![Page 1: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Intro to PsychologyHistory,
Approaches, Research/Methods
![Page 2: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Psychology….A short history and a long past.
• Stand alone discipline for 110 years
• Plato/Socrates-Ideas are Innate
• Aristotle-Show me prove it; ideas grow from experience
• Science of behavior and mental processes
![Page 3: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Prescientific Psychology
Some ideas are inborn The mind is a blank slate
Socrates (469-399 B.C.E.) Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.)
Plato (428-348 B.C.E.) Locke (1632-1704)
How are ideas formed?
![Page 4: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Historical Approaches (Waves)• Wave One: Introspection• Wilhelm Wundt
– 1st Psychology Lab– Structuralism (what)
• William James (Harvard)– 1st Psychology Text– Functionalism (why/purpose)
How do our minds adapt to our environment?
What are your immediate sensations?
A rose:
Red
Silky
Aromatic
Soft
![Page 5: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What the heck is this?
![Page 6: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Wave Two: Gestalt• Gestalt Psychology• Max Wertheimer (1880-1943)• Examine a person’s whole
experience.• The whole is more than the sum
of its individual parts.• Gestalt Therapy
![Page 7: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Do you recognize these terms? What do they mean?
Defense mechanismProjectionAnal retentiveId/ego/superego
![Page 9: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Wave Three: Psychoanalysis• Freud (1856-1939)• Psychoanalytic Theory• Critics
UnscientificUnverifiable theories
![Page 10: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Wave Four: Behaviorism• John Watson (1878-1958)• B.F. Skinner• Limit studies to observable
phenomena• Learning through associations• Reinforcement
![Page 11: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Crash Course
2:20-5:30
![Page 12: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Modern Approaches/Perspectives
•Biological•Cognitive•Behavioral•Evolutionary
•Psychoanalytical•Humanistic Approach
•Cross-Cultural
![Page 13: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Biological Approach• Focus: How the body and
brain create emotion, memories, and sensory experiences.
• How might a biological psychologist study test anxiety?
![Page 14: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cognitive Approach• Focus: How we encode,
process, store, and retrieve information.
• How might a cognitive psychologist study test anxiety?
![Page 15: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Psychoanalytical Approach• Focus: How behavior
springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
• Early Childhood• Dreams• How might a
Psychoanalyst approach test anxiety?
![Page 16: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cross-Cultural Approach• Focus: How behavior
and thinking vary across situations and cultures.
• How might someone using this approach study test anxiety?
![Page 17: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Behavioral Approach• Focus: Behaviors are
shaped through a system of rewards/punishments.
• Reinforcement• How might a
Behavioral Psychologist approach test anxiety?
![Page 18: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Humanistic Approach• Focus: Emphasizes that we
have great freedom in directing our future, a large capacity for growth, intrinsic worth, and self-actualization.
• How might a Humanist approach test anxiety?
![Page 19: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Evolutionary Approach• Focus: How nature
selects traits that promote the perpetuation of one’s genes.
• How might someone from this approach study test anxiety?
![Page 20: Intro to Psychologymsroisum.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58825005/7_approaches_-_2-1.pdf• Gestalt Psychology • Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) • Examine a person’s whole experience](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa4a4e9cd76e439bf5dce2a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
7 Approaches Scramble
• Complete with your desk partner (who you are facing or who is facing the front like you)
• Keep the final product on your desk--we will go over as a group