Download - Introducao SPSS
Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 1
Introdução ao SPSS
Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais
Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 2
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 3
1. Conhecendo o SPSS
1.1 - Telas Iniciais
1.2 - Barra de Ferramentas
1.3 – Menus
1.4 – Abrindo Bases de Dados
1.5 – Salvando Bases de Dados
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 4
1.1 - Telas Iniciais
Nome do Arquivo
Variáveis
Casos
Base
Visualizador de Dados e Variáveis
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1.1 - Telas Iniciais
Menus
Barra de Ferramentas
Seleção e valor
Barra de Status
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1.1 - Telas Iniciais
Name: nome da variável
Type: Numeric, String
Width: tamanho das observações
Decimals: casas decimais
Labels: descrição do name
Values: descrição dos valores
Missing: valores “perdidos”
Columns: tamanho das colunas
Align: alinhamento
Measure: nominal, ordinal, escalar
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 7
1.2 – Barra de Ferramentas
Abrir
Salvar
Imprimir
Comandos Recentes
Retornar
Seguir
Localizar observações
Localizar Variáveis
Variáveis
Localizar e Substituir
Inserir observações
Inserir variáveis
Split files: separar a base
Weight cases: peso
Select cases: seleciona a base
Value labels: descrição dos valores
Conjunto de variáveis
Todas as variáveis
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 8
1.3 - Menus
File: new (data, syntax, output, script), open, close, save, save as, Read text data...
Edit : cut, copy, paste, clear, find, replace, insert, go
Data: identify duplicate cases, sort, split file, select cases, weight cases
Tranform: compute, recode, count values
View: status bar, toolbars, fonts, value labels, data, variables
Analyze: descriptives (frequencies, descriptives, crosstabs)
Help: topics, tutorial, case studies
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1.4 Abrindo Bases de Dados
O SPSS pode abrir base em diferentes
formatos SPSS (. Sav), Excel (.xls), Text (.txt ou .dat) Stata (.dta)
Na maioria das vezes, utiliza-se sintaxes de
INPUT
Pode-se abrir as bases de dados de diferentes
maneiras
Menus: File -> Open -> Data
Barra de Ferramental:
Sintaxes de INPUTS
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1.4 Abrindo Bases de Dados
Exemplo 1: base accidents.sav
File -> Open -> Data =>
...Arquivos de programas\SPSSInc\SPSS16\Samples\accidents.sav
File -> New ->Syntax=>
GET FILE='C:\Arquivos de programas\
\SPSSInc\SPSS16\Samples\accidents.sav'.
Exemplo 2: base CENSOESC_2006.txt
File -> Open -> Syntax =>
...\Microdados do Censo Escolar 2006\
\INPUTS_SAS_SPSS\INPUT_SPSS_CENSOESC2006.sps
OBs.: substitua o endereço.
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1.4 Abrindo Bases de Dados
FILE HANDLE CENSOESC_2006 NAME = 'C:\Documents and Settings\
\Microdados do Censo Escolar 2006\
\DADOS\CENSOESC_2006\CENSOESC_2006.TXT'
/MODE = CHARACTER /LRECL=43742.
DATA LIST FIXED
FILE = CENSOESC_2006
/MASCARA 1-8
ANO 9-13
CODMUNIC 14-25 (F2)
UF 26-75 (A)
SIGLA 76-77 (A)
MUNIC 78-127 (A)
DEP 128-137(A)
...
EXECUTE.
• Sintaxe de INPUTS
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1.4 Abrindo Bases de Dados
Exemplo 3: base spaece_qprof_04l.txt
File -> Open -> Data =>
SPAECE\SPAECE 04\spaece04_qprof\ base
spaece_qprof_04l.txt
Text import wizard
Delimited / Fixed width
Names at the top
Delimiters between variables
(tab, comma, space, semicolon, others)
Data format
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 13
1.5 Salvando Base de Dados
O SPSS pode salvar a base em diferentes
formatos SPSS (. Sav), Excel (.xls), Text (.txt ou .dat), Stata
(.dta)
Pode-se salvar as bases de dados de
diferentes maneiras
Menus: File -> Save ou Save as
Barra de Ferramental:
Sintaxes (KEEP, DROP)
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1.5 Salvando Base de Dados
Exemplo 1
SAVE OUTFILE='C:\Arquivos de programas
\SPSSInc\SPSS16\Samples\accidents.sav'
/COMPRESSED.
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 15
2. Principais Comandos
2.1 – Organizando a Baseidentify duplicate cases, sort, split file, select cases, weight cases, clear, insert, rename, label, merge
2.2 – Modificando a BaseCompute (IF), recode
2.3 – Tabelas Descritivas
frequencies, descriptives, crosstabs
2.4 – Principais Comandos
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2.1 – Organizando a Base
Identify duplicate cases: identifica os dados repetidos, criando uma nova variável, e ordena os dados.
Exemplo: Data -> Identify duplicate cases Define matching cases
Sort within matching groups
Sort: ordena ascendentemente ou descendentemente os dados.
Exemplo: Data -> Sort Sort by
Sort order
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2.1 – Organizando a Base
Split file: cria um filtro para reorganizar a base de dados, não deixando
nenhuma das partes inacessíveis.
Exemplo: Data -> Split file
Compare Groups
Organize output by group
Select cases: cria um filtro para separar provisória ou definitivamente a
base de dados, tornando alguma das partes inacessíveis.
Exemplo: Data -> Select cases
If condition is satisfied
Random sample
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 18
2.1 – Organizando a Base
Operadores Relacionais
EQ or = Equal to
NE or ~= or ¬ = or <> Not equal to
LT or < Less than
LE or <= Less than or equal to
GT or > Greater than
GE or >= Greater than or equal to
Operadores Lógicos
AND or & Both relations must be true
OR or | Either relation can be true
NOTReverses the outcome of an expression
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2.1 – Organizando a Base
Weight cases: atribui uma variável que serve de peso para uma
amostra.
Exemplo: Data -> Weight cases
Clear: deleta colunas (variáveis) ou linhas (casos).
Data view -> Botão direito.
Insert: insere colunas ou linhas. Data view -> Botão direito.
Rename e Variables Label: substitui o nome e o label das variáveis.
Variable view.
Values Label: insere informações sobre as observações.
Variable view.
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2.1 – Organizando a Base
Merge: junta duas ou mais bases de dados,
adicionando casos ou variáveis.
Exemplo: Data -> Merge Files -> Add Cases
Add Variable
As variáveis de identificação devem estar ordenadas em
ambas os arquivos.
Não pode haver identificação duplicada quando se adiciona
casos.
Não pode haver identificação duplicada na base ativa.
Determine o arquivo que tem a identificação “chave”.
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2.2 – Modificando a Base
Compute: cria novas variáveis utilizando funções ou
operadores.
Example: Tranformations -> Compute
Target Variable
Numeric expression
IF
Exercício
Elejam as 5 mais importantes funções dos grupos e apresente
um exemplo:
Arithimetic; Missing Values; Statistical; String.
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 22
2.2 – Modificando a Base
Arithimetic 1º -
2º -
3º -
4º -
5º -
Missing Values 1º -
2º -
3º -
4º -
5º -
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2.2 – Modificando a Base
Statistical 1º -
2º -
3º -
4º -
5º -
String 1º -
2º -
3º -
4º -
5º -
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2.2 – Modificando a Base
Recode: modifica ou cria uma nova variável. Exemplo: Tranformation -> Recode into Same Variable
Recode into Different Variable
Output Variable (Name, Label)
IF
SYSMIS (.)
MISSING ( )
ELSE
Thru -> through
Lowest (LO), Highest (HI)
Copy
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 25
2.3 – Tabelas Descritivas
Frequencies: apresenta as freqüências das variáveis e
várias estatísticas descritivas.
Exemplo: Analyze -> Descriptive statistics -> Frequencies...
N (Valid, Missing) Skewness
Mean Kurtosis
Std. Error of Mean Range
Median Minimum
Mode Maximum
Std. Deviation Sum
Variance Percentiles
• Statistics • Charts
None
Bar Charts
Pie Charts
Histogram
Exercício
Definam todas as estatísticas e os tipos de gráficos.
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 26
2.3 – Tabelas Descritivas
Descriptives: apresenta estatísticas descritivas das
variáveis.
Exemplo: Analyze -> Descriptive statistics ->
Descriptives...
Save standardized value as variable
Options
Mean Skewness
Sum Kurtosis
Std. Deviation Range
Variance Minimum
S. E. Mean Maximum
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 27
2.3 – Tabelas Descritivas
Crosstabs: gera tabelas com dados cruzados de duas ou mais variáveis e algumas estatísticas da relação entre as variáveis.
Exemplo: Analyze -> Descriptive statistics -> Crosstabs...
Rows
Columns
Layer 1 to 1
Statistics
Chi-squared
Correlation
Cells
Counts (Observed, Expected)
Pecentages (Rows, Columns, Total)
Exercício
Definam as estatísticas Chi-squared e Correlation.
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 28
2.4 Principais Comandos
Principais Comandos do SPSS
Comandos Tradução Significado Sintaxe
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 29
3. Elaborando Sintaxes
3.1 – Pontos principais
3.2 – Comandossort, split file, select cases, weight cases,
merge, rename, compute (IF), recode
3.3 – Tabelas Descritivas
frequencies, descriptives, crosstabs
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 30
3.1 Pontos principais
Os comandos em uma sintaxe são instruções que devem seguir certas regras. As principais são:
O asterisco ( * ) serve para fazer anotações ou tornar inoperante uma linha da programação;
O ponto final ( . ) determina o fim da linha de comando;
Os comando, subcomandos e funções são representados por letras maiúsculas (LABEL VARIABLES);
Os elementos representados em letra minúscula devem ser inseridos (varlist);
Os elementos em negritos são defauts;
Parenteses ( ( ) ), apostrofos ( „ „ ) e aspas (“ “) são requerimentos para executar a sintaxe;
Elementos entre chaves ( { } ) indicam alternativas;
Elementos entre colchetes ( [ ] ) são especificações opcionais;
As abreviações são óbvias (varname, varlist).
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3.2 – Comandos
Sort: ordena ascendentemente ou
descendentemente os dados.
SORT CASES [BY] varlist[({A})] [varlist...]
{D}
Exemplo:
SORT CASES BY gender(A) accid(A).
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3.2 – Comandos
Split file: cria um filtro para reorganizar a base de dados,
não deixando nenhuma das partes inacessíveis.
SPLIT FILE {OFF } [{LAYERED }] {BY varlist}
{SEPARATE}
Exemplo
SPLIT FILE LAYERED BY gender.
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 33
3.2 – Comandos
Select cases: cria um filtro para separar provisória ou definitivamente a base de dados, tornando alguma das partes inacessíveis.
SELECT IF [(]logical expression[)]
ExemploUSE ALL.
COMPUTE filter_$=(gender = 1 & agecat > 1).
VARIABLE LABEL filter_$ 'gender = 1 & agecat > 1 (FILTER)'.
VALUE LABELS filter_$ 0 'Not Selected' 1 'Selected'.
FORMAT filter_$ (f1.0).
FILTER BY filter_$.
EXECUTE.
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 34
3.2 – Comandos
Operadores Relacionais
EQ or = Equal to
NE or ~= or ¬ = or <> Not equal to
LT or < Less than
LE or <= Less than or equal to
GT or > Greater than
GE or >= Greater than or equal to
Operadores Lógicos
AND or & Both relations must be true
OR or | Either relation can be true
NOTReverses the outcome of an expression
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3.2 – Modificando a Base
Compute: cria novas variáveis utilizando
funções ou operadores.
COMPUTE target variable=expression
Exemplo
IF (agecat <= 2) taxa=accid / pop.
EXECUTE.
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3.2 – Modificando a Base
Recode: modifica ou cria uma nova variável.
RECODE varlist (value list=value)...(value list=value) [INTO varlist]
Exemplo
RECODE agecat (1 2=1) (ELSE=0) INTO menor.
VARIABLE LABELS menor 'Menor de 25'.
VALUE LABELS menor 1 “menor” 0 “caso contrário”.
EXECUTE.
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3.3 – Tabelas Descritivas Frequencies: apresenta as frequência das variáveis
e várias estatísticas descritivas.
SintaxeFREQUENCIES VARIABLES=varlist [varlist...]
[/NTILES=n]
[/PERCENTILES=value list]
[/STATISTICS=[DEFAULT] [MEAN] [STDDEV] [MINIMUM] [MAXIMUM] [SEMEAN] [VARIANCE] [RANGE] [MODE] [MEDIAN] [SUM] [ALL] [NONE]] [/ORDER=[{ANALYSIS}] [{VARIABLE}]
ExemploFREQUENCIES VARIABLES=agecat gender accid pop
/NTILES=4
/STATISTICS=STDDEV VARIANCE RANGE MINIMUM MAXIMUM SEMEAN
/ORDER=ANALYSIS.
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3.3 – Tabelas Descritivas
Descriptives: apresenta estatísticas descritivas das
variáveis.
DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES= varname[(zname)] [varname...]
[/STATISTICS=[DEFAULT**] [MEAN**] [MIN**] [SKEWNESS]]
[STDDEV** ] [SEMEAN] [MAX**] [KURTOSIS] [VARIANCE ] [SUM ]
[RANGE] [ALL]
Exemplo
DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES=gender accid pop
/STATISTICS=MEAN STDDEV MIN MAX.
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 39
3.3 – Tabelas Descritivas
Crosstabs: gera tabelas com dados cruzados de duas ou mais variáveis e algumas estatísticas da relação entre as variáveis.
CROSSTABS [TABLES=]varlist BY varlist [BY...] [/varlist...]
[/CELLS=[{COUNT**}] [ROW ] [EXPECTED [COLUMN] [TOTAL ]
[/STATISTICS=[CHISQ] [CC]
ExemploCROSSTABS
/TABLES=gender BY pop BY agecat
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ CORR
/CELLS=COUNT TOTAL
/COUNT ROUND CELL.
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 40
4. Bases de dados
4.1 – PNAD
3.2 – Censo Escolar
3.3 – Prova Brasil
3.4 – SAEB
3.5 - SPAECE
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 41
4.__ Base ________________
Arquivos dos Microdados
Nome do Arquivo Nível Tamanho Formato
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 42
4.__ Base ________________
Arquivos de IMPUT
Nome do Arquivo Nível Formato
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 43
4.__ Base ________________
Variáveis Identificadoras e Pesos
Nome do Arquivo Nível
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 44
4.__ Base ________________
Principais Variáveis
Nome Descrição Nível
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 45
4.__ Base ________________
Principais Variáveis
Nome Descrição Nível
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 46
4.__ Base ________________
Tabela Descritiva
Edições
Amostra
População
Estratos
Percentuais
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 47
Exercício Final
Faça uma apresentação sobre uma das
bases com 5 tabelas e indicadores que achar
mais importante.
Tente aplicar o maior número de comandos.
Crie uma Sintaxe.
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Introdução ao SPSS – Aplicação aos Microdados Educacionais 48
Principais Comandos do SPSS
Comando Tradução Descrição Sintaxe
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