![Page 1: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Interplanetary LasersInterplanetary Lasers
Joss Hawthorn,Jeremy Bailey,Andrew McGrath
Anglo-Australian Observatory
Free space opticalFree space optical communications communications
![Page 2: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
This PresentationThis Presentation
Illustrating the current communications problem
Cost advantages of optical solutionReasons for an Australian
involvement
![Page 3: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Exploration of MarsExploration of Mars
Highlights the communications problem
Long term and substantial past and continuing international investment
![Page 4: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Exploration of MarsExploration of Mars 1960 Two Soviet flyby attempts 1962 Two more Soviet flyby attempts,
Mars 1 1964 Mariner 3, Zond 2 1965 Mariner 4 (first flyby images) 1969 Mariners 6 and 7 1971 Mariners 8 and 9 1971 Kosmos 419, Mars 2 & 3 1973 Mars 4, 5, 6 & 7 (first landers) 1975 Viking 1, 1976 Viking 2
![Page 5: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Exploration of MarsExploration of Mars
1988 Phobos 1 and 2 1992 Mars Observer 1996 Mars 96 1997 Mars Pathfinder, Mars Global Surveyor 1998 Nozomi 1999 Climate Orbiter, Polar Lander and Deep
Space 2 2001 Mars Odyssey
![Page 6: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Planned Mars ExplorationPlanned Mars Exploration
2003 Mars Express 2004 Mars Exploration Rovers 2005 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 2007+ Scout Missions 2007 2009 Smart Lander, Long Range Rover 2014 Sample Return
![Page 7: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Interplanetary CommunicationInterplanetary Communication
Radio (microwave) links, spacecraft to Earth
Newer philosophy - communications relay (Mars Odyssey, MGS)
Sensible network topology25-W X-band (Ka-band experimental)
<100 kbps downlink
![Page 8: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Communications BottleneckCommunications Bottleneck
Current missions capable of collecting much more data than downlink capabilities (2000%!)
Currently planned missions make the problem 10x worse
Future missions likely to collect ever-greater volumes of data
![Page 9: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Communications BottleneckCommunications Bottleneck
Increasing downlink rates critical to continued investment in planetary exploration
![Page 10: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Communications BottleneckCommunications Bottleneck
NASA presently upgrading DSNNASA's perception of the problem is
such that they are considering an array of 3600 twelve-metre dishes to accommodate currently foreseen communications needs for Mars alone
![Page 11: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Communications Energy BudgetCommunications Energy Budget
Consider cost of communications reduced to transmitted energy per bit of information received
![Page 12: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Communications Energy BudgetCommunications Energy Budget
• information proportional to number of photons (say, 10 photons per bit)• diffraction-limited transmission so energy density at receiver proportional to (R/DT)-2
• received power proportional to DR2
• photon energy hc /
So: Cost proportional to R2 / (DT
2DR2)
Assumptions:
![Page 13: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Communications Energy BudgetCommunications Energy Budget
Cost proportional to R2 / (DT2DR
2)
X-band transmitter ~ 40 mmLaser transmitter ~ 0.5-1.5 m
Assuming similar aperture sizes and efficiencies, optical wins over microwave by > 3 orders of magnitude
![Page 14: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Long-term SolutionLong-term SolutionOptical communications networks
![Page 15: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Long-term SolutionLong-term SolutionOptical communications networks
![Page 16: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Long-term SolutionLong-term SolutionOptical communications networksAdvantages over radioHigher modulation ratesMore directed energyAnalagous to fibre optics vs. copper
cables
![Page 17: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Lasers in SpaceLasers in SpaceLaser transmitter in Martian orbit
with large aperture telescope
![Page 18: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Lasers in SpaceLasers in SpaceLaser transmitter in Martian orbit
with large aperture telescope
![Page 19: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Lasers in SpaceLasers in SpaceLaser transmitter in Martian orbit with
large aperture telescopeReceiving telescope on or near EarthPreliminary investigations suggest
~100Mbps achievable on 10 to 20 year timescale
Enabling technologies require accelerated development
![Page 20: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Key TechnologiesKey TechnologiesSuitable lasersTelescope tracking and guidingOptical detectorsCost-effective large-aperture
telescopesAtmospheric propertiesSpace-borne telescopes
![Page 21: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Optical spacecraft commsOptical spacecraft comms
ESA have already run intersatellite test
NASA/JPL and Japan presently researching the concept and expect space-ground communications tests in the near future
![Page 22: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
An Australian RoleAn Australian RoleAustralian organisations have unique
capabilities in the key technologies required for deep space optical communications links
Existing DSN involvement High-power, high beam quality lasers Holographic correction of large telescopes Telescope-based instrumentation Telescope tracking and guiding
![Page 23: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The University of AdelaideThe University of AdelaideOptics Group, Department of Physics
and Mathematical Physics– High power, high beam quality, scalable
laser transmitter technology – Holographic mirror correction – Presently developing high power lasers
and techniques for high optical power interferometry for the US Advanced LIGO detectors
![Page 24: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Anglo-Australian ObservatoryAnglo-Australian ObservatoryTelescope technology Pointing and tracking systems Atmospheric transmission (seeing,
refraction) Cryogenic and low noise detectors Narrowband filter technology
![Page 25: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Australian Centre for Space PhotonicsAustralian Centre for Space Photonics
Manage a portfolio of research projects in the key technologies for an interplanetary optical communications link
Work in close collaboration with overseas organizations such as NASA and JPL
![Page 26: Interplanetary Lasers Joss Hawthorn, Jeremy Bailey, Andrew McGrath Anglo-Australian Observatory Free space optical communications](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1ae57f8b9ab059978c0b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Take advantage of unique Australian capabilities
Australian technology critical to deep space missions
Continued important role in space
FOR MORE INFO...
http://www.aao.gov.au/lasers
Australian Centre for Space PhotonicsAustralian Centre for Space Photonics