Download - Intro to the Circulatory System
Intro to the Circulatory System
Question of the Day:
Do all animals have a circulatory system?
Give support for your answer.
3Aquatic OrganismsWithout a Circulatory
System
Goals for the Day
1. List the two types of circulatory systems, how they function, and examples of organisms that have each type of system.
2. Describe the hearts of different vertebrates including the number of chambers and the pathways of the blood.
or Closed
Review from Friday
Open
Examples: Examples:
Circulatory Systems may be:
• Arthropods
• Most Molluscs
• Annelids
• Some Molluscs
• All Vertebrate Animals
or Closed
Circulatory Systems may be:
Open
Differences:• Hemolymph vs. Blood
• Colorless vs. red
• No O2 vs. O2 carriers
7Open vs. Closed Circulatory Systems
Vertebrate Hearts may contain? (chambers)
2 3 4
Examples:
• Fish
Examples:
• Amphibians
• MOST reptiles
Examples:
• Alligators/Crocodiles
• Birds
• Mammals
2 chambered Heart
One circuit (single loop) pathway through the body
Advantage: gills receive O2 –poor blood, capillaries of the body (systemic capillaries) receive O2 rich blood.
Disadvantage: after leaving gills, the blood has lower pressure
3 chambered heart
Adaptation for life on land
2 atria and a 1 ventricle
O2 poor blood is delivered to the lungs, and in some cases the skin for O2 recharging.
4 Chambered Hearts
Heart divided into left and right halves.
Advantage: Provides adequate pressure for both circuits (Pulmonary & Systemic)
Comparison of Circulatory Circuits
in Vertebrates
The Human Heart has 4 Chambers
Ventricles
Two of Which are:
Whose Job is to:
Two of Which are:
AtriaSing., Atrium
Whose Job is to:
Receive blood from circulation
PumpBlood away from the heart
The three types of blood vessels in the cardiovascular (Gk. kardia, heart; L.
vascular, vessel) system are
1.Veins (L. vena, blood vessel)
2.Arteries
3.Capillaries (L. capillus, hair)
Goals for the Day
15
Goals for the Day
1. Be able to list the components of the blood and the rough percentages of each component
2. Be able to label the major structures of the human heart.
Question of the Day
What is the major difference between a 2 chambered and a 3 or 4 chambered heart?
List animals that have each type of heart.
Giant Salamander & Lungfish
Blood is composed of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Blood is composed of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Plasma is composed of
1. Water 90-92%2. Proteins 7-8%3.Gases 4. Salts5.Nutrients6.Other (Hormones)
22
Composition of Blood
23
Goals for the Day
1. Be able to label the major structures of the human heart.
Question of the Day
1. What are the major components of the blood?For each component list its characteristics.
26
Composition of Blood
29
Composition of Blood
Intro to the Respiratory System
Goal for the Day:
Learn the similarities and differences between the respiratory system of humans and other organisms
Question of the Day:
Do all animals have lungs or gills?
What has to be true about animals that lack these?
Do all animals have either lungs or gills?
Question of the Day:
What would have to be true of an organism that lacked these structures?
36Aquatic OrganismsWithout a Respiratory System
& Thin
Requirements of all respiratory systems
Moist
The Lining must be:
• In order for gas to move across a membrane there has to be a liquid for diffusion.
Requirements of all respiratory systems
Surface area to Volume Ratio
Must Have a High:
Oxygen
Requirements of all respiratory systems
Must Extract:
Must Release:
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
Requirements of all respiratory systems
Must Extract:
Must Release: Carbon
Dioxide
•What are the 3 “major” components of air• Nitrogen• Oxygen• Argon• Carbon Dioxide
orSkin
Respiratory surfaces include:
In worms
Exceptions:• Some Aquatic worms
aquatics
Gills
• Aquatic Mammals
• Organisms with no lungs or gills (high SA/V, and thin bodies)
Exceptions:
orSkin
Respiratory surfaces include:
In worms
Exceptions:• Some Aquatic worms
aquatics
Gills
• Aquatic Mammals
• Organisms with no lungs or gills (high SA/V, and thin bodies)
Exceptions:
43Anatomy of Gills in Bony Fishes
or
TracheaeThrough spiracles
Respiratory surfaces include:
In Insects & terrestrial arthropods
• Does an insect have a closed or open circulatory system?
• What do we know about its function then?
In terrestrial Vertebrates
Lungs
• Amphibians (which also breath through their skin, thanks to the amazing properties of water!)
Exceptions:
45Open vs. Closed Circulatory Systems
46Tracheae of Insects
Human respiratory System Pathway
2
3
4Air Enters through
Air Pathway:
2 parts to cycle:
• Amphibians
• MOST reptiles
Muscles Needed:
Oxygen is carried by
RBCs
Fe
HemoglobinWhich Cells
Which contains the metal ion:
Which contain
Carbon Dioxide is carried by
Bicarbonate(HCO3)
PlasmaMainly as the ___ ion
Dissolved in the:
Goals for the Day:
Be able to describe the different types of respiratory systems in organisms.
Review parts of human respiratory system
Question of the Day:
What are the 4 major types of respiratory surfaces?
List examples of organisms that have each kind of respiratory surface?
Which of the following has an open circulatory system?
A. HydraB. EarthwormC. HumanD. SpongeE. Lobster
Identify the curve that is characteristic of hemoglobin of a
mammal that evolved at high elevations
A. AB. BC. C
Which hemoglobin has the greatest affinity for oxygen?
A. AB. BC. C
Closed circulatory system
A. AnnelidaB. ChordataC. EchinodermataD. ArthropodaE. Platyhelminthes
Goals for the Day:
Be able to describe the different types of respiratory systems in organisms.
Learn the major organs involved in digestion
Question of the Day:
When the diaphragm is contracted in which direction does air move? (In our out of the thoracic cavity)
Explain why this is.
Goal for the day
• Be able to describe the basic path of digestion in most animals, and where the process begins.
• Review the evolutionary relationships within animals
RE: Question of the Day
• When the diaphragm is contracted in which direction does air move? (In our out of the thoracic cavity)
Explain why this is.
Which is CORRECT about gas exchange in humans
A. The diaphragm rises and air is pulled into the lungsB. Air is forced down the windpipe when a person
inhalesC. The breathing rate is controlled by the
hypothalamus in the brainD. Hemoglobin carries carbon dioxide and oxygen in
fairly equal amountsE. As humans inhale, the pressure in the chest cavity
decreases and air is drawn into the lungs
Tracheal tubes are found in
A. EarthwormsB. HydraC. FishD. InsectsE. Birds
Breathing in humans is usually regulated by
A. The number of red blood cellsB. The amount of hemoglobin in the bloodC. Inherent genetic controlD. CO2 levels and pH sensorsE. The pituitary gland
In humans, the largest amount of the carbon dioxide produced by the body cells is carried to the lungs as:
A. CO2 attached to hemoglobin in the red blood cells
B. Attached to hemoglobin circulating in the plasma
C. The bicarbonate ion attached to hemoglobinD. CO2 gas in solution in the plasmaE. The bicarbonate ion dissolved in the plasma
Open circulatory system, protostome, exoskeleton
A. AnnelidaB. ChordataC. EchinodermataD. ArthropodaE. Platyhelminthes
Acoelomate, bilateral symmetry
A. AnnelidaB. ChordataC. EchinodermataD. ArthropodaE. Platyhelminthes
Deuterostome, radial symmetry as an adult
A. AnnelidaB. ChordataC. EchinodermataD. ArthropodaE. Platyhelminthes