INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
Pre-requisite of this course
Nothing
Design for the fresh students, who never heard about the computers.
Course Objectives
To give the basic information about computer system.
To give the knowledge about computer hardware and computer software.
Effective and Efficient use of Internet To familiarize students with the use of MS Windows. To familiarize students with the use of MS Office 2007. To give basic concepts of Operating system,
networking and databases.
Recommended Books
Microsoft Office 2010: Introductory Concepts and Techniques
Author : Shelly Vermaat
Introduction to computers Seventh Edition.
Author: Peter Norton
Lecture Handouts
LAB Manual
Software Needed for this course MS Windows 2007
MS Office 2007
Web Browser
Course Modules
This course includes four modules.
Basic concepts of Computer (Module I) MS Windows Vista (Module II) MS Office 2007 (Module III)
MS Word 2007MS Excel 2007MS Power point 2007
Internet (Module IV)
Introduction to Computer System
Computer’s Simple Definition
Computer is an electronic machine, that takes input, then processes and finally gives output.
Input - Process - Output
Computer is an electronic machine which converts data into information.
Data : Before processing Information : After Processing
Parts of Computer
Computer
Computer Basics
Hard ware Tangible / touchable components Body of the computer
Software Intangible components Soul of the computer
Parts of Computer
There are three Parts of computer, which are;
Input Parts:
Through which data is entered.
Processing Parts:
Through which input is converted into output.
Output Parts:
Through which we can see our required output.
Computer Basics
Hardware System Unit Input devices
Keyboard Mouse
Output devices (Display) Monitor LCD
Computer Basics
Processing devices CPU
Storage devices RAM Hard Disk Floppy or other removable Disks CD ROM / DVD ROM
System Unit
A metal case Houses the internal components of the
computers May be Desktop or Tower
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Brain of the CPU Performs calculations Plugs into the motherboard
Holds the internal circuitry of the computer and slots.
Keyboard
Primary input device Collection of number of special keys
Mouse
Pointing input device Actions
Click Double click Drag and drop
Computer Basics
Software System software
Provide interface between user and computer
Application software Software designed to perform a particular
task Utilities
Small programs
Pros and Cons of Computer
Pros of Computer:
Speed
Accuracy
Diligence
Powerful Memory
Communication
Pros and Cons of Computer
Cons of Computer
IQ (Intelligent Quotient)
Feeling
Violation of privacy
Impact on labor force
Health Risks
Computer Science & IT
Computer Technology
Hardware (Tangible parts of the
computer)
Software (Intangible parts of the
computer)
Information Technology
Computer Technology
Hardware
Software
Communication Technology
Transferring of SMS, MMS, voice, Pictures,
Video files and Audio files from on device
to another.
Classification of Computer According to Purpose
Special Purpose Computers General Purpose Computers
According to Size Micro Computers Mini Computers Main Frame Computers Super Computers
According to Function Analog Computers Digital Computers Hybrid Computers
Types of Micro Computers
Desktop Computers Workstations Notebook computers Tablet Computers Handheld Computers Smart Phones
Desktop computers
The most common type of computer Sits on the desk or floor Performs a variety of tasks
Workstations
Specialized computers Optimized for science or graphics More powerful than a desktop
Notebook computers
Small portable computers Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds About 8 ½ by 11 inches Typically as powerful as a desktop Also called Laptop
Tablet computers
Tablet computers Newest development in portable
computers Input is through a pen
Handheld computers
Very small computers Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) contact management Data can synchronize with a desktop
Smart phones
Hybrid of cell phone and PDA Web surfing, e-mail access
A smart phone isan Internet-enabled
telephone that usuallyprovides PDA capabilities
Computers in Society
Computers are widely used in Home Business Entertainment Communication Education Government organization Health care institutes etc
Information Processing Cycle Steps followed to process
data Input Processing Output Storage
Units of Data
1 Bit = 0, 1I Byte = 8 Bits1 KB = 1024 Bytes1 MB = 1024
KB1 GB = 1024 MB1 TB = 1024 GB
Conversion of different Units If we want to convert the lower unit
into upper unit then we have to apply the rule of division, other wise we have to apply the rule of multiplication.
Summary• Lower Unit To Upper Unit (Division)• Upper Unit to Lower Unit
(Multiplication)
Conversion Examples
Example No. 1:How many mega bytes (MB) are there in
2048 kilo Bytes (KB)?
Solution:2048 KB = ? MB2048 / 1024 = 2 MB
Conversion Examples
Example No. 2:How many kilo bytes are there in 2 megabytes?
Solution:2 MB = ? KB2 X 1024 = 2048 KB
Elements of Computer
Software Hardware
Types of Software
1. System Software2. Application Software
System Software
Operating System:It’s a resource manager. The bridgebetween the user and computer hardware. Utility Programs:It provide those services, which are notprovided by the operating system. Language Translators:It converts high level language into machinelanguage.
Operating System
Functions of Operating System• Booting• Provide User Interface• Task Management• File Management• Memory Management Types of Operating System• Single user single tasking operating system• Single user multi tasking operating system• Multi user multi tasking operating system• Multi-processing operating system
Utility Programs
Data Recovery Utility
Backup Utility
Defragmentation Utility
Data Compression Utility
Virus Protection Utility
Language Translators
Compiler
Interpreter
Assembler
Questions