interface Identifiers in IPv6 Addresses
In IPv6, a link is a network medium over which network nodes communicate using the link layer.
Interface identifiers (IDs) in IPv6 addresses:
Used to identify a unique interface on a link
Thought of as the “host portion” of an IPv6 address.
64 bits: To support both 48 bit and 64 bit IEEE MAC addresses
Required to be unique on a link
Subnets using auto addressing must be /64s.
There may be an option for DHCP and static subnets.
Static or Dynamic (next)
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Automatic EUI-64 option for Ethernet Interface ID
3BA7:94FF:FE07:CBD0
Example coming soon!
Determined from Neighbor Discovery Router Advertisement (autoconfig) or statically (eui-64)
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Three types of IPv6 Addresses The three types of IPv6 address follow:
1. Unicast Global Unicast
Globally unique
Routed globally with no modification
Link Local Unicast
Unique Local Address
2. Multicast
3. Anycast
Unlike IPv4, there is no IPv6 broadcast address.
There is, however, an "all nodes" multicast address, which serves essentially the same purpose as a broadcast address.
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IPv6 Address Typeshttp://www.ripe.net/lir-services/resource-
management/ipv6/ipv6-address-types
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Prefix Designation and Explanation
IPv4 Equivalent
2000::/3 Global UnicastOther than the exceptions documented in this table, the operators of networks using these addresses can be found using the
Whois servers of the RIRs listed in the registry at:http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-unicast-address-assignments
No equivalent single block
ff00::/8
Example: ff01:0:0:0:0:0:0:2
MulticastThese addresses are used to identify multicast groups.
They should only be used as destination addresses, never as source addresses.
224.0.0.0/4
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Prefix Designation and Explanation
IPv4 Equivalent
fe80::/10
Example: fe80::200:5aee:feaa:20a2
Link-Local AddressesThese addresses are used on a single link or a non-routed common access network, such as an Ethernet LAN.
They do not need to be unique outside of that link.
Link-local addresses may appear as the source or destination of an IPv6 packet.
Routers must not forward IPv6 packets if the source or destination contains a link-local address.
169.254.0.0/16
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Link-Local Scope Multicast Addresses
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Subnetting IPv6
A typical IPv6 site prefix will be /48
This creates a 16 bit subnet part of the address structure
Allows for 216, or 65,536, subnets!
There are no concerns about needing an all 0’s or all 1’s subnet in IPv6!
64 bit host field allows for 264 hosts per subnet.
More than 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 addresses per subnet.
Allows of the automatic IPv6 address assignment features to work well (later).
2340:1111:AAAA::/48
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Subnetting IPv6
4 specific subnets to be used inside Company1:
2340:1111:AAAA:0001::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0002::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0003::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0004::/64
Note: A valid abbreviation is to remove the 3 leading 0’s from the first shown quartet.
2340:1111:AAAA:1::/64
/64
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Preparing an IPv6 Addressing Plan
ripe.net/training/material/IPv6-for-LIRs-Training.../IPv6_addr_plan4.pdf
Routing IPv6
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IPv6 Routing Protocols
Exactly the same as IPv4 routing protocols only different.
We will only discuss the first three:
IPv6 Static routes
OSPFv3 (defined in RFC 5340, OSPF for IPv6)
EIGRP for IPv6
RIP next generation (RIPng) (defined in RFC 2080, RIPng for IPv6)
Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol Version 4 (MP-BGP4 or MBGP) (defined in RFC 2545, Use of BGP-4 Multiprotocol Extensions for IPv6 Inter-Domain Routing, and RFC 4760, Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4)
Interface Configuration
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Fa0/0
Fa0/0 Fa0/0 Fa0/0
S0/0/0
DCES0/0/0
DCES0/0/0
S0/0/1
S0/0/1
DCES0/0/1
S0/0/0
S0/0/1
DCES0/1/0
DCES0/1/1
2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0A02::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0A03::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0102::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0103::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0B01::/64
2340:1111:AAAA:0B02::/64
4444:0000:0000:4001::/64
Our Topology
Using /64’s on Point-to-Point serial links just for simplicity
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ipv6 unicast-routing
ipv6 unicast-routing global configuration command Enables IPv6 routing
Required before any ipv6 routing protocol can be configured
Note: We will not be discussing RIPng (RIP for IPv6)
R1(config)# ipv6 router rip luigi% IPv6 routing not enabledR1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing R1(config)# ipv6 router rip luigiR1(config-rtr)#
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Just to make life easier….R1(config)# line con 0R1(config-line)# logging synchronousR1(config-line)# exec-timeout 0 0R1(config-line)# exitR1(config)# no ip domain-lookup
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R1ipv6 unicast-routing
interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1/64!interface Serial0/0/0 no ip address ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1/64 clock rate 64000!interface Serial0/0/1 no ip address ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1/64
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R2ipv6 unicast-routing
interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:102::1/64!interface Serial0/0/0 no ip address ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2/64!interface Serial0/0/1 no ip address ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::1/64 clock rate 64000
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R3ipv6 unicast-routing
interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:103::1/64!interface Serial0/0/0 no ip address ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::2/64 clock rate 64000!interface Serial0/0/1 no ip address ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::2/64!interface Serial0/1/0 no ip address ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:B01::1/64 clock rate 64000!interface Serial0/1/1 no ip address ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:B02::1/64 clock rate 64000
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R4ipv6 unicast-routing
interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address ipv6 address 4444:0:0:4001::1/64!interface Serial0/0/0 no ip address ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:B01::2/64!interface Serial0/0/1 no ip address ipv6 address 2340:1111:AAAA:B02::2/64
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Verify
R1# show ip inter briefInterface IP-Address OK? Method Status ProtocolFastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES unset up up
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial0/0/0 unassigned YES unset up up
Serial0/0/1 unassigned YES unset up up
R1#
R1# show ipv6 inter briefFastEthernet0/0 [up/up] FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1FastEthernet0/1 [administratively down/down]Serial0/0/0 [up/up] FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1Serial0/0/1 [up/up] FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1R1#
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Verify
R1 #ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::2
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2, timeout is 2
seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 msR1#
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VerifyR1# debug ipv6 packetIPv6 unicast packet debugging is onR1# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::2
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2, timeout is 2
seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 msR1#*Jun 19 16:19:13.181: IPv6: SAS picked source 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1 for
2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2 (Serial0/0/0)*Jun 19 16:19:13.181: IPV6: source 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1 (local)*Jun 19 16:19:13.181: dest 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2 (Serial0/0/0)*Jun 19 16:19:13.181: traffic class 0, flow 0x0, len 100+0, prot 58,
hops 64, originating
Jun 19 16:19:13.241: IPV6: source 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2 (Serial0/0/0)*Jun 19 16:19:13.241: dest 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1*Jun 19 16:19:13.241: traffic class 0, flow 0x0, len 100+4, prot 58,
hops 64, forward to ulp
R1# un all
ICMPv6
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Link-local AddressesR1# show ipv6 inter briefFastEthernet0/0 [up/up] FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1FastEthernet0/1 [administratively down/down]Serial0/0/0 [up/up] FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1Serial0/0/1 [up/up] FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1R1#
Scope is confined to a single link.
Uniqueness is assured only on one link.
Not routable off the link
Device can determine its own link local IPv6 address without needing to communicate with any other device
Ethernet link-local address uses MAC-address (EUI-64) for Interface ID
Considered best practice to statically configure link local address (Interface ID) on serial interfaces (later).
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Link-local AddressesR1# show inter fa 0/0FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is MV96340 Ethernet, address is 001b.0cc2.82d8 (bia 001b.0cc2.82d8) <output omitted for brevity>
R1# show ipv6 inter fa 0/0FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8 No Virtual link-local address(es): Global unicast address(es): 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1, subnet is 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 <output omitted for brevity>
48 bit MAC Address: 001b.0cc2.82d8 0 0 1 b . 0 c c 2 . 8 2 d 8 0000 0000 0001 1011 . 0000 1100 1100 0010 . 1000 0010 1101 10000000 0000 0001 1011 . 0000 1100 11111111 11111110 1100 0010 . 1000 0010 1101 10000000 0010 0001 1011 . 0000 1100 11111111 11111110 1100 0010 . 1000 0010 1101 1000 0 2 1 b . 0 c F F F E c 2 . 8 2 d 8
link-local address is FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8
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Static Link-localR1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0R1(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::1 ? link-local Use link-local address
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0R1(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::1 link-local
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/1R1(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::1 link-local
R1# show ipv6 inter briefFastEthernet0/0 [up/up] FE80::21B:CFF:FEC2:82D8 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1FastEthernet0/1 [administratively down/down]Serial0/0/0 [up/up] FE80::1 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1Serial0/0/1 [up/up] FE80::1 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1R1#
Unique on the link
Used Router Number for simplicity
R1: FE80::1
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Static Link-localR2(config)# inter ser 0/0/0R2(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::2 link-local
R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/1 R2(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::2 link-local
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/0R3(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::3 link-local
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/1 R3(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::3 link-local
R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/0 R3(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::3 link-local
R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/1 R3(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::3 link-local
R4(config)# inter ser 0/0/0R4(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::4 link-local
R4(config)# inter ser 0/0/1 R4(config-if)# ipv6 add fe80::4 link-local
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R1# show ipv6 routeIPv6 Routing Table - 8 entriesCodes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP U - Per-user Static routeC 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0L 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0C 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0L 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0C 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1L 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1L FE80::/10 [0/0] via ::, Null0L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0R1#R1# show ipv6 inter brief<output omitted for brevity>Serial0/0/0 [up/up] FE80::1 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1Serial0/0/1 [up/up] FE80::1 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1
Due to the nature of link-local addresses, the specific FE80::/10 prefix (link local networks) does not appear in the routing table
L = Local not Link-local
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So it is necessary to specify from which interface packets should be sourced when you ping a link-local address:
R1# ping fe80::2Output Interface: ser 0/0/0% Invalid interface. Use full interface name without spaces (e.g. Serial0/1)Output Interface: serial 0/0/0% Invalid interface. Use full interface name without spaces (e.g. Serial0/1)Output Interface: serial0/0/0 Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FE80::2, timeout is 2 seconds:Packet sent with a source address of FE80::1!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 msR1#
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Connected routes occur for any interface IPv6 unicast address that has more than link local scope
The local routes are all /128 routes and are essentially host routes for the router’s IPv6 unicast address.
These local routes allow the router to more efficiently process packets directed to the router itself rather than for packet directed toward connected subnets.
R2# show ipv6 routeIPv6 Routing Table - 8 entriesCodes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP U - Per-user Static route I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2 ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2 D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP externalC 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0L 2340:1111:AAAA:102::1/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0C 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0L 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::2/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0C 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1L 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::1/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1L FE80::/10 [0/0] via ::, Null0L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0
IPv6 Routing Table… first look
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The IPv6 Neighbor Table
Link-local: fe80::50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1
2340:1111:AAAA::/642340:1111:AAAA::1/64
Global Unicast: 2340:1111:aaaa:0:50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1
IPv6-Router# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0:50a5:8a35:a5bb:66e1!!!!!*Mar 1 00:08:28.779: ICMPv6-ND: Sending NS for
2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1 on FastEthernet0/0*Mar 1 00:08:28.783: ICMPv6-ND: Received NA for
2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1 on FastEthernet0/0 from 2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1
*Mar 1 00:08:28.787: ICMPv6-ND: Neighbor 2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1 on FastEthernet0/0 : LLA 0021.9bd9.c644
IPv6-Router# un all
IPv6-Router# show ipv6 neighborsIPv6 Address Age Link-layer Addr State Interface2340:1111:AAAA:0:50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1 0 0021.9bd9.c644 REACH Fa0/0FE80::50A5:8A35:A5BB:66E1 0 0021.9bd9.c644 REACH Fa0/02340:1111:AAAA:0:88C1:6A44:D6AF:1438 0 0021.9bd9.c644 REACH Fa0/0
• Used debug ipv6 nd Replaces the IPv4 ARP table
Uses NDP Neighbor Solicitation and Neighbor Advertisement Messages
NS (Request for another node’s Link Layer Address) NA (Sent in response to NS)
Static Routes
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Static Routes
Types of static routes (same as IPv4)
A directly attached static route is created using only the interface-type and interface-number parameters.
Router(config)# ipv6 route 2001:c00l::/32 serial 0/0/0
A recursive static route is created using only the next-hop address parameter.
Router(config)# ipv6 route 2001:c00l::/32 2001:12::1
A fully specified static route includes both the outgoing interface and the next hop address.
Router(config)# ipv6 route 2002:c00l::/32 fa 0/0 2001:12::1
A floating static route
Router(config)# ipv6 route 2001:c00l::/32 ser 0/0/0 15
Router(config)# ipv6 route ipv6-prefix/prefix-length {ipv6-address | interface-type interface-number [ipv6-address]} [administrative-distance] [administrative-multicast-distance | unicast | multicast] [next-hop-address] [tag tag]
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Default Static Route
IPv6 default static route, which is equivalent to IPv4 ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
Router(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 serial 0/0/0
Router(config)# ipv6 route ipv6-prefix/prefix-length {ipv6-address | interface-type interface-number [ipv6-address]} [administrative-distance] [administrative-multicast-distance | unicast | multicast] [next-hop-address] [tag tag]
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Static Routes: ExampleR1(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0102::/64 ser 0/0/0
R1# show ipv6 route<output omitted>S 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [1/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0C 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0
R2(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::1
R2# show ipv6 route<output omitted>S 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [1/0] via 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1
R2# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::1Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 msR2#
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Static Routes: Using Link-local address as the next-hop interfaceR2(config)# no ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 2340:1111:AAAA:0A01::1
R2(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 fe80::1 % Interface has to be specified for a link-local nexthop
R2(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 ser 0/0/0 fe80::1
R2# show ipv6 routeS 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [1/0] via FE80::1, Serial0/0/0
R2# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::1
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 msR2#
Remember, due to the nature of link-local addresses, specific link-local networks do not appear in the routing table because they are considered to be available via all IPv6 interfaces.
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Static Routes: clean-up…
Before we move on to dynamic routing remove all static routes
Verify that there are no static routes with show ipv6 route
R1(config)# no ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0102::/64 ser 0/0/0
R2(config)# no ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::/64 ser 0/0/0 fe80::1
EIGRP for IPv6
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EIGRP vs EIGRP for IPv6EIGRP IPv4 IPv6Advertises routes for… IPv4 IPv6Layer 3 protocol for EIGRP messages
IPv4 IPv6
Layer 3 header protocol type 88 88UDP Port N/A N/AUses Successor, Feasible Successor
yes yes
Uses Dual yes yesSupports VLSM yes yesCan perform automatic summarization
yes N/A
Uses triggered updates yes yesDefault metric bandwidth and delay
yes yes
Multicast Update destination 224.0.0.10 FF02::10Authentication EIGRP-specific IPv6 AH/ESP
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EIGRP for IPv6 Available in Cisco IOS Release 12.4(6)T and later
EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6 are configured and managed separately although many of the commands are similar.
EIGRP for IPv6 is configured on a per-interface basis, no network command is used.
EIGRP for IPv6 has a shutdown feature which is the default state.
EIGRP for IPv6 does not do automatic summarization like EIGRP for IPv4.
EIGRP for IPv6 sees the neighbors link-local address as the next-hop IP address (neighbor table, topology table, routing table).
EIGRP for IPv6 does not require neighbors to be in the same IPv6 subnet to become neighbors.
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EIGRP for IPv6 EIGRP Router ID decision steps based on IPv4 configuration:
1. Use the configured value (using the eigrp router-id a.b.c.d EIGRP subcommand under the ipv6 router eigrp command)
2. Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up loopback interface
3. Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up non-loopback interface
Note: In an IPv6 only environment the eigrp router-id command must be used otherwise the router will not form any EIGRP adjacencies.
IOS lets you stop and start the EIGRP process with the shutdown and no shutdown router mode subcommands.
After initial configuration, the EIGRP for IPv6 process starts in shutdown mode,
To start the EIGRP process it is required to issue the no shutdown
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EIGRP for IPv6: All routers
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Configuring R1
EIGRP for IPv6 is configured on the interfaces.
There are no network commands
R1(config)# inter fa 0/0R1(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0R1(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/1R1(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
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Routing Table…
There are no EIGRP IPv6 routes in the routing table... yet.
R1# show ipv6 routeIPv6 Routing Table - 8 entries<output omitted> D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP externalC 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0L 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0C 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0L 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::1/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0C 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1L 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::1/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/1L FE80::/10 [0/0] via ::, Null0L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0
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Show ipv6 protocols
There is an EIGRP 100 for IPv6 process but the interfaces are not yet enabled for EIGRP IPv6 because the process is shutdown.
R1# show ipv6 protocolsIPv6 Routing Protocol is "connected"IPv6 Routing Protocol is "static"IPv6 Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100" EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 EIGRP maximum hopcount 100 EIGRP maximum metric variance 1 Interfaces: Redistribution: None Maximum path: 16 Distance: internal 90 external 170
R1# show ipv6 eigrp neighborsIPv6-EIGRP neighbors for process 100% EIGRP 100 is in SHUTDOWNR1#
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Enabling EIGRP for IPv6
The EIGRP for IPv6 process must be enabled with the no shutdown command.
R1(config)# inter fa 0/0R1(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0R1(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/1R1(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
<The commands above were already completed>
R1(config)# ipv6 router eigrp 100R1(config-rtr)# router-id ? A.B.C.D EIGRP Router-ID in IP address format
R1(config-rtr)# router-id 1.1.1.1R1(config-rtr)# no shutdown
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Verifying
The EIGRP for IPv6 process has been enabled but we don’t have any neighbors... yet.
R1# show ipv6 protocols IPv6 Routing Protocol is "connected"IPv6 Routing Protocol is "static"IPv6 Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100" EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 EIGRP maximum hopcount 100 EIGRP maximum metric variance 1 Interfaces: FastEthernet0/0 Serial0/0/0 Serial0/0/1 Redistribution: None Maximum path: 16 Distance: internal 90 external 170
R1# show ipv6 eigrp neighborsIPv6-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
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Configuring R2
Neighbor adjacencies begin for form...
R2(config)# inter fa 0/0R2(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/0R2(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/1R2(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R2(config)# ipv6 router eigrp 100R2(config-rtr)# router-id 2.2.2.2R2(config-rtr)# no shutdownR2(config-rtr)# endR2#*Jun 19 22:37:40.668: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IPv6-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor FE80::1
(Serial0/0/0) is up: new adjacency*Jun 19 22:37:41.248: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleR2#
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Configuring R3R3(config)# inter fa 0/0R3(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/0R3(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/1R3(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/0R3(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/1R3(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R3(config)# ipv6 router eigrp 100R3(config-rtr)# router-id 3.3.3.3R3(config-rtr)# no shutdown
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Configuring R4R4(config)# inter fa 0/0R4(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R4(config)# inter ser 0/0/0R4(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R4(config)# inter ser 0/0/1R4(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp 100
R4(config)# ipv6 router eigrp 100R4(config-rtr)# router-id 4.4.4.4R4(config-rtr)# no shutdown
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Verifying
Notice that EIGRP for IPv6 uses link-local addresses to exchange EIGRP messages.
R1# show ipv6 eigrp neighborsIPv6-EIGRP neighbors for process 100H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cnt Num1 Link-local address: Se0/0/1 12 00:05:18 40 240 0 16 FE80::30 Link-local address: Se0/0/0 11 00:08:35 31 200 0 8 FE80::2R1#
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EIGRP for IPv6 Topology Table
.
R1# show ipv6 eigrp topologyIPv6-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(1.1.1.1)Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply, r - reply Status, s - sia Status P 4444:0:0:4001::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2684416 via FE80::3 (2684416/2172416), Serial0/0/1P 2340:1111:AAAA:103::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2172416 via FE80::3 (2172416/28160), Serial0/0/1P 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2169856 via Connected, Serial0/0/1P 2340:1111:AAAA:B02::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2681856 via FE80::3 (2681856/2169856), Serial0/0/1P 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2681856 via FE80::2 (2681856/2169856), Serial0/0/0P 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2172416 via FE80::2 (2172416/28160), Serial0/0/0P 2340:1111:AAAA:B01::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2681856 via FE80::3 (2681856/2169856), Serial0/0/1P 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64, 1 successors, FD is 2169856 via Connected, Serial0/0/0P 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64, 1 successors, FD is 28160 via Connected, FastEthernet0/0R1#
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IPv6 Routing Table
Link-local address is next-hop address
R1# show ipv6 routeIPv6 Routing Table - 14 entriesCodes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP <output omitted> D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP externalC 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0L 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0D 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [90/2172416] via FE80::2, Serial0/0/0D 2340:1111:AAAA:103::/64 [90/2172416] via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1<output omitted>D 2340:1111:AAAA:B01::/64 [90/2681856] via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1D 2340:1111:AAAA:B02::/64 [90/2681856] via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1D 4444:0:0:4001::/64 [90/2684416] via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1
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Verify
R1# ping 4444:0:0:4001::1
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4444:0:0:4001::1, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/56/60 msR1#
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R4 R3
R4# show ipv6 eigrp neighborsIPv6-EIGRP neighbors for process 100H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cnt Num1 Link-local address: Se0/0/1 12 00:04:33 61 366 0 19 FE80::30 Link-local address: Se0/0/0 13 00:04:33 1058 5000 0 18 FE80::3R4#
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R4’s IPv6 Routing Table
All 2340:1111:AAAA networks are via R3
R4# show ipv6 routeD 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [90/21026560] via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1 via FE80::3, Serial0/0/0D 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [90/21026560] via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1 via FE80::3, Serial0/0/0D 2340:1111:AAAA:103::/64 [90/2172416] via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1 via FE80::3, Serial0/0/0D 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [90/21536000] via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1 via FE80::3, Serial0/0/0D 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::/64 [90/21024000] via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1 via FE80::3, Serial0/0/0D 2340:1111:AAAA:A03::/64 [90/21024000] via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1 via FE80::3, Serial0/0/0<output omitted>
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Summary address..
R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/0R3(config-if)# ipv6 summary-address eigrp 100 2340:1111:AAAA::/48
R3(config)# inter ser 0/1/1R3(config-if)# ipv6 summary-address eigrp 100 2340:1111:AAAA::/48
R3# show ipv6 routeD 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 [5/28160] via ::, Null0<output omitted>
Summarize all 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 routes to R4
Null0 route added for summary route
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R4# show ipv6 route
D 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 [90/2172416] via FE80::3, Serial0/0/0 via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1C 2340:1111:AAAA:B01::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0<output omitted>
R4# ping 2340:1111:AAAA:0101::1!!!!!
Reduced routing table for R4
Summary address..
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EIGRP for IPv6: Default Route
DefaultStatic
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Default Route (One method)
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/0R3(config-if)# ipv6 summary-address eigrp 100 ::/0
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/1R3(config-if)# ipv6 summary-address eigrp 100 ::/0
R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 ser 0/1/0R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 ser 0/1/1
R3# show ipv6 route
S ::/0 [1/0] via ::, Serial0/1/0 via ::, Serial0/1/1<output omitted>
Propagate an EIGRP ::/0 summary route to R1 and R2
Create the default static route
Verify static route
R4(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 ser 0/0/0 R4(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 ser 0/0/1
R4# show ipv6 route
S 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 [1/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 via ::, Serial0/0/1
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Verify Static RouteR1# show ipv6 route
D ::/0 [90/2172416] via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1C 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0L 2340:1111:AAAA:101::1/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0D 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [90/2172416] via FE80::2, Serial0/0/0<output omitted>
R1# ping 4444::1
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4444::1, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/56/56 msR1#
OSPFv3
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OSPFv2 vs OSPFv3OSPF OSPFv2 (IPv4) OSPFv3
(IPv6)Advertises routes for… IPv4 IPv6Layer 3 protocol IPv4 IPv6IP Protocol Type 89 89Source IP address IPv4 address IPv6 link-localMulticast – all SPF routers 224.0.0.5 FF02::5Multicast – All Designated routers 224.0.0.6 FF02::6Uses Link State logic yes yesSupports VLSM yes yesRID process, compared to OSPFv2 same sameLSA flooding and aging compared to OSPFv2
same same
Area structure compared to OSPFv2 same samePacket types same same
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OSPFv2 vs OSPFv3OSPF OSPFv2 (IPv4) OSPFv3
(IPv6) LSA flooding and aging compared to OSPFv2
same same
RID yes yes 32-bit LSID yes yes Cost metric, bandwidth yes yes Supports route tags yes yes DR/BDR election compared to OSPFv2 yes yes Periodic re-flooding every… 30 minutes 30 minutes Authentication OSPF-specific IPv6 AH/ESP Neighbor checks compared to OSPFv2 same no "same
subnet" check Multiple instances per interface no yes
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OSPFv3 OSPFv3 is OSPF for IPv6 (RFC 2740):
Based on OSPFv2, with enhancements Same mechanisms as IPv4, but a major rewrite of the internals of the protocol
Distributes IPv6 prefixes
Runs directly over IPv6
OSPFv3 & v2 can be run concurrently, because each address family has a separate SPF (ships in the night).
OSPFv3 uses the same basic packet types as OSPFv2: Hello
Database description blocks (DDB)
Link state request (LSR)
Link state update (LSU)
Link state acknowledgement (ACK)
Neighbor discovery and adjacency formation mechanism are identical.
LSA flooding and aging mechanisms are identical.
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OSPFv3 OSPFv3 Router ID decision steps based on OSPFv2 configuration:
1. Use the configured value (using the ospf router-id a.b.c.d OSPF subcommand under the ipv6 router ospf command)
2. Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up loopback interface
3. Use the highest IPv4 address on an up/up non-loopback interface
Note: In an IPv6 only environment the ospf router-id command must be used otherwise the router will not form any OSPF adjacencies.
The multicast addresses used by OSPFv3 are as follows: FF02::5— All SPF routers on the link-local scope; equivalent to 224.0.0.5 in
OSPFv2. FF02::6— All designated routers (DRs) on the link-local scope; equivalent to
224.0.0.6 in OSPFv2.
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OSPFv3 (Single Area)
DefaultStatic
Removed all EIGRP for IPv6 commands and IPv6 default static routes
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Configuring R1
Enable OSPF on the interface.
Create the OSPF process (do not need to do no shutdown)
R1(config)# inter fa 0/0R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/0R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R1(config)# inter ser 0/0/1R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R1(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1R1(config-rtr)# router-id 1.1.1.1
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Configuring R2
R2(config)# inter fa 0/0R2(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/0R2(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R2(config)# inter ser 0/0/1R2(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R2(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1R2(config-rtr)# router-id 2.2.2.2
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Configuring R3
Configure static default routes pointing to R4.
Propagate default into OSPF domain (use always option if there is not a static default configured).
R3(config)# inter fa 0/0R3(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/0R3(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R3(config)# inter ser 0/0/1R3(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 ser 0/1/0R3(config)# ipv6 route ::/0 ser 0/1/1
R3(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1R3(config-rtr)# router-id 3.3.3.3R3(config-rtr)# default-information originate
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Configuring R4
Configure static routes on R4.
R4(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 ser 0/0/0 R4(config)# ipv6 route 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 ser 0/0/1
R4# show ipv6 route
S 2340:1111:AAAA::/48 [1/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 via ::, Serial0/0/1
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R3’s OSPFv3 and Static Routes
Static default route and OSPF routes.
R3# show ipv6 route
S ::/0 [1/0] via ::, Serial0/1/1 via ::, Serial0/1/0O 2340:1111:AAAA:101::/64 [110/782] via FE80::1, Serial0/0/0O 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [110/782] via FE80::2, Serial0/0/1O 2340:1111:AAAA:A01::/64 [110/845] via FE80::2, Serial0/0/1 via FE80::1, Serial0/0/0<output omitted>
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R1’s OSPFv3 Routes
OSPF routes including default.
R1# show ipv6 route ospf<output omitted> O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2 ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2 D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP externalOE2 ::/0 [110/1], tag 1 via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1O 2340:1111:AAAA:102::/64 [110/65] via FE80::2, Serial0/0/0O 2340:1111:AAAA:103::/64 [110/65] via FE80::3, Serial0/0/1O 2340:1111:AAAA:A02::/64 [110/128] via FE80::2, Serial0/0/0R1#R1# ping 4444::1!!!!!R1#
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Show ipv6 ospf neighbor
Notice IPv4 Router-IDs.
R1# show ipv6 ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Interface ID Interface3.3.3.3 1 FULL/ - 00:00:38 6 Serial0/0/12.2.2.2 1 FULL/ - 00:00:37 6 Serial0/0/0R1#
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Show ipv6 ospf
R1# show ipv6 ospf Routing Process "ospfv3 1" with ID 1.1.1.1 SPF schedule delay 5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secs Minimum LSA interval 5 secs. Minimum LSA arrival 1 secs LSA group pacing timer 240 secs Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs Number of external LSA 1. Checksum Sum 0x007A8B Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps Area BACKBONE(0)
Number of interfaces in this area is 3SPF algorithm executed 8 timesNumber of LSA 11. Checksum Sum 0x06DDB0Number of DCbitless LSA 0Number of indication LSA 0Number of DoNotAge LSA 0Flood list length 0
Similar to OSPFv2
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Show ipv6 ospf interface Link local address of router is
shown.
Used as source address for OSPFv3 packets.
R1# show ipv6 ospf inter ser 0/0/0Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up Link Local Address FE80::1, Interface ID 6 Area 0, Process ID 1, Instance ID 0, Router ID 1.1.1.1 Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT, Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 Hello due in 00:00:02 Index 1/2/2, flood queue length 0 Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0) Last flood scan length is 2, maximum is 2 Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1 Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2 Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
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Notes for CCNP Instructors/Students
IPv4 CEF and dCEF are enabled by default. IPv6 CEF and dCEF are disabled by default, but automatically enabled when you configure IPv6 routing.
To enable IPv6 CEF, use the ipv6 cef command
Router(config)# interface Fa0/0Router(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 51 stub
Router(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1Router(config-rtr)# area 0 range 2340:1111::/32
Router(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1Router(config-rtr)# summary-prefix 2001:1111::/32
Summarizes area 0’s routes to other areas as 2340:1111::/32 (ABR)
Stub and Totally Stubby (stub no-summary) areas configured on the stub interface
Summarizes external routes being redistributed into OSPF (ASBR)
Resources
Questions?
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