Download - Interplanetary Networking
Interplanetary NetworkingYeah, we mean it.
Mars Exploration
Internet links, on a big scale!
Radios comms on, and to Mars and the Moon
Use FEC: Forward error correct -- redundant information sent to make it easy to recover data when you get an error. Used both on planet and between planets.
Often need to be in orbit to do good comms between planets.
Sun and planet can get in the way!
NASA Haughton-Mars Project 2001 International collaboration Project PlanetNet: Comms for Planetary Exploration,
CSA/NASA/SFU/CRC. MADHR: Collaborative Networking for Exploration Mobile Exploration Technologies: NASA Ames HMP PI: Pascal Lee Chief Engineer/Flight Engineer: Steve Braham Collaborators: Peter Anderson, Rick Alena, Brian Glass,
Bruce Gilbaugh
Mars, on Devon Island
Canadian High Arctic Twenty km Crater, 23 Mya Hostile, permafrost, barren,
bears Mars-like! Astrobiology Geology Exploration technology studies
Mars-like Terrain!
Another Planet
Exploration Technology Studies
Robotics Telemedicine Mission Control Field operations Human/personal comms. Internal Hab comms System security, robustness,
interoperability
Mars Arctic Research Station
Simulated Mars Habitat Two deck, landed
spacecraft format Built by Mars Society NASA researchers on-
board Full “flight” in 2001 Advanced Comms,
computing
Inside a spaceship
“Biggest Mission in the World”
Haughton-Mars Base Camp 2000
2000 Field Season: 150 researchers, 30 journalists
Communications tent connected to Internet via satellite link, 1999 onwards
Science traverses across crater region
Exploration technology studies
Base Camp Region
Arctic/Mars Explorers! Far away from help Far from base Need to talk to other
scientists Bears!
Comms/Sys on Devon
Expedition/Science support Comms systems and physics
experiments Computing experiments Systems integration
experiments Protocol studies Mission Support (NASA JSC)
High Bandwidth Field Systems
Physics limits capabilities of conventional wireless network systems in open field, high bandwidth situations.
Ground multipath dominates at high speed, and spread spectrum and frequency hopping systems fail.
Canyons mean bandwidth must be delivered in the worst multipathing situations!
Advanced Radio Technology
Systems being tested in BC Mars Analog environments for good multipath behavior.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing: advanced, but expensive. 4th generation wireless comms.
Advanced control and monitoring: close to operational needs for Mars exploration.
Radio/SatCom Integrated
Space Communications
Bandwidth, Bit Error Rate, other Quality of Service: faster, cheaper, and maybe even better!
Steerable beams on NASA ACTS: Mars-Sat analog
Marginal links, near horizon, large variation
Mars Comms Physics
Ionospheric propagation: data collection through satcom links.
Tropospheric propagation effects: through radio link behavior, combined with detailed weather data. MGS data.
Multipath performance analysis of radios. Trying to bounce radio signals
Spectrum measurement. Trying to see how complex the radio situation is in the field.
Base Camp
Geology Tent Biology Tent Kitchen Tent, with Shower! Comms Tent (SFU!) Two Toilet Tents and “Pee Drum”
(don’t ask) Village of Personal tents, far from
the Kitchen (no Bear midnight snacking!)
Building a network for Mars
Spacecraft lands on Mars Astronauts, Robots, set up radio
network Hab communicates with
spacecraft in orbit Spacecraft relays messages
between Earth and Mars. Maybe lasers.
Multiple systems
Satellite phone for emergencies
Satellite power amplifier
Satellite digital modem
Network bridge Digital network
radio
Day in the life on Mars
Wake up in morning Receive data from Mission
Control Prepare, do EVA Receive data from EVA
crew, Hab and Mission Control
Transmit data, medical data, to Earth
Radio Repeater Network
Digital packet-level repeating through exploration region
System needs to route packets to right place
Remote network status monitoring
Need for power sources Deployment in a space
suit
Roving!
Global Communication
Interplanetary Networking Protocols
IPN: Interplanetary Networking Protocol, based on older concepts for pushing large files from one planet to another. Trades interactivity for reliability
UDP: Normal UDP/IP, use commercial technology and build what you need.
Telemetry and Robotics Return of data from
remote instruments Tend to be commands
files to robot, or data files back
Earth-control of robotics Tele-operation of robotic
rovers from Hab
File transfer
Reliability Time priority effects protocol MDPv2: broadcast based,
multicast capable. Large, low time priority
IPN: Relying on FEC. Smaller, higher time priority
Applications more than both broadcast or file transfer
PolyLAB’s Interplanetary Mailbox
Use normal mail client protocols (IMAP, POP3) to deliver and read mail on mail server.
Use a special UDP-based (MDPv2) protocol to move messages between Earth and Mars.
Connected Intelligence
Extensive communication required for scientific field exploration
Mission operations requires complex modalities in Human missions
Purely robotic comms solutions don’t work Protocols define capabilities Applications define protocols Transport, then application
Videoconferencing
Broadcast Video and Audio Telemetry Can lose frames for humans Robots respond badly to partial data Humans on both sides in human missions UDP fine SCPS is the IPN equivalent.
Remote Communication
Collaborative Software
Advanced Services
Database access: access and update of information. XML standards/translation services: similar to
WML/WAP. Distributed computing: systems all over the planet Voice input and output: hands tough to use in a
spacesuit! Regional, space, network management
Need to be Alive, Need to be Happy!
Get dirty, smelly Get to know all
the habits of the team
limited entertainment
6-9 months TO Mars
18 months ON Mars
It’s about people
What’s it good for?
Disaster communications Remote communities Developing countries Testing advanced systems