Download - Introduc)ontoCellsExamplesofCells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria
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Introduc)on to Cells
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Defini)on of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life
func4ons.
Cells are alive.
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Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria
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Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells. • Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
• All cells come from preexis4ng cells through cell division.
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Who came up with this theory?
1. Ma>hias Schleiden (1838) All plants are made of cells!
Onion skin cells
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2. Theodor Schwann
Who came up with this theory? All animals are made of cells!
Human red blood cells
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Who came up with this theory?
3. Rudolf Virchow
All cells come from pre-existing
cells!
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Two Types of Cells
• Prokaryo)c • Eukaryo)c
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Prokaryo)c
• Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
• Few internal structures
• One-‐celled organisms, Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
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Eukaryo)c • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Most living organisms
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
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Cell Structure & Func)on
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
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1. Cell Membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Nuclear Membrane
8. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
6. Flagella 10. Mitochondria
4. Nucleolus
12. Nucleus 9. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
5. Golgi apparatus
13. Vacuole
7. Ribosome
11. Lysosome
14. Microtubules
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1. Cell Membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Nuclear Membrane
8. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
10. Mitochondria
4. Nucleolus
12. Cell Wall
9. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
5. Golgi apparatus
6. Vacuole
7. Ribosome
11. Chloroplast
2. Cytoplasm
13. Microtubules
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Cell Parts
Organelles
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Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
• Double layer
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Cell Wall
• Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
• Supports & protects cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Nucleus
• Directs cell ac4vi4es • Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
• Contains gene4c material -‐ DNA
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Nuclear Membrane
• Surrounds nucleus • Made of two layers • Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus • Contains RNA to build proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Cytoplasm
• Gel-‐like mixture • Surrounded by cell membrane
• Contains hereditary material
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Endoplasmic Re)culum • Moves materials around in cell
• Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
• Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Ribosomes
• Each cell contains thousands
• Make proteins
• Found on ribosomes & floa4ng throughout the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Mitochondria
• Produces energy through chemical reac4ons – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
• Controls level of water and other materials in cell
• Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Golgi Bodies (or Golgi Apparatus)
• Protein 'packaging plant'
• Move materials within the cell
• Move materials out of the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Lysosome • Diges4ve 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
• Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
• Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Vacuoles
• Membrane-‐bound sacs for storage, diges4on, and waste removal
• Contains water solu4on • Help plants maintain shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Chloroplast
• Usually found in plant cells
• Contains green chlorophyll
• Where photosynthesis takes place
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Ostrich emerged from egg