Download - Internship Report Warda Khawar
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I`x{~ mi dcc @ dkgomqcenae Dccdf Dcl`af~p qfm fd{ hce{{en le q`~f ~fe gomqcenae don
kmuxdae ~m kmlzce~e ~f`{ `o~exo{f`z/ @ dl axd~eiuc ~m Dccdf imx dcc ~fe xe{zek~ don
dzzxek`d~`mo @ fdn heeo dhce ~m edxo ixml ~fe {~dii myex ~fexe/
Di~ex ~fd~ @ qmucn dkgomqcenae lp zdxeo~{ qfm fdye zxmy`nen le q`~f eyexp
mzzmx~uo`~p ~m cedxo don imx a`y`oa le do eoy`xmoleo~ ~fd~ `{ y`~dc don fecziuc `o
cedxo`oa/ Qfd~eyex @ fdye dkf`eyen `o lp c`ie `{ hekdu{e mi ~fel/
Oev~# @ qmucn ^fdog Lx/ Idfleen @nxee{ imx au`n`oa le ~fxmuafmu~ lp `o~exo{f`z don
dcqdp{ xe{zmon`oa lp tuex`e{/ F`{ d{{`{~doke qd{ dcqdp{ ~fexe qfeoeyex @ oeenen `~/
Di~ex ~fd~ @ dl hmuon ~m evzxe{{ ~fdog{ ~m ~fe {~dii d~ Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp imx
fecz`oa le `o cedxo`oa fmq ~m nm ~f`oa{ `o ~fe mxado`rd~`mo/
Zdx~`kucdxcp# @ dl axd~eiuc ~m Lx/ Odneel G`pdo` don L{/ Dlod Odbdl imx zxmy`n`oa le
q`~f mo {zm~ au`ndoke# xeldxgdhce {uaae{~`mo{# kmo{~do~ eokmuxdaeleo~# don
kmo{~xuk~`ye kx`~`k`{l/ ^fe{e ~qm leo~mx{ fdye d yexp ix`eoncp kmlluo`kd~`mo {~pce
qf`kf ldne cedxo`oa ~f`oa{ eyeo lmxe iuo don ed{`ex imx le/
@o ~fe eon @ qmucn c`ge ~m ~fdog F[D imx a`y`oa le d kfdoke ~m zdx~ mi `~ don ad`o ~fe
evzex`eoke ~fd~ q`cc fecz le `o lp zxmie{{`modc kdxeex ~fxmuafmu~ lp c`ie/
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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^fe zuxzm{e mi ~f`{ `o~exo{f`z xezmx~ `{ ~m {fdxe ~fe zxmke{{ mi cedxo`oa don
evzex`eoke @ fdye uonexqeo~ nux`oa ~fe kmux{e mi lp `o~exo{f`z d~ Fedc~f [exy`ke{
Dkdnelp/
^fe hd{`k xed{mo hef`on {ecek~`oa ~f`{ mxado`rd~`mo qd{ ~m axd{z do `ned mi fmq do
du~momlmu{ hmnp qmxg`oa uonex ~fe L`o`{~xp mi Fedc~f qmxg{ don fmq lukf `~ n`iiex{
ixml ~fe amyexoleo~dc mxado`rd~`mo{/
^f`{ xezmx~ `{ dc{m d xetu`xeleo~ mi ~fe Kml{d~{ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don
^ekfomcmap mo ~fe kmlzce~`mo mi ~fe ldond~mxp `o~exo{f`z/ ^fe `o~exoee `{ xetu`xen ~m
{fdxe n`iiexeo~ ~f`oa{ dhmu~ ~fe mxado`rd~`mo# f`{ evzex`eoke# cedo`oa{# kmokcu{`mo{
don xekmlleond~`mo{/
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Eveku~`ye {ulldxp5
@o{~`~u~`modc f`{~mxp/9L`{{`mo don Y`{`mo//1Amdc{ mi ~fe Dkdnelp1Mhbek~`ye{//1@o~xmnuk~`moF[D eoy`xmoleo~/6Nmomx{ mi F[D/6Daxeeleo~{ {`aoen//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////0Kmccdhmxd~`mo{///0Dkf`eyeleo~{/4:Idk`c`~`e{44
Ixml Fuldo Xe{muxke Zex{zek~`yeXekxu`~leo~//44^xd`o`oa/48^xd`o`oa Oeen{ Dodcp{`{///48Elzcmpee Neyecmzleo~48Kmlzeo{d~`mo ldodaeleo~4;[dcdxp4;M~fex heoei`~{//4;Zeximxldoke ldodaeleo~///4>Ixml I`odoke Zex{zek~`ye//45Nezdx~leo~{ mi F[DDnl`o`{~xd~`mo40I`odoke///8:[~uneo~ Diid`x{///8;@oimxld~`mo ^ekfomcmap///;4Dkdnel`k;;
M~fex Xmce{ don Iuok~`mo{Eveku~`ye N`xek~mx85N`xek~mx Mii`ke///81Zxmbek~ Ldodaeleo~80
Ixml ldxge~`oa Zex{zek~`yeLdxge~`oa l`v mi F[DZxmnuk~;5Zx`ke/;1Zcdke;6Zxmlm~`mo>:Kmlze~`~`ye [~xd~eap//>4Hu{`oe{{ Zxmke{{ Dodcp{`{///>8
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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[QM^ dodcp{`{[~xeoa~f{//>>Qedgoe{{e{>5Mzzmx~uo`~`e{>9^fxed~{//>1
Cedxo`oa d{ d {~uneo~ `o~exoNu~`e{>6Dkkmlzc`{fleo~{5>Oeq gomqcenae dktu`xen//59
Zxmhcel eokmuo~exen/50Fmq evzex`eoke `lzdk~{ lp kdxeex9:Kmokcu{`mo{9;Xekmlleond~`mo{/95Mxadomaxdl mi F[D/91H`hc`maxdzfp96
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp `{ do du~momlmu{ ~edkf`oa `o{~`~u~`mo uonex ~fe L`o`{~xp mi
Fedc~f# dk~`ye `o ~edkf`oa don xe{edxkf `o ~fe i`ecn mi zuhc`k fedc~f/ @~{ ld`o elzfd{`{
don `lze~u{ `{ mo dnnxe{{`oa ~fe zuhc`k fedc~f oeen{ mi ~fe kmuo~xp/ @~ `{ {~x`y`oa ~m
dkf`eye ~fe dkdnel`k evkecceoke `o zuhc`k fedc~f don xe{edxkf/ Moe mi ~fe ld`o
mhbek~`ye{ mi ~fe Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp `{ ~m zxmnuke kmlze~eo~# kmll`~~en don
{g`ccen zuhc`k fedc~f zxmie{{`modc{ qfm kdo d{{`{~ `o ~xdo{cd~`mo mi dktu`xen gomqcenae
`o~m {muon ey`neoke hd{en zmc`k`e{ don zxdk~`ke{/Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp qd{ e{~dhc`{fen `o 4066 d{ do `o,{exy`ke ~xd`o`oa `o{~`~u~e
imx zuhc`k fedc~f zxmie{{`modc{ uonex ~fe Ienexdc L`o`{~xp mi Fedc~f/ @o 8:::# F[D
dkf`eyen ~fe {~d~u{ mi do du~momlmu{ `o{~`~u~`mo di~ex ~fe zxmlucad~`mo mi Fedc~f
[exy`ke{ Dkdnelp du~momlp Mxn`odoke/ F[D miiex{ ~fe imccmq`oa Zm{~ Axdnud~e
Dkdnel`k Zxmaxdl{ ~m zuhc`k fedc~f zxmie{{`modc{2
Ld{~ex{ mi [k`eoke Zuhc`k Fedc~f , 8 pedx{ zxmaxdl , L[ZF
Ld{~ex{ mi [k`eoke Zuhc`k Fedc~f , ; pedx{ zxmaxdl Ev L[ZF
Zm{~ axdnud~e n`zcmld `o Len`kdc don Eo~mlmcmap don N`{ed{e Yek~mx Kmo~xmc/
ZAN,LEN YK
/ Ld{~ex mi [k`eoke `o I`ecn Ez`nel`mcmap
Ld{~ex{ mi [k`eoke Fedc~f Ekmoml`k{ don Ldodaeleo~ L[FEL
Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp `{ `o zxmke{{ mi ae~~`oa `o~m daxeeleo~{ q`~f ydx`mu{
`o~exod~ modc uo`yex{`~`e{ imx evkfdoae mi gomqcenae# evzex~`{e# idkuc~p# {~uneo~{#
idk`c`~`e{ don d{{`{~doke `o neyecmzleo~ mi kuxx`kucul imx cduokf`oa imx oeq zxmaxdl{/
^m nd~e F[D fdye {ukke{{iuccp {`aoen daxeeleo~{ q`~f ydx`mu{ uo`yex{`~`e{/
Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp `{ dc{m `o zxmke{{ mi ae~~`oa `o~m daxeeleo~{ q`~f ydx`mu{
Amyexoleo~dc Mxado`rd~`mo{ don Omo Amyexoleo~ Mxado`rd~`mo{ &OAM{) d~ od~`modc
don `o~exod~`modc ceyec imx neyecmz`oa kmccdhmxd~`mo{ don {eeg`oa d{{`{~doke `o ~fe i`ecn
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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mi Xe{edxkf Neyecmzleo~# N`{{el`od~`mo mi Gomqcenae# [~uneo~ [uzzmx~ don
Kdzdk`~p Hu`cn`oa mi zuhc`k fedc~f zxmie{{`modc{/
Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp qd{ e{~dhc`{fen `o 4066 d{ d nezdx~leo~ mi ~fe L`o`{~xp mi
Fedc~f# Amyexoleo~ mi Zdg`{~do# don zxmy`nen {fmx~ kmux{e{ don ~xd`o`oa imx zuhc`k
fedc~f zxmie{{`modc{/ [`oke `~{ fulhce hea`oo`oa{ d{ d ~xd`o`oa `o{~`~u~e# ~fe Dkdnelp
fd{ axmqo {~edn`cp don fd{ e{~dhc`{fen `~{eci d{ ~fe zxel`ex `o{~`~u~e mi zuhc`k fedc~f `o
Zdg`{~do# cmmg`oa ~m zxmy`ne lmxe dkdnel`k zxmaxdlle{ `o ~fe oedx iu~uxe# d{ qecc d{
zxmy`n`oa do eoy`xmoleo~ ~fd~ imku{e{ mo evkecceoke `o dkdnel`k{# xe{edxkf# don
zmc`kp,ldg`oa/
Q`~f d{{`{~doke ixml ~fe Aexldo ^ekfo`kdc Kmmzexd~`mo &A^R)# F[D heado ~m miiex d
Ld{~ex!{ `o Zuhc`k Fedc~f &LZF) neaxee `o 4005# don ~fe i`x{~ hd~kf mi {~uneo~{
axdnud~en `o 4009/ ^fe `o`~`dc kuxx`kucul qd{ ne{`aoen hp Nx/ Dxoix`en D/ G`ecldoo
don Nx/ [dleeo [`nn`t`/ Nux`oa ~fe zd{~ ~eo pedx{# e`af~ kmfmx~{ mi dculo` fdye
axdnud~en ixml ~fe `o{~`~u~`mo q`~f d Ld{~ex!{ `o Zuhc`k Fedc~f &LZF)# don ~fe{e
dculo` dxe omq eoadaen `o d q`ne xdoae mi evk`~`oa eonedymx{ dkxm{{ Zdg`{~do `o hm~f
~fe zuhc`k don zx`yd~e {ek~mx/ ^fe Dkdnelp xeld`o{ ~fe lm{~ dzzc`en ~m {kfmmc mizuhc`k fedc~f `o Zdg`{~do# don `{ e{~dhc`{fen don qecc mo `~{ qdp ~m dkf`ey`oa `~{
`o{~`~u~`modc mhbek~`ye{/
[`oke dcc cedn`oa dkdnel`k don xe{edxkf mxado`rd~`mo{ xetu`xe du~momlmu{ {~d~u{ `o
mxnex ~m kxed~e do eoy`xmoleo~ mi dkdnel`k evkecceoke# ~fe L`o`{~xp mi Fedc~f
zxmlucad~en do mxn`odoke eo~`~ce Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp Mxn`odoke# 8::8# zu~ `o~m
zcdke `o Omyelhex# 8::8/ Imccmq`oa ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo mi ~f`{ mxn`odoke ixml Bucp 4#
8::;# ~fe Hmdxn mi Amyexomx{ fd{ heeo {uzexy`{`oa ~fe myexdcc diid`x{ mi ~fe Dkdnelp/
Xekeo~cp# F[D fd{ lmyen ~m d oeq kdlzu{ `o Kfdg [fdfrdn# xey`{en `~{ LZF
zxmaxdlle ~m d ~qm,pedx L[ZF zxmaxdlle# don `{ `o ~fe zxmke{{ mi myexfduc`oa dcc
`~{ @^ `oixd{~xuk~uxe# `~{ c`hxdxp# don `~{ dkdnel`k xuce{ don xeaucd~`mo{/ Uonex ~fe oeq
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
http://www.hsa.edu.pk/aboutus/news/2006/mar-newbuild.htmlhttp://www.hsa.edu.pk/academics/msph.htmlhttp://www.hsa.edu.pk/aboutus/news/2006/mar-newbuild.htmlhttp://www.hsa.edu.pk/academics/msph.html -
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cednex{f`z mi Nx/ D{{dn Fdieer# N`xek~mx F[D# don Nx/ Zduc Xuekgex~# Zx`ok`zce
Dny`{mx ~m F[D# A^R# `~ `{ fmzen ~fd~ F[D q`cc zxmnuke qecc,~xd`oen don kmlze~eo~
zuhc`k fedc~f zxmie{{`modc{# don ~fu{ `lzxmye fedc~f kdxe nec`yexp `o Zdg`{~do/
Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp zx`ne{ `~{eci mo `~{ `o{`{~eoke mo f`af {~dondxn{ imx xe{edxkf#
dkdnel`k{# don zmc`kp,ldg`oa/ ^fe imccmq`oa {~d~eleo~{ mu~c`oe ~fe l`{{`mo don y`{`mo
mi ~fe `o{~`~u~`mo/
L`{{`mo [~d~eleo~
D{ do `o{~`~u~`mo mi f`afex cedxo`oa# ~fe Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp zxmy`ne{ ~edkf`oa#
xe{edxkf# don {exy`ke zxmaxdlle{ ~fd~ zxezdxe {~uneo~{ ~m dnnxe{{ ~fe zuhc`k fedc~f
oeen{ mi Zdg`{~do don ~fe {uxxmuon`oa xea`mo `o d {e~~`oa ~fd~ ydcue{ don neyecmz{
dkdnel`k evkecceoke `o ~edkf`oa don xe{edxkf# dkdnel`k ixeenml# cednex{f`z don
{exy`ke ~m {mk`e~p/
Y`{`mo [~d~eleo~
Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp d{z`xe{ ~m hekmle d xea`modc dkdnel`k keo~xe mi evkecceoke
`o zuhc`k fedc~f ~xd`o`oa# zmc`kp imxlucd~`mo don Moam`oa Xe{edxkf ~fd~ `{ od~`modccp
don `o~exod~`modccp dkkxen`~en/
Amdc mi ~fe Dkdnelp
^fe amdc mi ~fe Dkdnelp `{ ~m `lzxmye ~fe fedc~f mi ~fe zmzucd~`mo mi Zdg`{~do don `~{
{uxxmuon`oa xea`mo hp eofdok`oa fuldo xe{muxke neyecmzleo~ don kmo~x`hu~`mo ~m
ey`neoke,hd{en zmc`k`e{ don zxdk~`ke{/
@o{~`~u~`modc Mhbek~`ye{
^fe mhbek~`ye{ mi ~fe `o{~`~u~`mo dxe ~m2
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Zxmnuke kmlze~eo~# kmll`~~en don {g`ccen zuhc`k fedc~f zxmie{{`modc{/
N`{kmyex don n`{{el`od~e oeq gomqcenae `o ~fe i`ecn mi zuhc`k fedc~f/
D{{`{~ `o ~fe ~xdo{cd~`mo mi ~fe gomqcenae `o~m {muon ey`neoke,hd{en zmc`k`e{ don
zxdk~`ke{/
^fe{e mhbek~`ye{ q`cc he xedc`ren hp dnfex`oa ~m `o{~`~u~`modc ydcue{# {ukf d{ d lex`~,
hd{en {p{~el# ~xdo{zdxeokp# don tudc`~p# ~m he `lzceleo~en ~fxmuaf d
luc~`n`{k`zc`odxp ~edl# oe~qmxg`oa don d {u{~d`odhce `o{~`~u~`modc `oixd{~xuk~uxe/
F[D Eoy`xmoleo~
F[D fd{ d yexp ammn qmxg`oa eoy`xmoleo~/ @ fdn d yexp ammn cedxo`oa evzex`eoke
qf`kf q cc he mi eomxlmu{ fecz ~m le `o ~fe iu~uxe/ ^fe {~dii ~fexe qd{ yexp
evzex`eoken don cedxoen/ ^fep qexe dcc yexp fecziuc don ix`eoncp qf`kf ldne ~fe
eoy`xmoleo~ dndz~`ye don lmxe zced{do~ imx le/ Qfeo @ qd{ d{{`aoen ~fe ~d{g{# @
qd{ d{gen ~m dkkmlzc`{f ~fel ~fe qdp @ ~f`og/ ^f`{ adye le d cm~ mi kmoi`neoke `o
lp{eci don lp nek`{`mo dh`c`~`e{/ Eyexp lmleo~ ~fexe `{ d lmleo~ mi cedxo`oa ixml
m~fex{ evzex`eoke{ don gomqcenae/ Dopmoe q`~f ~fe ne{`xe ~m qmxg don cedxo q`cc i`onF[D ~fe`x g`on mi qmxg`oa zcdke/ ^fexe `{ d xe{zek~ imx n`yex{`~p `o ~fe qmxg
eoy`xmoleo~/ ^fe elzcmpee{ qfm hecmoa ~m dop l`omx`~p axmuz mx m~fex kuc~uxe{ dxe
xe{zek~en `o ~fe {dle qdp d{ m~fex{ don nm om~ ieec ~fd~ ~fep nm om~ hecmoa ~m ~fe
ldbmx`~p/ @ lp{eci am~ ~fe kfdoke ~m qmxg don kmlluo`kd~e q`~f ~fe zemzce mi n`iiexeo~
xec`a`mo{ don kuc~uxe don `~ qd{ d yexp ammn evzex`eoke imx le/
Nmomx{ mi F[D
C`{~ mi OAM{-Nmomx{2
U[D@N
UOIZD
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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A^R
[dye ~fe Kf`cnxeo &UG)
ZD@LDO
Fuldo Neyecmzleo~ Xe{edxkf Imuond~`mo FNXI
Daxeeleo~{ [`aoen2
F[D fd{ {`aoen `~{ daxeeleo~{ q`~f ~fe imccmq`oa imx ydx`mu{ zuxzm{e{2
Uo`yex{`~p mi Bmfo Fmzg`o{ &@o~exod~`modc)
Uo`yex{`~p mi C`yex Zmmc/ &@o~exod~`modc)
Tueeo Ldxadxe~~e# Uo`yex{`~p# UG &@o~exod~`modc)
Od~`modc Uo`yex{`~p mi [k`eoke don ^ekfomcmap &Od~`modc)
Kmccdhmxd~`mo{2
F[Dkmccdhmxd~e{ q`~f ldop n`iiexeo~ `o{~`~u~`mo{ imx ~fe zuxzm{e mi ~xd`o`oa# evkfdoae
mi idkuc~p# kdzdk`~p hu`cn`oa# evkfdoae mi {~uneo~{# xe{edxkf don m~fex {ukf ~f`oa{/
Ldkgld{~ex Uo`yex{`~p# Kdodnd &@o~exod~`modc)
Cmonmo [kfmmc mi Fpa`eoe don
^xmz`kdc Len`k`oe{ &@o~exod~`modc)
Tud`n,`,Drdl# Uo`yex{`~p &Od~`modc)
Kml{d~{# @{cdldhdn &Od~`modc)
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Kmccdhmxd~`mo{ q`~f Amyexoleo~dc don Omoamyexoleo~dc Mxado`rd~`mo
Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp `{ `o zxmke{{ mi ae~~`oa `o~m daxeeleo~{ q`~f ydx`mu{
Amyexoleo~dc Mxado`rd~`mo{ don Omo Amyexoleo~ Mxado`rd~`mo{ &OAM{) d~ od~`modc
don `o~exod~`modc ceyec imx neyecmz`oa kmccdhmxd~`mo{ don {eeg`oa d{{`{~doke `o ~fe i`ecn
mi Xe{edxkf Neyecmzleo~# N`{{el`od~`mo mi Gomqcenae# [~uneo~ [uzzmx~ don
Kdzdk`~p Hu`cn`oa mi zuhc`k fedc~f zxmie{{`modc{/
F[D fd{ {`aoen ~fe daxeeleo~{ don fd{ kmccdhmxd~`mo{ q`~f ldop mxado`rd~`mo{/ ~f`{
`okcune{ 2
Od~`modc Zxmaxdlle imx Idl`cp Zcdoo`oa Zx`ldxp Fedc~f Kdxe
Od~`modc Zxmaxdlle imx Ld~exodc don Oemod~dc Kf`cn Fedc~f
QFM
UOIZD
U[D@N,ZD@LDO
A^R
FNXI
^XI
[dye ~fe Kf`cnxeo# UG
Dkf`eyeleo~{2
F[D q`{fen ~m neyecmz Xe{edxkf don Neyecmzleo~ kecc qf`kf `~ fd{ neyecmzen q`~f
U[D@N {uzzmx~/ D I`ecn Nelmo{~xd~`mo Dxed fd{ heeo e{~dhc`{fen d~ Ldon`xd/ Don `~ `{
he`oa ld`o~d`oen ~fxmuaf FNXI don kdxx`e{ idk`c`~ e{ imx kmonuk~ oa xe{edxkf hp
{~uneo~{ don idkuc~p
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Idk`c`~`e{ d~ F[D
Imccmq`oa dxe ~fe idk`c`~`e{ dyd`cdhce d~ F[D2
Xe{edxkf don Neyecmzleo~ Kecc
I`ecn Nelmo{~xd~`mo Dxed
C`hxdxp
Kmlzu~ex Cdh
Y`nem Kmoiexeok`oa Idk`c`~`e{
Q`,I` idk`c`~`e{
LENYK Cdh-Xe{edxkf Keo~ex
Ndp Kdxe Keo~ex
[~dii Xmml
Hu{`oe{{ Keo~ex
Qeh{`~e
Xekxu`~leo~
^fexe dxe ~qm g`on{ mi elzcmpee{ `o Fd{# ~fm{e qfm qmxg mo kmo~xdk~ hd{`{ don ~fe
zexldoeo~ elzcmpee{/ ^fe kmo~xdk~ elzcmpee{ dxe lm{~cp f`xen hp U[D@N/ ^fe lm{~
kmllmocp u{en le~fmn mi xekxu`~leo~ `o FD[ `{ ~fxmuaf ~fe dnyex~`{eleo~{/ Qfeo
dop zm{~ `{ ydkdo~# `~ `{ dnyex~`{en `o ~fe oeq{zdzex q`~f ~qm qeeg{ cedn ~`le `o qf`kf
~fe kdon`nd~e{ fdye ~m dzzcp/ ^feo ~fe dzzc`kd~`mo{ dxe xeke`yen don {kxeeoen hp ~fe
kmll`~~ee kdccen ~fe [kxeeo`oa Kmll`~~ee mo ~fe hd{`{ mi ~fe kx`~ex`d e{~dhc`{fen/
^f`{ kmll`~~ee `okcune{ ~fe zemzce ixml N`xek~mx Mii`ke/ Di~ex {kxeeo`oa ~fe `o~exy`eq{
dxe kmonuk~en hp ~fe zdoec/ ^f`{ zdoec `okcune{ ~fe N`xek~mx# U[D@N xezxe{eo~d~`ye#
F[[Z xezxe{eo~d~`ye# fedn mx elzcmpee mi ~fe nezdx~leo~ `o qf`kf ~fe zm{~ `{ ydkdo~/
^fe zdoec ~feo {ecek~{ ~fe lm{~ ec`a`hce zex{mo imx ~fd~ zm{~/ Moe ~f`oa mh{exyen fexe
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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`{ ~fd~ eyeo di~ex dnyex~`{`oa ~fe zm{~# {mle `oicueo~`dc amyexoleo~ zemzce {eon ~fe`x
xeiexeoke{ ~m he f`xen imx ~fe zm{~/
^xd`o`oa don neyecmzleo~
Qfeo dop elzcmpee bm`o{ F[D# fe xeke`ye{ mo ~fe bmh ~xd`o`oa ixml f`{ leo~mx{/ Qfd~
d oeq elzcmpee oeen{ `o F[D `{ do uonex{~don`oa mi fmq qmxg `{ nmoe ~fexe/ ^fep
dxe m~fexq`{e yexp evzex`eoken `o ~fe`x i`ecn{/ Lmxemyex qfeo do elzcmpee `{
d{{`aoen dop oeq ~d{g{ mx zxmbek~# ~feo fe xeke`ye{ ~xd`o`oa mo fmq ~m zeximxl ~fm{e
~d{g{ don qmxg mo zxmbek~/
^xd`o`oa oeen{ dodcp{`{
Elzcmpee{ zeximxldoke `{ dzzxd`{en d~ ~fe eon mi ~fe pedx/ ^fexe `{ d {ek~`mo `o ~fe
dzzxd`{dc imxl ~`~cen (~xd`o`oa oeen{(/ Di~ex dzzxd`{`oa ~fe zeximxldoke ~fe dzzxd`{ex
`neo~`i`e{ ~fe ~xd`o`oa oeen{ mi d zdx~`kucdx elzcmpee/ ^feo d km{~ heoei`~ dodcp{`{ mi
a`y`oa ~fe ~xd`o`oa `{ kdxx`en mu~/ @i ~fe ~xd`o`oa `{ km{~ eiiek~`ye ~feo ~fe elzcmpee `{
a`yeo ~fe zxmzex ~xd`o`oa `o ~fm{e qedg dxed{/ M~fexq`{e ~fe m~fex ce{{ `lzmx~do~
~xd`o`oa{ zcdooen dxe ku~ nmqo imx ~fd~ zex`mn don ~fe f`afc`af~en dxed{ dxe a`yeo ~fe
`lzmx~doke/ ^fe{e dxed{ ~fd~ dxe `neo~`i`en `o dzzxd`{dc dxe om~ `aomxen zxmy`nen ~fd~
~fe{e dxe `neo~`i`en imx ~fe i`x{~ ~`le don ~fe elzcmpee fd{ om~ xeke`yen dop ~xd`o`oa `o
~fd~ dxed heimxe/
Elzcmpee neyecmzleo~
F[D dc{m imku{e{ mo `~{ elzcmpee{ iu~uxe mx`eo~en ~xd`o`oa/ @~ dxxdoae{ n`iiexeo~
qmxg{fmz{# cek~uxe{# {el`odx{# kmoiexeoke{# zdzex don zm{~ex zxe{eo~d~`mo{ hm~f
od~`modc don `o~exod~`modc imx `~{ elzcmpee{/ [fmx~ kmux{e{ dxe dc{m miiexen ~m ~fe
elzcmpee{/ F[D dc{m {eon{ `~{ elzcmpee{ ~m imxe`ao d{{`aoleo~{ imx ~fe zuxzm{e mi
kdzdk`~p hu`cn`oa mi elzcmpee{ don F[D/
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Kmlzeo{d~`mo ldodaeleo~
^fe zuxzm{e mi FX xeqdxn {p{~el `{ ~m miiex i`odok`dc don omo i`odok`dc `okeo~`ye{ ~fd~
{exye ~fe zuxzm{e mi elzcmpee lm~`yd~`mo don {d~`{idk~`mo/ ^fe kmlzeo{d~`mo `o F[D
`{ om~ ~eouxe hd{en xd~fex `~ `{ hd{en mo ~fe {g`cc{# tudc`i`kd~ mo{ don kdzdh`c`~`e{ mi ~fe
elzcmpee{/ Imx evdlzce ~fe Zxmbek~ Ldodaex `{ zd`n lmxe fexe d{ kmlzdxen ~m ~fe
D{{`{~do~ N`xek~mx imx ~fe xed{mo ~fd~ fex {g`cc{ dxe lmxe don {fe `{ nedc`oa q`~f ~fe
nmomx{ lmxemyex {fe `{ d kmo~xdk~udc elzcmpee don ~fe DN `{ d zexldoeo~ elzcmpee/
Om~ mocp moe ~pze mi kmlzeo{d~`mo {p{~el `{ u{en fexe/ ^fe elzcmpee{ {ecek~en
lu~udccp hp F[D don U[D@N fdye n`iiexeo~ {dcdx`e{ d{ kmlzdxen ~m ~fe elzcmpee{
f`xen hp F[D/ ^fe `okxeleo~{ dxe nek`nen mo ~fe hd{`{ mi ~fe zeximxldoke dzzxd`{dc{/
^fe {dcdxp mi F[D elzcmpee{ kmoimxl{ ~m ~fe xd~e{ he`oa miiexen `o ~fe ldxge~/ [ukfevexk`{e eo{uxe{ ce{{ elzcmpee ~uxomyex don eokmuxdae{ `onuk~`mo mi tudc`~p
ldozmqex `o F[D/ Imx ~f`{ zuxzm{e kmo{uc~do~{ dxe dzzm`o~en imx zex`mn`k {dcdxp
{uxyep ~m geez dhxed{~ q`~f ~fe kuxxeo~ ldxge~ {`~ud~`mo/ ^fe xe{uc~{ mi ~fe {dcdxp
{uxyep dxe `okmxzmxd~en `o ~fe {dcdxp {kdce{ mi elzcmpee{/ Dc~exod~`yecp {dcdxp {kdce{
mi F`afex Enukd~`mo Kmll`{{`mo imx dkdnel`k {~dii dxe dc{m dnmz~en/ Hu~ `o kd{e mi
kmo~xdk~udc elzcmpee{# ~fe {dcdx`e{ dxe oeam~`d~en/
M~fex heoei`~{
^fe m~fex heoei`~{ zxmy`nen hp F[D ~m `~{ elzcmpee{ `okcune
@o{uxdoke2 d kmlzxefeo{`ye `o{uxdoke kmyexdae `{ zxmy`nen ~fd~ `okcune{ dkk`neo~#
fedc~f# c`ie don ld~exo`~p `o{uxdoke
Cedye{2 ~fe zmc`kp mi zd`n cedye{ `{ `o zcdke {~d~`oa ~fe ldv`lul cedye{ ~fd~ kdo he
dyd`cen# eokd{fen# kdxx`en imxqdxn# ld~exo`~p# zd~exo`~p# {`kg# {~unp# ~xd`o`oa# zuhc`kfmc`ndp{ e~k
[uh{`{~eoke dccmqdoke{2 @~ `okcune{ zex n`el xd~e{ imx cmkdc# mu~{~d~`mo don
`o~exod~ modc qmxg# ~fe lmne mi ~xdyec imx n`iiexeo~ elzcmpee{ kd~eamx e{# fm~ec{#
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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ledc{ e~k/ Iux~fex kmlzce~e xuce{ don xeaucd~`mo{ xeadxn`oa xe`lhux{eleo~ fdye dc{m
heeo neyecmzen/
^xd`o`oa don neyecmzleo~ zcdo{ imx dcc elzcmpee{# {zek`dccp# dkdnel`k {~dii# {fmucn
dxe ney`{en q`~f elzfd{`{ mo FX neyecmzleo~/ ^fe ~xd`o`oa km{~{ `okcun`oa hmdxn`oa#
cmna`oa# zd`n cedye{ dxe hmxoe hp F[D mx `o kmccdhmxd~`mo q`~f ~fe neyecmzleo~
daeokp/
Fmomxdx`ul `{ a`yeo ~m dkdnel`k don {uzzmx~ {~dii `oymcyen `o xe{edxkf don kmo{uc~`oa
dk~`y`~`e{/ ^fe hd{`{ mi kdckucd~ oa {ukf {fdxe imx F[D hd{en d{{`aoleo~{ don
d{{`aoleo~{ hxmuaf~ mo `on`y`nudc hd{`{ hp F[D {~dii mx ~f`xn zdx~p `{ `o zcdke/
Zxmy`{`mo{ imx cmdo{ don dnydoke{ don ~fe`x xeaucd~`mo{ don xekmyexp dxe ldne d{ d
ledo imx zxmy`n`oa lm~`yd~`mo ~m ~fe elzcmpee{/
Zeximxldoke Ldodaeleo~
^fe zeximxldoke dzzxd`{dc `{ nmoe d~ ~fe eon mi edkf pedx/ ^fe dzzxd`{dc imxl{ dxe
zxmy`nen ~m nezdx~leo~ fedn{# qfm i`cc `o ~fm{e imxl{/ ^feo ~fe dzzxd`{dc imxl{ dxe
eydcud~en ~m {ee `i ~fe elzcmpee{ dxe lee~`oa ~fe {e~ zeximxldoke {~dondxn{ don
amdc{/ @i ~fep nm# ~fep dxe xeqdxnen q`~f ~fe `okxeleo~ `o ~fe`x zdp don `i om~ ~feo ~fe
zxmhcel dxed{ dxe `neo~`i`en/ @i ~fe zeximxldoke kdo he zu~ ~m ~xdkg q`~f ~fe ~xd`o`oa#
~fe ~xd`o`oa `{ zxmy`nen di~ex ~fe km{~ heoei`~{ dodcp{`{/ mx `i ~fexe dxe dop omo ~xd`o`oa
zxmhcel{# ~feo ~fe du~fmx`~`e{ ~xp ~m kmxxek~ ~fel ~m ae~ ~fe elzcmpee{ zeximxldoke
hdkg ~m ~fe ne{`xen ceyec/
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Hecmq dxe ~fe xeyeoue don evzeon`~uxe{ i`auxe{ imx ~fe pedx 8::0 don 8:4: qf`kf q`cc
zxmy`ne q`~f do `ned mi ~fe zxe{eo~ i`odok`dc z`k~uxe mi F[D/
Evzeon`~uxe mi Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp
I`odok`dc Pedx 8::0,8:4:
[/Om [muxke{Iuon{
&L`cc`mo{)Iuon{
&Xuzee{) %dae
4 Amyexoleo~ &Cdz{dhce D{{`aoleo~)1/5: 0/04
8 Amyexoleo~ &Z[NZ)
6/:: 4:/51
; B[@ &ZD@LDO)4/80 4/1:
> QFM4
;/58 41/69
5 UOIZD:/04 4/8:
9 U[D@N8
0/55 ;0/:;
1 [DYE FE KF@CNXEO:/;4 :/>4
6 F[D ixml Mqo [muxke{4
>/9: 40/;8
^m~dc 15/964:
:/::
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Evzeon`~uxe mi Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp
imx IP 8::0,8:4:
1/5: # 4:%
6/:: # 44%
4/80 # 8%
4>/91 # 8:%
:/04 # 4%
8>/6: # ;5%
4/84 # 8%
4;/91 # 40%
Amyexoleo~ &Cdz{dhce
D{{`aoleo~)
Amyexoleo~ &Z[NZ)
B[@ &ZD@LDO)
QFM
UOIZD
U[D@N
[DYE ^FE KF@CNXEO
F[D ixml Mqo [muxke{
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Xeyeoue mi Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp
I`odok`dc Pedx 8::0,8:4:
[/Om [muxke{
Iuon{
&L`cc`mo{) %dae
4 Amyexoleo~ &Cdz{dhce D{{`aoleo~)1/
5: 4:/>4
8 Amyexoleo~ &Z[NZ)6/
:: 44/4:
; B[@ &ZD@LDO)4/
80 4/10
> QFM4>/
91 8:/;9
5 UOIZD:/
04 4/89
9 U[D@N8>/
6: ;>/>8
1 [DYE FE KF@CNXEO4/
84 4/96
6 F[D ixml Mqo [muxke{4;/
91 46/06
^m~dc 18/:94::/:
:
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Xeyeoue Kfdx~ mi Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp
imx IP 8::0,8:4:
1/5: # 4:%
6/:: # 44%
4/80 # 8%
4>/91 # 8:%
:/04 # 4%
8>/6: # ;5%
4/84 # 8%
4;/91 # 40%
Amyexoleo~ &Cdz{dhce D{{`aoleo~)
Amyexoleo~ &Z[NZ)
B[@ &ZD@LDO)
QFM
UOIZD
U[D@N
[DYE FE KF@CNXEO
F[D ixml Mq o [muxke{
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Dnl`o`{~xd~`mo
Xmce{ don Iuok~`mo{
Xmce{2
Aeoexdc Dnl`o`{~xd~`ye Nu~`e{
Eo{uxe{ eii k`eo~ eveku~`mo mi dcc dnl`o`{~xd~`ye zxmke{{e{ `o F[D `o
dkkmxndoke q`~f ~fe xuce{ don xeaucd~`mo mi ~fe Dkdnelp
@o kmmzexd~`mo q`~f ~fe Eveku~`ye N`xek~mx# xey`eq{ kuxxeo~ dnl`o`{~xd~`ye
xuce{ don zmc`k`e{ don# qfeo oeenen# ldge dleonleo~{ ~fexemi
N`{{el`od~e{ ~fxmuaf ydx`mu{ ledo{ &e/a/ qmxg{fmz# ~edl {e{{`mo{) oeq
xuce{ don zmc`k`e{ don eo{uxe{ {~dii kmlzc`doke
Neyecmz{ don ld`o~d`o{ dnl`o`{~xd~`ye xekmxn{ {p{~el
Zxmy`ne{ dnl`o`{~xd~`ye {exy`ke{ ~m dcc dkdnel`k don omo,dkdnel`k {~dii
Kmmxn`od~e{ ~fe mu~{muxk`oa mi {exy`ke{
[mc`k`~{ zxmzm{dc{ ixml n`iiexeo~ {exy`ke zxmy`nex{
D{{e{{ miiex{ `o ~exl{ mi# dlmoa m~fex{# tudc ~p mi {exy`ke# zx`ke don
xezu~d~`mo mi zxmy`nex
[ecek~{ {exy`ke zxmy`nex don `oimxl ~fel dkkmxn`oacp
Zex{mooec Dnl`o`{~xd~`mo don Ldodaeleo~
D{{`{~{ ~fe Kmll`~~ee mo Dzzm`o~leo~{ don Zxmlm~`mo `o zcdoo`oa don
`lzceleo~`oa {~dii xekxu`~leo~ don zxmlm~`mo zxmkenuxe{
Zdx~`k`zd~e{ `o ~fe {ecek~`mo zxmke{{
@o kmmxn`od~`mo q`~f ~fe Eveku~`ye N`xek~mx# zxezdxe{ qmxg`oa kmo~xdk~{
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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@{{ue{ dzzm`o~leo~ zdzex{ ~dg`oa `o~m dkkmuo~ `on`y`nudc k`xkul{~doke{ mi
{~dii
Mx`eo~{ oeq {~dii lelhex{ mo ~fe xuce{# xeaucd~`mo{ &ceadc `{{ue{# fuldo
xe{muxke{# zeo{`mo{ don {exy`ke kmon`~`mo{)# {~dondxn mzexd~`oa zxmkenuxe{don xuce{ mi kmonuk~ `o FD[
[uzexy`{e{ ~fe ld`o~eodoke mi {~dii i`ce{ don xekmxn{
Kmmxn`od~e{ q`~f ~fe Eveku~ ye N`xek~mx xeadxn`oa ~fe zcdoo`oa don
`lzceleo~d~`mo mi [~dii Zeximxldoke D{{e{{leo~
Kmonuk~{ dooudc zeximxldoke d{{e{{leo~ mi {uhmxn`od~e{
[uzexy`{e{ ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo mi {~dii ~xd`o`oa don neyecmzleo~zxmaxdlle{
Iuok~`mo{ mi Dnl`o`{~xd~`mo2
Zcdoo`oa
Mxado`r`oa
Cedn`oa
@lzceleo~`oa
Kmo~xmcc`oa
I`odoke
Xmce{ don Iuok~`mo{
Xmce{2
Hunae~# Dkkmuo~`oa [p{~el don @o~exodc Kmo~xmc{
m D{{`{~{ `o zxezdx`oa hunae~{ don evzeon`~uxe zxmbek~`mo{
m Zxezdxe{ don ld`o~d`o{ dkkmuo~{ don dkkmuo~ oa {p{~el d{ zex ~fe
I`odoke don Dkkmuo~`oa Ldoudc
m Zxezdxe{ don kfekg{ bmuxodc eo~x`e{ `o ~fe aeoexdc cenaex
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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m D{{`{~{ `o zxezdx`oa hunae~{ don evzeon`~uxe zxmbek~`mo{
m Lmo`~mx{ kd{f hdcdoke don hdcdoke{ `o Dkkmuo~{ ,Xeke`ydhce{
Zdpleo~{# Dnydoke Xetue{~{ don Ze~~p Kd{f
Zxmke{{e{ dcc dnydoke xetue{~{
Zxmke{{e{ `oym`ke{ don `{{ue{ zdpleo~{ imx evzeo{e kcd`l{# ~xdyec#
kmo{uc~do~{ iee{
I`odok`dc Xezmx~`oa don Dun`~
Zxezdxe{ xekmok`c`d~`mo {~d~eleo~{ mi hdog dkkmuo~
Zxezdxe{ lmo~fcp evzeo{e {~d~eleo~{ Zxezdxe{ qeegcp# lmo~fcp# tudx~excp don dooudc i`odok`dc xezmx~{
xeicek~`oa iuon{ xeke`yen don {zeo~
Fuldo Xe{muxke{
[uzexy`{e{ don leo~mx{ {~dii mi ~fe i`odok`dc uo`~
Kmonuk~{ dooudc zeximxldoke d{{e{{leo~ mi {uhmxn`od~e{
Iuok~`mo{2
@lzceleo~d~`mo mi Dkkmuo~`oa Zmc`k`e{/
Amyexoleo~ don Neyecmzleo~ Daeokp Axdo~{ don `~{ Ldodaeleo~/
[uxzcu{ Iuon{ Dkkmuo~`oa don `~{ @oye{~leo~/
Kd{f Icmq - Kd{f Ldodaeleo~/
Xeke`ydhce{ mi ~fe Dkdnelp don `~{ Ldodaeleo~/
Zxmkuxeleo~ Kxen`~ Ldodaeleo~ don `~{ Dkkmuo~`oa `o c`oe q`~f ~fe
I`odok`dc Xuce{/
Cmdo{ don Dnydoke{ Dkkmuo~`oa don `~{ lmo`~mx`oa/
Xe{edxkf don Kmo{uc~dokp Kmo~xdk~{ - Zxmzm{dc{ don `~{ Dkkmuo~`oa/
I`odok`dc Xezmx~`oa don Dun`~# d{ xetu`xen hp ~fe Amyexoleo~
I`odok`dc Daeok`e{ don Nmomx{
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Hunae~# Dkkmuo~`oa [p{~el don @o~exodc Kmo~xmc{
Elmculeo~{# zeo{`mo{ don dccmqdoke{7 don `~{ Dkkmuo~`oa/
^m {uzexy`{e don {~xeoa~feo ~fe I`ven D{{e~{ Ldodaeleo~ [p{~el
Neyecmz{ `o~exodc kmo~xmc zmc`k`e{ don zxmkenuxe{
Evdl`od~`mo mi dcc zxmzm{dc{ imx ~fe `okxed{e mx xenuk~`mo mi ~dvd~`mo/
Qdp{ don Ledo{# `okcun`oa ceyp mi ~dve{# nu~`e{# ke{{e{# e~k/
Dzzxmzx`d~`mo don xe,dzzxmzx`d~`mo{/
Hmmg`oa Geez`oa mi dcc ~fe Dkkmuo~{ - Eo~x`e{ don `~{ Xekmok`c`d~`mo{
Necead~`mo mi i`odok`dc zmqex{/
Neyecmz{ i`odok`dc zmc`k`e{ imx `lzceleo~d~`mo `o ~fe Dkdnelp/
@neo~`i`e{ don ldodae{ i`odok`dc# mzexd~`modc don xeaucd~mxp x`{g{/
Evdl`od~`mo don dny`ke mo ld~~ex{ diiek~`oa n`xek~cp
Zdx~`kucdx Iuok~`mo{
^fe i`odok`dc {ek~`mo mi ~fe mxado`rd~`mo geez ldoudc-ecek~xmo`k xekmxn{ mi lmoepxeke`yen don zd`n mu~ hp ~fe mxado`rd~`mo/ ^f`{ `oimxld~`mo q`cc ~feo he u{en ~m
zxmnuke ydx`mu{ i`odok`dc {~d~eleo~{ imx ~dv zuxzm{e{ don ~m kmlzcp q`~f ceadc
xetu`xeleo~{/ ^fe `oimxld~ mo `{ dc{m u{en ~m zxmnuke ldodaeleo~ dkkmuo~{ ~m
eodhce {eo`mx ldodaex{ ~m zcdo don xey`eq hu{`oe{{ {~xd~eap/
^fe I`odoke nezdx~leo~ mx uo`~ ldp dc{m he xe{zmo{`hce imx dnl`o`{~ex`oa elzcmpee
evzeo{e{ don {dcdx`e{/ Imx zdpleo~ mi qdae{ ~fe i`odoke nezdx~leo~ ~m ~dge `o~m
dkkmuo~ {~d~u~mxp nenuk~`mo{ {ukf d{ ~dv# don elzcmpee kmo~x`hu~`mo{ {ukf d{ zeo{`mo
mx cmdo xezdpleo~{/
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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[~uneo~ Diid`x{ Nezdx~leo~
Xmce{ don Iuok~`mo{
Xmce{2
Zxmlm~`mo mi Kmux{e{
@o kmmxn`od~`mo q ~f ~fe dkdnel`k zxmaxdlle kmmxn`od~mx don {fmx~ kmux{e
kmmxn`od~mx{# zxezdxe{ kmux{e `oimxld~`mo ld~ex`dc{
N`{~x`hu~e{ `oimxld~`mo ld~ex`dc{ ~m ~fe zuhc`k ~fxmuaf ydx`mu{ len`d don kfdooec{
Zxezdxe{ ~fe kmo~eo~ mi ~fe Dkdnelp qeh{`~e
Qmxg{ q`~f ~fe @oimxld~`mo ^ekfomcmap D{{`{~do~ `o ne{`ao`oa don ld`o~d`o`oa ~fe
qeh{`~e
Zxmke{{`oa mi Dzzc`kd~`mo imx Dnl`{{`mo
Xe{zmon{ ~m aeoexdc don {~uneo~{ `otu`x`e{ xeadxn`oa ~fe dkdnel`k zxmaxdlle{#
dnl`{{`mo zmc`k`e{ don zxmkenuxe{
[eon{ mu~ dzzc`kd~`mo imxl{ ~m `o~exe{~en zdx~`e{ don `otu`xex{
Xeke`ye{ don xey`eq{ dzzc`kd~`mo imxl{ ~m eo{uxe ~fe`x kmlzce~eoe{{ don yex`ip
du~feo~`k`~p mi nmkuleo~{ {uhl`~~en @o kmmxn`od~`mo q`~f xe{zmo{`hce idkuc~p lelhex# mxado`re{ ~fe kmonuk~ mi dnl`{{`mo
evdl`od~`mo{
Ne~exl`oe{ ~fe {kfenuce
Mxado`re{ yeoue don oeenen cma`{~`k{
Eo{uxe{ ~fe dyd`cdh`c`~p don {uii`k`eokp mi ~e{~ tue{~`mo{
Uonex~dge{ zxec l`odxp {ecek~`mo mi dzzc kdo~{ don kmlzce~e{ c`{~{ mi dzzc kdo~{
xekmlleonen imx dnl`{{`mo don {uhl`~{ ~f`{ ~m Dnl`{{`mo{ Kmll`~~eeZdx~`k`zd~e{ `o ~fe {ecek~`mo zxmke{{
[eon{ mu~ om~`ke{ mi dnl`{{`mo
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Mx`eo~d~`mo mi Oeq [~uneo~{
Mxado`re{ ~fe mx`eo~d~`mo mi oeq {~uneo~{
m Ne~exl`oe{ ~fe {kfenuce
m Mxado`re{ yeoue don oeenen cma`{~`k{
m Kmo~dk~{ ~fe idkuc~p lelhex{ ~m eo{uxe ~fe`x zdx~`k`zd~`mo
m Kmonuk~{ mx`eo~d~`mo mo zfp{`kdc idk`c`~`e{ mi ~fe Dkdnelp
Dnl`o`{~xd~`mo
[uzexy`{e{ don ld`o~d`o{ ~fe [~uneo~{ Zex{modc I`ce{# hm~f imx od~`modc don
`o~exod~`modc {~uneo~{m Neaxee{#
m ^xdo{kx`z~{ mi Xekmxn{ don Zxmy`{`modc Kex~`i`kd~e{
m NLK{# Zxmy`{`modc Kex~`i`kd~e{/
@{{ue{ evdl`od~`mo xmcc oulhex don eo{uxe{ ~fd~ nue{ dxe zd`n
^dge{ kfdxae mi dcc kmxxe{zmoneoke{ xecd~en ~m {~uneo~{ diid`x{
Ld`o~d`o{ `lzmx~do~ i`ce{ don xekmxn{# e/a/# [kfmcdx{f`z{# `o~exo{f`z i`ce{#
zxmbek~ qmxg# ~fe{`{# e~k/ N`{~x`hu~e{ mo ~`le xeceydo~ `oimxld~ mo don om~`ke{ ~m {~uneo~{ don
idkuc~p# {zek`dc eyeo~{# evdl`od~`mo nd~e{# evdl`od~`mo xe{uc~{
Neyecmz{ don kmo{~do~cp uznd~e{ dculo` xekmxn{
Ld`o~d`o{ `oyeo~mxp {uzzc`e{
C`d`{mo q`~f i`odoke hxdokf don Tud`n,e,Drdl Kdlzu{ ~m eo{uxe
{lmm~f kmxxe{zmoneoke
Ld`o~d`o`oa Qecc,he`oa mi [~uneo~{
Eo{uxe{ ~fe {~uneo~{ evexk`{e mi ~fe`x x`af~{ d{ zxmy`nen hp ~fe Dkdnel`k
Xuce{ don Zmc`k`e{
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Kmuo{ec{ don dny`{e{ {~uneo~{ mo d{zek~{ xecd~en ~m ~fe`x {~un`e{ don# qfeo
xetue{~en# zex{modc ld~~ex{
Xe{zmon{ ~m kmlzcd`o~{ don {mcye{ {~uneo~{,xecd~en zxmhcel{
Ev~eon{ mx dxxdoae{ d{{`{~doke ~m {~uneo~{# e/a/# {~uneo~ eyeo~{# kmlzu~ex
qmxg# kmxxe{zmoneoke{# e~k/
Ev~eon{ {uzzmx~ ~m ecek~en {~uneo~{ kmuok`c mx xezxe{eo~d~`ye{
Iuok~`mo{2
^fe Nezdx~leo~ mi [~uneo~ Diid`x{ zxmy`ne{ d ydx`e~p mi neyecmzleo~dc
{exy`ke{# zxmaxdl{# don dk~`y`~`e{ `o {uzzmx~ mi ~fe dkdnel`k l`{{`mo mi ~fe
Uo`yex{`~p/ @~ `{ kmll`~~en ~m evkecceoke don do `o~eaxd~`mo mi kuxx`kucdx# km,
kuxx`kucdx# don ev~xd,kuxx`kucdx dk~`y`~`e{
Idk`c`~d~e {~uneo~ kmlzcd`o~{ don ax`eydoke{ `o kmlzc`doke q`~f zxmkenuxe{ imx
kmoic`k~ xe{mcu~`mo/
Idk`c`~d~e kmlluo`kd~`mo don uonex{~don`oa mi zex{zek~ ye{ dlmoa ~fe idkuc~p#
{~dii# {~uneo~{# don kmlluo`~p/
Eveku~`ye N`xek~mx
Xmce{ don Iuok~`mo{
Hmdxn don Kmll`~~ee Neyecmzleo~ don [uzzmx~
[uzzmx~{ ~fe Hmdxn mi Amyexomx{ &fexeuonex xeiexxen ~m d{ HmA) hp a`y`oa dny`ke
don a`y`oa hmdxn lelhex{ xeceydo~ `oimxld~`mo oeke{{dxp imx nek`{`mo,ldg`oa
Dk~{ d{ ~fe [ekxe~dxp mi ~fe HmA
[exye{ d{ ~fe `o~exidke he~qeeo ~fe HmA don ~fe {~dii lelhex{/
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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^mae~fex q`~f ~fe HmA# nei`oe{ don `o~exzxe~{ ~fe @o{~`~u~e{ y`{`mo# l`{{`mo don amdc{
don neyecmz{ ~fe Dkdnelp{ {~xd~ea`k don mzexd~`modc zcdo{# imxlucd~e{ zmc`k`e{ don
xeaucd~`mo{ `o dkkmxndoke ~m ~fe{e y`{`mo# l`{{`mo don amdc{/
Kfd`x{ ~fe Eveku~`ye Kmll`~~ee don eo{uxe{ ~fd~ `~ iuci`cc{ `~{ iuok~`mo{ d{ {zek`i`en `o
~fe Dkdnel`k Xuce{ don Xeaucd~`mo{/
Oml`od~e{ lelhex{ ixml dlmoa ~fe {~dii mi F[D ~m ~fe Dkdnel`k Dny`{mxp
Kmll`~~ee
Kfd`x{ don kmoyeoe{ ~fe Hmdxn mi [~un`e{ mi F[D
Zxmy`ne{ ~ekfo`kdc don dnl`o`{~xd~`ye {uzzmx~ ~m ~fe Kmll`~~ee mo Dzzm`o~leo~{ don
Zxmlm~`mo{
Iuci`c{ m~fex bmh{ ~fd~ l`af~ he d{{`aoen ixml ~`le ~m ~`le/
Fuldo Xe{muxke{ Neyecmzleo~
[uzexy`{e{ don leo~mx{ {eo`mx idkuc~p lelhex{
Zcdo{ don {uzexy`{e{ ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo mi ~xd`o`oa don neyecmzleo~ zxmaxdlle{
imx hm~f ~edkf`oa don dnl`o`{~xd~ ye {~dii# ~fu{# ld`o~d`o`oa ~fe tudc ~p mi {~dii
zeximxldoke/
^edkf`oa don Xe{edxkf
Myex{ee{ ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo mi ~fe kuxxeo~ dkdnel`k zxmaxdlle{/
D{{ule{ ~edkf`oa xe{zmo{`h`c`~`e{
[uzexy`{e{ don dny`{e{ {eo`mx {~uneo~{
@o kmmzexd~`mo q`~f ~fe kmux{e kmmxn`od~mx{# kmonuk~ do dodcp{`{ mi ~fe {`~ud~`mo
zex~d`o`oa ~m od~`modc don `o~exod~`modc zuhc`k fedc~f `o mxnex ~m ne~exl`oe zm{{`h`c`~`e{
~m neyecmz oeq ~mz`k{-kmux{e{/
^mae~fex q`~f ~fe Dkdnel`k Dny`{mxp Kmll`~~ee don q`~f Xe{edxkf Kmmxn`od~mx
&F[D {~dii)# neyecmz{ ~fe Dkdnelp{ xe{edxkf daeond
Kmonuk~{ xe{edxkf d{ zx`ok`zdc `oye{~`ad~mx mx d{{mk`d~e `oye{~`ad~mx
Zuhc`{fe{ xe{edxkf xe{uc~{ mx dx~`kce{ `o od~`modc mx `o~exod~`modc zuhc`kd~`mo{
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Xey`eq{ xe{edxkf nmoe hp ~fe idkuc~p mi F[D don m~fex xe{edxkfex{ mu~{`ne mi ~fe
Dkdnelp
[ekuxe iuon`oa ixml n`iiexeo~ {muxke{ imx n`iiexeo~ dkdnel`k don xe{edxkf dk~`y`~`e{
Dnl`o`{~xd~`mo
@o kmmxn`od~`mo q`~f ~fe Nezu~p N`xek~mx imx Dnl`o`{~xd~`mo qfm `{ `o kfdxae mi
zex{mooec diid`x{# neyecmz{ do myexdcc {~dii zeximxldoke xey`eq {p{~el/
@o kmmxn`od~`mo q`~f ~fe Nezu~p N`xek~mx mi I`odoke# neyecmz{ ~fe Dkdnelp{ dooudc
hunae~ imx {uhl`{{`mo don dzzxmydc mi ~fe HmA/
Eo{uxe{ ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo mi {muon don ~xdo{zdxeo~ i`odok`dc zxdk~`ke{# hmmg,
geez`oa don dkkmuo~`oa/
Zxezdxe{ don oeam~`d~e{ iuon`oa zxmzm{dc{ ~m m~fex nmomx don iuon`oa daeok`e{
Kmo{uc~`oa don Oe~qmxg`oa
Kmonuk~{ kmo{uc~dokp imx don mo hefdci mi ~fe Dkdnelp
Xezxe{eo~{ ~fe Fedc~f [exy`ke{ Dkdnelp `o od~`modc don `o~exod~`modc kmll`~~ee{
don oe~qmxg don# don ~fexehp# zxmlm~e ~fe dk~`y`~`e{ mi F[D/
Zxe{eo~{ zdzex{ don nec`yex{ cek~uxe{# qfeo oeenen# `o `o~exod~`modc kmoiexeoke{ mxzxmie{{`modc lee~`oa{
Kmmzexd~e{ don qmxg{ q`~f nmomx{ don zdx~oex{ mi ~fe Dkdnelp
E{~dhc`{fe{ kmo~dk~{ q`~f zm~eo~`dc nmomx{ don {ekuxe bm`o~ zxmbek~{ mx dk~`y`~`e{
Xmce{ don Iuok~`mo{ mi N`xek~mx{ Mii`ke
Xmce{2
^ecezfmoe-Xekez~`mo [exy`ke{
Do{qex{# {kxeeo{# imxqdxn{ don-mx xe~uxo{ zfmoe kdcc{ don le{{dae{
Ldodae{ `okml`oa don mu~am`oa kmxxe{zmoneoke# `okcun`oa idve{# e,ld`c{#
zdxkec{ don fdon nec`yexen le{{dae{ mo d xmu~`oe hd{`{
Eo{uxe{ aue{~{ kmlimx~ hp miiex`oa ~fel oeq{zdzex{# xeixe{fleo~{ e~k/
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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[ekxe~dx`dc Qmxg don [exy`ke{
^pze{ ce~~ex{# idve{ imx ~fe Eveku~`ye N`xek~mx
E{~dhc {fe{ don-mx uznd~e{ ~fe `onev mi# don nd~d mo# kmo~dk~ dnnxe{{e{#
zfmoe-idv oulhex{# don e,ld`c,dnnxe{{e{ xeaucdxcp Cma{ `o-xekmxn{ `okml`oa don mu~am`oa ce~~ex{# idve{# e,ld`c{ mo d nd`cp hd{`{
[mx~{ don n`{~x`hu~e{ `okml`oa ld`c# idve{ don m~fex mii`k`dc nmkuleo~{ imx
ld`c`oa don kmccek~`oa
E{~dhc`{fe{ don ld`o~d`o{ zexldoeo~ i`ce{7 i`ce{ don xe~x`eye{ nmkuleo~{ d{
xetue{~en/
Mxado`re{ don ~dge{ xe{zmo{`h`c`~p imx ~fe nec`yexp don kmccek~`mo mi Eveku~`ye
N`xek~mx{ nmkuleo~{-zdxkec{ ixml don ~m zm{~ mii`ke# amyexoleo~ hmn`e{#
elhd{{`e{# e~k/
Mxado`re{ xedn`oa ld~ex`dc{ imx n`{zcdp d{ zex `o{~xuk~`mo{ mi ~fe Eveku~`ye
N`xek~mx/
Iuok~`mo{2
Mzexd~`modc Ldodaeleo~
Kmmxn`od~`mo
Kmccdhmxd~`mo
D{{`{~doke
K`xkucd~`mo mi mii`ke mxnex{
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Zxmbek~ Ldodaeleo~
Xmce{ don Iuok~`mo{
Xmce{
[zek`i`k2
Kmmxn`od~`mo imx neyecmz`oa Dooudc Qmxg Zcdo Dk~ y ~`e{ don xezmx~`oa mo
tudx~ex don dooudc hd{`{/
Kmmxn`od~`mo don kmlluo`kd~`mo q`~f Amyexoleo~# Nmomx{ don [~dgefmcnex{
hm~f d~ od~`modc don do `o~exod~`modc ceyec/
Hmm{~ ~fe u~`c`rd~`mo mi iuon{ hp kmmxn`od~`mo q`~f ~fe kmokexoen tudx~ex/
Kmmxn`od~`oa lee~`oa{# {el`odx{# kmoiexeoke{ don qmxg{fmz{/
^m neyecmz ^MX{ ~m dk~ d{ d kmxe zex{mo `o cduokf`oa m~fex zxmbek~{/
^m kmmxn`od~e neyecmz d hu{`oe{{ zcdo- kx ~ex d imx {fmx~ ~exl-cmoa ~exl
~xd`o`oa{ ~m he kdxx`en mu~ `o F[D/
Aeoexdc2
@neo~`ip`oa# ~xdkg`oa ldoda`oa don xe{mcy`oa zxmbek~ `{{ue{
Zxmdk~`yecp n`{{el`od~`oa zxmbek~ `oimxld~`mo ~m dcc {~dgefmcnex{
@neo~`ip`oa# ldoda`oa don l`~`ad~`oa zxmbek~ x`{g
Zxmdk~ yecp ldoda`oa {kmze ~m eo{uxe ~fd~ mocp qfd~ qd{ daxeen ~m `{
nec`yexen# uoce{{ kfdoae{ dxe dzzxmyen ~fxmuaf {kmze ldodaeleo~
Nei`o`oa don kmccek~`oa le~x`k{ ~m a`ye d {eo{e imx fmq ~fe zxmbek~ `{
zxmaxe{{`oa don qfe~fex ~fe nec`yexdhce{ zxmnuken dxe dkkez~dhce
Ldoda`oa ~fe myexdcc {kfenuce ~m eo{uxe qmxg `{ d{{`aoen don kmlzce~en mo
~`le don q`~f`o hunae~
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Fdy`oa ~fe n`{k`zc`oe don aeoexdc ldodaeleo~ {g`cc{ ~m ldge {uxe ~fd~ zemzce
imccmq ~fe {~dondxn zxmke{{e{ don zxmkenuxe{
E{~dhc`{f`oa cednex{f`z {g`cc{ ~m ae~ ~fe ~edl ~m q`cc`oacp imccmq pmux n`xek~`mo/
Cednex{f`z `{ dhmu~ kmlluo`kd~`oa d y`{`mo don ae~~`oa ~fe ~edl ~m dkkez~ `~don {~x`ye ~m ae~ ~fexe q`~f pmu/
[e~~`oa xed{modhce# kfdcceoa`oa don kcedx evzek~d~`mo{ imx zemzce# don fmcn`oa
~fel dkkmuo~dhce imx lee~`oa ~fe evzek~d~`mo{/ ^f`{ `okcune{ zxmy`n`oa ammn
zeximxldoke ieenhdkg ~m ~edl lelhex{
^edl hu`cn`oa {g`cc{ {m ~fd~ ~fe zemzce qmxg ~mae~fex qecc# don ieec lm~`yd~en ~m
qmxg fdxn imx ~fe {dge mi ~fe zxmbek~ don ~fe`x m~fex ~edl lelhex{/ ^fe cdxaex
pmux ~edl don ~fe cmoaex ~fe zxmbek~# ~fe lmxe `lzmx~do~ `~ `{ ~m fdye ammn
~edl,hu`cn`oa {g`cc{/
Iuok~`mo{2
Dnl`o`{~xd~`ye Kmo~xmc
Neyecmzleo~ mi [~xd~ea`k Amdc{
Necead~`mo mi Qmxg
I`odok`dc Ldodaeleo~
Zeximxldoke Ldodaeleo~
Zmc`k`e{ don Zxmkenuxe{
Tudc`~p Kmo~xmc don Mzexd~`mo{ Ldodaeleo~
X`{g# [die~p don C`dh`c`~`e{
Kmlluo`kd~`mo
Kmmxn`od~`mo
Tudc`~p D{{uxdoke Xey`eq{
Zm{~ @lzceleo~d~`mo xey`eq{
Xezmx~`oa
Xekmxn`oa mi ce{{mo{ cedxoen/
Zxmbek~ Nd~d don Zxmbek~ ^edl Eydcud~`mo{
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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@oimxld~`mo ^ekfomcmap Nezdx~leo~ mi F[D
Xmce don Iuok~`mo{
Xmce{2
[p{~el @o{~dccd~`mo don Ldodaeleo~
@o{~dcc{ ~fe eo~ xe `oimxld~`mo ~ekfomcmap {p{~el `okcun`oa ~fe cmkdc dxed
oe~qmxg &CDO)
Eo{uxe{ ~fd~ dcc fdxnqdxe# `/e/# `okcun`oa ne{g~mz kmlzu~ex{# cdz~mz{# don
{exyex{# dxe `o dkkmxndoke q`~f ~fe {~dondxn{ {e~ hp A^R fedn mii`ke# Eo{uxe{ ~fd~ dcc {mi~qdxe zdkgdae{# `okcun`oa do~ ,y`xu{ don do~ ,fdkgex{
zxmaxdlle{# dxe uznd~en
Xezd`x{ don ld`o~d`o{# mx mu~{muxke ~fe xezd`x don ld`o~eodoke mi ne{g ~mz
kmlzu~ex{# cdz~mz{# zx`o~ex{# n`a ~dc kdlexd{# {kdooex{ don m~fex fdxnqdxe
kmlzmoeo~{
Fdonce{ ~xmuhce{fmm~`oa don {mcy`oa mi dcc kmlzu~ex don `o~exoe~ xecd~en
zxmhcel{# zxezdxe{ `oimxld~`mo oeenen# don ld`o~d`o{ ~ecezfmo`k {uzzmx~
Geez{ do `oyeo~mxp mi fdxn don {mi~qdxe don uznd~e{ c`{~ d{ {mmo d{ kfdoae{
mkkux
[uzzmx~{ dcc {mi~qdxe zdkgdae{ u{en d~ ~fe F[D &e/a/ DZ[# DL[# L[ Mii`ke#
Q`o ZDKK[# [DZ)
Ld`o~d`o{ zxmzex hdkg,uz {p{~el{ don eo{uxe{ {p{~el {ekux`~p
Zxmkuxe{ oeq fdxnqdxe# qfeo oeenen# ~dg`oa `o~m kmo{`nexd~`mo tudc`~p don
zx`ke{
Eo{uxe{ do elexaeokp nezu~p {exy`ke
Nmkuleo~{ ~fe `o{~dccd~`mo don {e~~`oa{ mo ~fe {exyex don mo edkf kmlzu~ex
D{{`{~{ `o don-mx kdxx`e{ mu~ m~fex dk~`y`~`e{ don m~fex ~d{g{# d{ d{{`aoen
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Qeh{`~e xecd~en ~d{g{
Ld`o~d`o{ don uznd~e{ ev`{~`oa qeh{`~e
Kmmxn`od~e{ xeaucdxcp q ~f ~fe n xek~mx don ~fe idkuc~p mo oeke{{dxp
dnbu{~leo~{ ~m ~fe fmlezdae
M~fex ^d{g{2
^edkf`oa ~fe Kmlzu~ex Dzzc`kd~`mo `o Zuhc`k Fedc~f {uhbek~ ~m L[ZF# EL[ZF
don LENYK {~uneo~{ mi F[D/
^m ldge ~fe {lmm~f qmxg`oa mi Y`nem kmoiexeoke [p{~el d~ Fedc~f [exy`ke{
Dkdnelp/
Zxmy`n`oa {uzzmx~ mo zuxkfd{`oa dop oeq {p{~el mx cd~e{~ etu`zleo~ xecd~en ~m
@^ d~ F[D/
Ldge ~fe moc`oe nd~d hdkguz don {fdx`oa c`ge nmk [exyex qfexe idkuc~p#
{~uneo~{ don {~dii kdo {dye moc`oe nd~d d{ qecc d{ ldge moc`oe qmxn# evkec
zmqex zm`o~ don nd~dhd{e nmkuleo~{ `i ~fep nmo~ fdye ~fe {mi~qdxe/
^m hcmkg dcc ~fe uooeke{{dxp qeh{`~e{ don le{{eoaex{ {exy`ke &qfexe
xetu`xen) ~m u~`c`re ~fe F[D @o~exoe~ hdonq`n~f `o lmxe eii`k`eo~ qdp/
^m ld`o~d`o ~fe moc`oe d~~eondoke hd{e {p{~el imx elzcmpee{ mi F[D/
Zxmy`n`oa {uzzmx~ mo I`odok`dc Zedkf ~xee {mi~qdxe mo xeaucdx hd{`{/
Kxed~`oa don uznd~`oa ~fe eld`c{ dkkmuo~ don kmll`~~ee axmuz{ mi idkuc~p# {~dii
don {~uneo~{ mo xeaucdx hd{`{/
Iuok~`mo{
Kmoi auxd~ mo-Zeximxldoke-Dyd cdh c ~p-Kdzdk`~p-[ekux`~p lmo ~mx`oa don
ld`o~eodoke mi {exyex {p{~el{/
Kmoi`auxd~`mo-Zeximxldoke-Dyd`cdh`c`~p-[ekux`~p lmo`~mx`oa don ld`o~eodoke mi ~fe
oe~qmxg `oixd{~xuk~uxe `okcun`oa2 [q`~kfe{# Xmu~ex{# I`xeqdcc{# @[Z c`og{# NO[# YZO
Ad~eqdp{
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Zeximxldoke-Dyd`cdh`c`~p-[ekux`~p lmo`~mx`oa don ld`o~eodoke mi
@o~eaxd~en ~f`xn zdx~p {exy`ke{
Ne{`ao# `lzceleo~ don ld`o~d`o {mcu~`mo{ xecd~en ~m d qeh {exy`ke @oixd{~xuk~uxe don
oe~qmxg `oixd{~xuk~uxe
Dodcpre don xe{mcye zxmhcel{ d{{mk`d~en q`~f oe~qmxg# {exyex fdxnqdxe don
dzzc`kd~`mo{ {mi~qdxe
[uzzmx~ zxmnuk~`mo {p{~el `o don mii xeaucdx hu{`oe{{ fmux{
Ldodaeleo~ mi {~mxdae don hdkguz{
Nei`o`oa don nmkuleo~`oa oe~qmxg kmoi`auxd~`mo{ don zxmke{{e{
[e~uz don ld`o~d`o qmxg{~d~`mo{
Xmce{ don Iuok~`mo{ mi ~fe Dkdnel`k Nezdx~leo~{
^edkf`oa2 &9:%)
d/ Zdx~`k`zd~e `o myexdcc zcdoo`oa don ldodaeleo~ mi kmux{e{ &Kmmxn`od~e
kmux{e)
Kmmxn`od~e q`~f Idkuc~p &@o,fmu{e) don Ev~exodc {zedgex{ &Aue{~ {zedgex{)
h/ Zxezdxe don kmonuk~ cek~uxe{
k/ Zxezdxe don kmonuk~ d{{`aoleo~{
n/ Zxezdxe- Kfekg evdl`od~`mo zdzex{ don ~e{~{ mi {~uneo~{
e/ @oy`a`cd~e evdl`od~`mo{
i/ Leo~mx [~uneo~{ nm`oa xe{edxkf zxmbek~{
a/ Dxxdoae i`ecn y`{`~{
Xe{edxkf don Neyecmzleo~2 &85%)
d/ Zxezdxe xe{edxkf zxmzm{dc{ don {ekuxe iuon`oa imx xe{edxkf zxmbek~{
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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h/ Zeximxl dnydoken xe{edxkf `o ~fe`x xe{zek~`ye i`ecn mi evzex~`{e don mi
`o~exe{~ mi ~fe idkuc~p
k/ Zuhc`{f ~fe xe{uc~{ `o od~`modc don `o~exod~`modc bmuxodc{
n/ Zxe{eo~ {k`eo~`i`k zdzex{ `o od~`modc don `o~exod~`modc kmoiexeoke{
e/ Zeximxl kmo{uc~dok`e{ ~m m~fex mxado`rd~`mo{ don aeoexd~e iuon{ -
xe{edxkfe{ imx F[D
i/ Eoadae `o zm{~axdnud~e {~un`e{ imx zex{modc neyecmzleo~
a/ Zdx~`k`zd~e `o od~`modc - `o~exod~`modc qmxg{fmz{ don {el`odx{ imx cedxo`oa
- ~edkf`oa zuxzm{e{
Kmonuk~ [fmx~ Kmux{e{- Qmxg{fmz - [el`odx{2 &4:%)
d/ Kmonuk~ {fmx~ kmux{e{
Kuxx`kucul xey`eq mi ~fe {fmx~ kmux{e
Kmo~dk~ don eoadae `o~exodc don ev~exodc {zedgex{
Eo{uxe dyd`cdh`c`~p mi cma`{~`k {uzzmx~
h/ Kmonuk~ qmxg{fmz{ don {el`odx{
Ldodaeleo~2 &5%)
d/ Kmll`~~ee {uzzmx~
Lelhex{f`z `o moe mi ~fe `o~exodc ldodaeleo~ kmll`~~ee{ ~m {uzzmx~ dnl`o
nezdx~leo~
h/ Idkuc~p {uzzmx~ don neyecmzleo~
Ev~eon ~ekfo`kdc d{{`{~doke ~m kmccedaue{ `o ~fe i`ecn mi evzex~`{e
A`ye {uzzmx~ ~m ~fe kmux{e kmmxn`od~mx{
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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k/ Oe~qmxg`oa don Zuhc`k Xecd~`mo{
Zdx~ k`zd~e d{ lelhex{ `o fedc~f xecd~en kmll`~~ee{ mu~{`ne ~fe
dkdnelp
Xezxe{eo~ ~fe dkdnelp d~ od~`modc don `o~exod~`modc imxul{
Ldxge~`oa L`v mi F[D
Ldodaex Xe{edxkf don Neyecmzleo~ kdo imku{ mo ~fe imccmq`oa dk~`y`~`e{ dkkmxn`oa ~m
~fe {`~ud~`modc xetu`xeleo~{ `o ~fe ldxge~/ F[D ld`ocp imku{e{ mo ixu`~iuc don xe{uc~
mx`eo~en ldxge~`oa dk~`y`~`e{ qf`kf ldp hx`oa fdon{mle xeyeoue{ d{ qecc d{ eofdoke
`~{ ammnq`cc/ Imccmq`oa dxe ~fe imux Z{ mo qf`kf LXN imku{e{ ixml dkdnelp zm`o~ mi
y`eq/ F[D imku{e{ mo ~fe ev`{~`oa don iu~uxe ldxge~ oeen{ don ~feo dkkmxn`oacp
ney`{e ~fe`x zxmnuk~/ ^fep kmo{`nex hm~f ~fe kmxe don aeoex`k zxmnuk~{ d~ ~fe {dle
~`le/
Kmxe zxmnuk~{
^fe kmxe zxmnuk~ miiexen hp ~fe dkdnelp `{ ~fe Ld{~ex{ `o Zuhc`k Fedc~f zxmaxdlle/
@~ `okcune{ kmxe don ecek~`ye kmux{e{ imx {~uneo~{ q`~f {zek`dc`ren `o~exe{~{/ ^fe
kuxx`kucul kmyex{ imccmq`oa dxed{
Ez`nel`mcmap don H`m{~d~`{~`k{
Xezxmnuk~`ye don kf`cn Fedc~f
Kmlluo`~p fedc~f don fedc~f {p{~el{
[mk`dc don hefdy`mxdc [k`eoke{
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Eoy`xmoleo~dc don mkkuzd~`modc Fedc~f
I`ecn zxmbek~ q`~f n`{{ex~d~`mo
M~fex luc~`n`{k`zc`odxp kmux{e{
Aeoex`k zxmnuk~{
Imccmq`oa dxe ~fe aeoex`k zxmnuk~{ qf`kf qexe kmo{`nexen x`af~ ixml ~fe {~dx~ mi ~fe
i`x{~ zfd{e/ ^fe{e zfd{e{ qexe {ecek~en mo ~fe hd{`{ mi ~fe zxmzm{en tudc`~p FX
qmxgimxke/
d) Xe{edxkf don kmo{uc~dokp
F[D `o`~`d~en xe{edxkf zxmbek~{ don ~dge{ mo kmo{uc~dokp d{{`aoleo~{ ~fd~ dxe n`xek~cp
xecd~en ~m `~{ dxed mi evzex~`{e/ ^fe kmxe {uhbek~{ `o qf`kf F[D miiex{ kmo{uc~dokp mx
zeximxl xe{edxkf dk~`y`~`e{ `okcune
Fedc~f zcdoo`oa don i`odok`oa
Fedc~f zmc`kp {p{~el dodcp{`{
Eydcud~`mo mi zxmbek~ zxmaxdl
Dzzc`en ez`nel`mcmap don n`{ed{e kmo~xmc
Xezxmnuk~`ye don kf`cn fedc~f
h) [fmx~ kmux{e{# ~xd`o`oa {e{{`mo{ don qmxg{fmz{
[fmx~ kmux{e{# ~xd`o`oa {e{{`mo{ don qmxg{fmz{ dxe do `lzmx~do~ kmlzmoeo~ imx F[D
xeyeoue `oicmq/ Kmo{`nexdhce neldon ev`{~{ `o ~fe ldxge~ imx ~fe imccmq`oa ~mz`k{
qf`kf F[D fd{ miiexen
Fedc~f kdxe i`odok`oa
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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N`{~x`k~ fedc~f zcdoo`oa don ldodaeleo~
Fm{z`~dc ldodaeleo~
Mkkuzd~`modc don eoy`xmoleo~dc fedc~f
Fedc~f zmc`kp don zcdoo`oa
Dzzc`en ou~x`~`mo
Len`kdc do~fxmzmcmap don tudc`~d~`ye xe{edxkf le~fmn{
Zxmbek~ neyecmzleo~ don zxmzm{dc qx`~`oa
^fe ldbmx`~p mi ~fe {fmx~ kmux{e{ dxe fecn imx ~fe zex`mn mi ~qm qeeg{ mocp/
Zx`ke
F[D fd{ {e~ ~fe zx`ke mi ~fe ydx`mu{ zxmnuk~{ c`ge LZF kmux{e# ~xd`o`oa {e{{`mo{#
{el`odx{ don kmo{uc~dokp {exy`ke{ mo ~fe hd{`{ mi kfdxae ldne hp ~fe kmlze~`~mx{
don ~fe zd{~ ~xeon{ d~ F[D/
^fe zx`ke{ dxe bunaen hp ~fe neldon don {uzzcp zx`ok`zce/ @o`~`dccp ~fe {uzzcp mi kmxe
zxmnuk~ `/e/ LZF `{ qd{ om~ eomuaf ~m lee~ ~fe neldon d~ ~fd~ ~`le/ ^fe {~xeoa~f mi
~fe {~uneo~{ imx LZF zxmaxdlle qd{ `okxed{en zex`mn`kdccp ixml 8> `o zfd{e moe ~m
1: `o zfd{e ~fxee nue ~m f`af neldon mi LZF `o ~fe kuxxeo~ ldxge~/ ^fexe qexe d
oulhex mi xed{mo{ ~m dnbu{~ zx`ke mi zxmnuk~{ mi dkdnelp/ F[D kmo{`nexen ~fe
`okxeleo~dc zx`ke mi LZF `o ~fe kmo~ev~ mi fm{~ec idk`c`~p &hm~f hdkfecmx don idl`c`e{)
d{ {~uneo~{ fdye ~m zdp kmlzdxd~`yecp cmq evzeo{e{ `o ~exl{ mi hmdxn`oa don cmna`oa
idk`c`~`e{ d~ ~fe dkdnelp/ ^f`{ dxauleo~ qd{ {uzzmx~en hp ~fe idk~ ~fd~ d kmo{`nexdhce
zmx~`mo mi ~fe {~uneo~{ mi LZF kmle ixml mu~{~d~`mo zcdke{/
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Lm{~ mi ~fe {~uneo~{ imx ~fe kmxe zxmnuk~ dxe ~fe LHH[ zex{mo{ elzcmpen d~ ydx`mu{
zuhc`k don zx`yd~e mxado`rd~`mo{/ Dc{m ~fe`x dyexdae dae `{ ;5 pedx{ don fdye {uii`k`eo~
zuxkfd{`oa zmqex{ ~m lee~ ~fe km{~{ d{{mk`d~en q`~f ~fe zxmnuk~{/
^fexe `{ do `okeo~`ye imx zex{mo{ nm`oa LZF ixml ~fe dkdnelp ~m hekmle idkuc~p
lelhex{ cd~ex mo/ ^fm{e idkuc~p lelhex{ dc{m fdye hx`af~ kfdoke{ ~m dyd`c ~fe
mzzmx~uo`~p imx iux~fex ~xd`o`oa don neyecmzleo~ ixee mi km{~/ [m `~ kdo he moe mi ~fe
ldop xed{mo{ hef`on ~fe `okxed{`oa zx`ke mi ~fe zxmnuk~{/
[eyexdc neyecmzleo~dc mxado`rd~`mo{ dc{m miiex ieccmq{f`z zxmaxdlle{ mo lex`~ don
mo oeen hd{`{
Zcdke
F[D kmlzxefeo{`yecp kmo{`nexen ~fe kc eo~ece imx kmxe don aeoex`k zxmnuk~{/
Dkkmxn`oa ~m ~fe xetu`xeleo~{ mi ~fe ydx`mu{ ku{~mlex{ mi n`yex{`i`en od~uxe F[D fd{
n`iiexeo~`d~en kc`eo~{ imx kmxe don aeoex`k zxmnuk~{ d{ imccmq{
Kc`eo~{ imx ~fe kmxe zxmnuk~{
^fe{e dxe zfp{`k`do don m~fex axdnud~e{ zm{{e{{`oa ~fe LHH[ mx HN[ mx H[Koux{`oa mx Ld{~ex{ neaxee `o Do~fxmzmcmap# [mk`mcmap# [~d~`{~`k{# Ekmoml`k{# Fuldo
Ou~x`~`mo# L`kxmh`mcmap don Hu{`oe{{ Dnl`o`{~xd~`mo/ ^fe{e {~uneo~{ fdye d~ ced{~
~fxee pedx{ iucc ~`le qmxg`oa evzex`eoke `o fedc~f xecd~en i`ecn{# e`~fex `o zuhc`k mx
zx`yd~e {ek~mx don dxlen imxke{ qf`kf dxe d{ imccmq{2
Qmxg`oa `o d L`o`{~xp mx Nezdx~leo~ mi Fedc~f don zmzucd~`mo qecidxe `okcun`oa
^edkf`oa don xe{edxkf `o{~`~u~`mo{
Zx`yd~e don omoamyexoleo~dc {ek~mx{
Zuhc`k fedc~f evzex`eoke `o dxlen imxke{ len`kdc {exy`ke{
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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F[D `{ dk~`ye ~mae~fex q`~f `~{ zdx~oex{ ixml ~fe Zuhc`k Fedc~f enukd~`mo ~m zxmy`ne ~fe
`ned ~fd~ zm{~ axdnud~e ~xd`o`oa {fmucn he ldne kmlzuc{mxp imx l`nnce don {eo`mx
ceyec zuhc`k fedc~f zfp{`k`do{/
Kc`eo~{ imx aeoex`k zxmnuk~{
Aeoex`k zxmnuk~ kmlzx`{e{ mi kmo{uc~dokp dn xe{edxkf zxmbek~{# ~xd`o`oa zxmaxdlle{
don qmxg{fmz{/ Imccmq`oa kc eo~{ kdo he ~dxae~en `o ydx mu{ {ek~mx{ imx aeoex k
zxmnuk~{
Zuhc`k {ek~mx
Neyecmzleo~ daeok`e{
Aexldo ^ekfo`kdc Kmmzexd~`mo &A^R)
Uo`~en Od~`mo{ Zmzucd~`mo Iuon{ &UOIZD)
Qmxcn Fedc~f Mxado`rd~`mo &QFM)
Kdodn`do @o~exod~`modc Neyecmzleo~ Daeokp &K@ND)
Uo`~en [~d~en Daeokp imx @o~exod~`modc Neyecmzleo~ &U[D@N)
Nezdx~leo~ mi @o~exod~`modc Neyecmzleo~
D{`do Neyecmzleo~ Hdog &DNH)
Qmxcn Hdog
Kmll`{{`mo mi Euxmzedo Kmlluo`~p,Euxmzedo Uo`mo
[dye ~fe Kf`cnxeo
Bdzdoe{e @o~exod~`modc Kmmzexd~`mo Daeokp &B@KD)
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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Xe{edxkf `o{~`~u~`mo{ cmkdc don @o~exod~`modc
Zxmlm~`mo
F[D dodcpren ~fe eiiek~`yeoe{{ mi dc~exod~`ye zxmlm~`modc dk~`y`~`e{ imx ev`{~`oa don
oeq zxmnuk~{ d~ dkdnelp/ F[D fd{ imku{en mo kc`eo~ece imx hm~f kmxe don aeoex`k
zxmnuk~{ {`luc~doemu{cp don fd{ imku{en mo ~fe imccmq`oa {`ao`i`kdo~ idk~mx{ `o ~f`{
xeadxn/
4) F[D fd{ neyecmzen don Dculo` D{{mk`d~`mo imx ~fe dkdnelp/ LXN kdo zeximxl
~f`{ iuok~`mo ~m ld`o~d`o do uz ~m nd~e# nd~dhdog kmlzx`{`oa odle{# eld`c{# kmo~dk~oulhex{# dnnxe{{e{# {e{{`mo{ don kmux{e{ d~~eonen d~ dkdnelp e~k/ @~ kdo fecz `o
kmo{`nexdhce xeyeoue aeoexd~`mo d{ zxmlm~`modc ld~ex`dc{ kdo he ld`cen `o ~fe imxl mi
{mi~ don fdxn kmz`e{ ~m dculo` dhmu~ kuxxeo~ don iu~uxe dk~`y`~`e{ mi ~fe dkdnelp d{
dclm{~ dcc ~fe dculo` fmcn ammn zm{`~`mo{ `o ~fe mxado`rd~`mo{ hm~f &Zuhc`k don Zx`yd~e)
fdy`oa zx`ok`zdc dk~`y`~`e{ kmyexen uonex ~fe LZF zxmaxdlle# ~fep kdo zxmye ~m he
gep kc`eo~ece aeoexd~mx/
8) D{ ~fe ldv`lul oulhex mi {~uneo~{ hecmoa ~m ~fe len`kdc zxmie{{`mo# zex`mn`k
dnyex~`{eleo~ `{ ldne `o ~mz Eoac`{f oeq{zdzex{# bmuxodc{ don zex`mn`kdc{ mi Zdg`{~do
Len`kdc don Neo~dc Kmuok`c ZLNK# Zdg`{~do Len`kdc don Xe{edxkf Kmuok`c ZLXK
don m~fex lm{~ q`necp {~un`en len`kdc ld~ex`dc{/ ^fe dnyex~`{eleo~ zmx~xdp{ ~fe
`lzmx~doke mi LZF d~ ~fe od~`modc don cmkdc ceyec# don ~fe heoei`~{ `~ kdo zxmy`ne ~m
~fe {~uneo~{/ ^fe heoei`~{ zmx~xdpen `okcune dculo` nd~d xeadxn`oa elzcmpleo~ `o ~mz
mxado`rd~`mo{# zxmlm~`mo{ `o kd{e mi k`y`c {exydo~{# elzcmpleo~ miiexen d~ F[D#
~xd`o`oa don neyecmzleo~ `okcun`oa imxe`ao enukd~`mo# d{{mk`d~ mo q`~f ydx`mu{neyecmzleo~ daeok`e{/
;) Neyecmzleo~ daeok`e{ don `o~exod~`modc uo`yex{`~`e{ nue ~m ~fe`x c`ogdae{ dc{m ldge
uz ammn {muxke mi hx`oa`oa oeq hu{`oe{{ imx ~fe dkdnelp
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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F[D `{ ~fe `oomyd~mx/ ^f`{ `o{~`~u~e `{ moe mi d g`on `o{~`~u~e ~fd~ miiex{ Ld{~ex{ mi
[k`eoke{ `o Zuhc`k Fedc~f &L[ZF) don ~fe zxmaxdlle qf`kf `{ {~dx~`oa `o [ez~elhex
kdccen ~fe Ld{~ex{ mi [k`eoke{ `o Fedc~f Ekmoml`k{ don Ldodaeleo~ &L[FEL) `{
he`oa `o~xmnuken imx ~fe i`x{~ ~`le `o Zdg`{~do/
F[D nme{ om~ fdye dop kmlze~`~mx `o ~fe ldxge~ ~m kmlze~e q`~f/ Hu~ {~`cc ~fe {~xd~eap
~fd~ F[D dnmz~{ `{ ~fd~ `~ dcqdp{ n`iiexeo~`d~e{ `~{eci ixml zm~eo~`dc kmlze~`~mx{ mo ~fe
hd{`{ mi `~{ ldozmqex `/e/ `~{ tudc`i`en don evzex`eoken idkuc~p/ F[D fd{ d hec`ei ~fd~ `i
`~ fd{ d f`af tudc`~p qmxgimxke ~feo om m~fex `o{~`~u~e kdo kfdcceoae `~{ zm{`~`mo/ ^fe
oe~qmxg ~fd~ F[D fd{ hu`c~ imx ~fe evkfdoae mi idkuc~p don {~uneo~{ `{ dc{m moe mi `~{
kmlze~`~ ye enae{/ ^fe evkfdoae mi idkuc~p don {~uneo~ ~dge{ zcdke q`~f ~fe
Uo`yex{`~p mi C`yexzmmc# Tueeo Ldxadxxe~~e Uo`yex{`~p e~k
OEQ @o`~`d~`ye{
F[D fd{ ~dgeo ldop oeq `o`~`d~`ye{ qf`kf `okcune ~fe cduokf`oa mi2
Ld{~ex{ mi {k`eoke{ `o Fedc~f Ekmoml`k{ don Ldodaeleo~
Zm{~ Axdnud~e N`zcmld LENYK
ZFEO
LZF Eyeo`oa Zxmaxdl &4 pedx)
@o~exdk~`mo q`~f el`oeo~ zex{modc`~`e{ `o Zuhc`k Fedc~f
[~uneo~ [uzzmx~
I`odok`dc {uzzmx~ &Dqdxn mi [kfmcdx{f`z)
@^ {uzzmx~
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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F[D fd{ miiexen cdz~mz{ ~m L[ZF {~uneo~{ mo diimxndhce `o{~dccleo~{ don zcdo{ ~m
iux~fex hxmdneo ~fe {kmze
^fe Hu{`oe{{ Zxmke{{ mi F[D nezeon{ 6:% mo ~fe iuon{ mi Nmomx{ don 8:% mo ~fe
iuon{ zxmy`nen hp Amyexoleo~// ^fe iuon{ axdo~en hp ~fe Amyexoleo~ am `o~m ~fe
d{{`aoleo~ dkkmuo~ don ~fe iuon{ a`yeo hp ~fe Nmomx{ am `o~m ~fe kuxxeo~ dkkmuo~/
Zxmke{{
Dnyex~`{eleo~ hp ~fe Nmomx{
Nmomx a`ye{ do dnyex~`{eleo~ `o ~fe oeq{zdzex ~fd~ ~fep fdye iuon{ dyd`cdhce imx {dp
Fuldo Xe{muxke Fedc~f mx dop {fmx~ kmux{e don xetue{~ ~fe zxmzm{dc/
Icmd~d~`mo mi zxmzm{dc
Di~ex ~fe dnyex~ {eleo~# ~fe Xe{edxkf don Neyecmzleo~ kecc mi Fedc~f [exy`ke{
Dkdnelp icmd~{ `~{ zxmzm{dc/ ^fe zxmzm{dc kmo~d`o{ ~fe zxmzm{en dk~`y`~`e{ ~fd~ `~ q`cc
kdxxp mu~/ `i ~fe Nmomx c`ge{ ~fe zxmzm{dc fe dkkez~{ `~/
Dkkez~doke mi zxmzm{dc
Qfeo ~fe zxmzm{dc `{ dkkez~en# ~fe daxeeleo~ `{ {`aoen he~qeeo ~fe Nmomx don F[D/
^fe daxeeleo~{ dxe om~ mi moe g`on/ F[D e`~fex ae~{ `o~m d {`lzce daxeeleo~ mx `~
{`ao{ do DZQ qf`kf `{ ~fe Dooudc Zcdo imx Qmxg/ @o Dooudc Zcdo imx Qmxg F[D fd{ ~m
ldge ~fe dooudc zcdo imx ~fe zxmbek~ ~fd~ `~ fd{ qmo don zxe{eo~ `~ ~m ~fe Nmomx/
M~fex g`on{ mi daxeeleo~ ~fd~ dxe {`aoen he~qeeo ~fe Nmomx{ don F[D dxe kmo~xdk~{/
^fe{e kmo~xdk~{ dxe imx d ~`le zex`mn c`ge ~fxee mi i`ye pedx{/ ^feo ~fexe `{
Lelmxdonul mi Uonex{~don`oa/ @i LMU `{ {`aoen q`~f dop nmomx ~fd~ ledo{ ~fd~ `~ `{
imx c`ie~`le/ ^f`{ dc{m nezeon{ mo ~fe g`on mi dk~`y`~p/ Qfeo ~fexe dxe zxmbek~{# ~fe ~`le
c`l`~ `{ `neo~`i`en {m ~fe kmo~xdk~ `{ {`aoen/ ^fexe dxe dc{m lmo~fcp dk~`y`~`e{ ~fd~ dxe
iuonen hp ~fe nmomx{/
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Zxezdxd~`mo mi hunae~
F[D ldge{ d hunae~ mi dcc ~fe dk~`y`~`e{ don a`ye{ `~ ~m ~fe nmomx
U~`c`rd~`mo mi xe{muxke{
^fe dk~`y`~ e{ leo~`moen `o ~fe zxmzm{dc do he`oa daxeen uzmo di~ex q`oo`oa ~fe
zxmzm{dc dxe zeximxlen/ ^fe nmomx e`~fex a`ye{ ~fe qfmce dlmuo~ d~ ~fe {~dx~ mi ~fe
zxmbek~ mx a`ye{ d zexkeo~dae mi ~fe dlmuo~ d~ ~fe {~dx~ don ~feo a`ye{ ~fe xeld`o`oa
dlmuo~ di~ex ~fe zxmbek~ `{ kmlzce~e/ Mx `~ dc{m d{g{ F[D ~m kmlzce~e ~fe qfmce
zxmbek~ ixml `~{ mqo xe{muxke{ don qfeo ~fe zxmbek~ `{ kmlzce~e# `~ xe`lhux{e{ ~fd~
dlmuo~/
Xezmx~`oa ~m Nmomx{
Dad`o ~fe qdp mi xezmx~`oa ~m n`iiexeo~ nmomx{ `{ n`iiexeo~/ ^m {mle nmomx{ F[D fd{ ~m
xezmx~ mocp qfeo ~fe zxmbek~ `{ kmlzce~en/ ^m m~fex{# F[D fd{ ~m xezmx~ d~ edkf {~ez mi
~fe zxmbek~ don ~feo fd{ ~m {uhl`~ d i`odc xezmx~ d~ ~fe eon mi ~fe zxmbek~ mx pedx/
Xeke`y`oa zdpleo~
F[D xeke`ye{ ~fe dlmuo~ daxeen uzmo qfeo ~fe zxmbek~ `{ kmlzce~en/ @~ ldge{ ~fe
~dhce mi ~fe `oicmq don mu~icmq mi iuon{/ @i ~fe `oicmq `{ lmxe ~fdo ~fe mu~icmq ~feo ~fexe
`{ d {dy`oa ~fd~ ame{ ~m F[D{ dkkmuo~/
Mo ~fe m~fex fdon `i mu~icmq `{ lmxe ~fdo ~fe `oicmq ~feo ~fe nmomx `{ om~ am`oa ~m zdp
lmxe ~fdo ~fe dlmuo~ daxeen uzmo `o ~fe daxeeleo~/
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^fexe ev`{~ kex~d`o zcu{ don oead~`ye zm`o~{ xecd~en ~m F[D qf`kf fdye heeo
f`afc`af~en `o ne~d`c fexe/
[~xeoa~f{
FD[ `{ d i`x{~ `o{~`~u~e ~fd~ `{ miiex`oa Ld{~ex{ mi [k`eoke `o Zuhc`k fedc~f &L[ZF)/ ^f`{
a`ye{ ~fe dkdnelp lmxe qmx~f d{ `~ fd{ e{~dhc`{fen ~fe {~dondxn don xekmao`~`mo mi
he`oa ~fe i`x{~ `o{~`~u~e ~m miiex ~f`{ kmux{e don ldop m~fex zxmaxdl{
F[D fd{ d ammn dkdnel`k {uzzmx~ don xezu~d~`mo `o ~fe kmuo~xp/ ^fe LZF &Ld{~ex{
mi Zuhc`k Fedc~f) zxmaxdlle miiexen hp ~fe dkdnelp fd{ kmo{`nexdhce neldon `o ~fe
kmuo~xp/
^fe {~uneo~{ mi F[D kmle{ ixml y`x~udccp dcc ldbmx zdx~{ mi ~fe kmuo~xp don di~ex
~dg`oa ~f`{ kmux{e ldge ydcudhce kmo~x`hu~`mo ~m ~fe`x cmkdc dxed{
F[D fd{ {ukke{{iuc dculo` ~fd~ dxe elzcmpen `o zxe{~`a`mu{ `o{~`~u~`mo{/
^fe Amyexoleo~ mi Zdg`{~do xedc`re{ ~fe zm~eo~`dc heoei`~{ mi F[D don d{ d xe{uc~ fd{
heeo zxmy`n`oa i`odok`dc don omo i`odok`dc d{{`{~doke/
F[D he`oa moe mi ~fe zxel`ex `o{~`~u~`mo{ `o zuhc`k fedc~f fd{ {~xmoa `o{~`~u~`modc c`og{/
F[D fd{ ~xd`oen lmxe ~fdo ;::: zxmie{{`modc{ hp y`x~ue mi {fmx~ kmux{e{/
Neyecmzleo~ daeok`e{ fdye geeo `o~exe{~ `o `oye{~`oa ~mqdxn{ he~~exleo~ mi F[D/
F[D fd{ zxmy`nen xe{edxkf don kmo{uc~dokp zxmbek~{ q`~f d {uh{~do~`ye {uzzmx~ mi
neyecmzleo~ zdx~oex{ {zek`dccp A^R# U[D@N don Ad~e `o{~`~u~e/
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Moe mi ~fe ld`o xed{mo{ mi xezu~d~`mo mi zxmaxdlle{ miiexen hp F[D `{ ~fe {ecek~`mo
zxmke{{ mi {~uneo~{/ X`af~ ixml ~fe i`x{~ hd~kf ~fexe `{ {~xmoa imku{ mo lex`~ hd{en
{ecek~`mo {m tudc`~p `{ eo{uxen/
F[D { dii`c`d~en q`~f ldop xezu~dhce o{~`~u~`mo{ c`ge Tud`n @ Drdl Uo`yex{`~p# Od~`modc
Uo`yex{`~p mi [k`eoke don ^ekfomcmap don Zdg`{~do Len`kdc don Neo~dc Kmuok`c/ @~ `{
dc{m moe mi ~fe ldop xed{mo{ mi ammnq`cc don kxen`h`c`~p mi ~fe zxmaxdlle{ miiexen hp
F[D qf`kf dxe {~`cc xd~en f`afex ~5fdo ldop mi ~fe ev`{~`oa `o{~`~u~e{ zxmy`n`oa {dle
neaxee/
^fe dkdnelp fd{ d yexp tudc`i`en idkuc~p/ Dcc mi ~fe `o{~xuk~mx{ ~edkf`oa ~fexe dxe
f`afcp tudc`i`en zemzce qfm dxe yexp evzex~ `o ~fe`x i`ecn{/ Dclm{~ dcc mi ~fel dxe
neaxee fmcnex{ mi imxe`ao `o{~`~u~e{/ Lmxemyex F[D dc{m {eon{ `~{ idkuc~p ~m ~xd`o`oa
don qmxg{fmz{ dhxmdn imx ~fe zuxzm{e mi kdzdk`~p hu`cn`oa mi FD[/ ^fe{e zemzce ~feo
q`~f ~fe`x `lzxmyen gomqcenae# {g`cc{ don d~~`~une{ zxmye ~m he ~fe {~xeoa~f mi F[D/
[~xeoa~f mi F[D `{ ~fe myex{ee`oa mi ~fe mzexd~`mo{ mi F[D hp U[D@N don A^R/
U[D@N don A^R hm~f dxe ~fe nmomx{ qfm a`ye iuon{ ~m FD[/ ^m ldge {uxe ~fd~ ~fe
iuon{ dxe mz~`ldccp u~`c`ren# ~fep geez d cmmg d~ F[D{ mzexd~`mo{/ ^f`{ ldge{ ~fe
ldodaeleo~ mi FD[ qmxg lmxe eii`k`eo~cp don eiiek~`yecp/
Qedgoe{{e{
^fexe `{ om zxmzex FX nezdx~leo~ `o F[D/ ^fe qmxg qf`kf `{ omxldccp ~fe {mce
xe{zmo{`h`c`~p mi ~fe FX nezdx~leo~ `o ~fe mxado`rd~`mo{ `{ necead~en ~m dnl`o`{~xd~`mo
nezdx~leo~/ ^fe dnl`o`{~xd~`mo nezdx~leo~ dcxednp fd{ `~{ mqo qmxg {m `~ kdoom~
fdonce ~fe zex{mooec ld~~ex{ ~fe qdp do FX nezdx~leo~ kdo/ Eyeo ae~~`oa ~fe
zex{modc xekmxn{ mi ~fe elzcmpee{ ixml dnl`o`{~xd~`mo nezdx~leo~ ~mmg le {m cmoa ~muznd~e ~fe xekmxn{ mi ~fe elzcmpee{ imx ~fe cd{~ ~fxee pedx{/ Xekxu`~leo~# {ecek~`mo#
~xd`o`oa{ don dzzxd`{dc kdo he d qdp lmxe eiiek~ ye `i F[D fd{ `~{ mqo FX
nezdx~leo~/
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@o ~fe 9~f HMA lee~`oa F[D fd{ nek`nen ~m hu`cn don dkdnel`k hcmkg don cd~ex mo
~f`{ dkdnel`k hcmkg q`cc he a`yeo ~fe {~d~u{ mi d uo`yex{`~p/ F[D `{ qecc gomqo
`o{~`~u~`mo `o Zuhc`k Fedc~f i`ecn don `i `~ `{ a`yeo ~fe {~d~u{ mi ~fe uo`yex{`~p# ~f`{ q`cc he
moe mi d g`on ~fd~ `{ miiex`oa dcc ~fe{e dnydoken kmux{e{/ ^fe Uo`yex{`~p q`cc he a`yeo
~fe odle OUZF[ `/e/ Od~`modc Uo`yex{`~p mi Zuhc`k Fedc~f [k`eoke{/
^fexe `{ d nezdx~leo~ mx d hcmkg kdccen LENYK Len`kdc Eo~mlmcmap don N`{ed{e
Yek~mx Kmo~xmc/ ^f`{ nezdx~leo~ `{ nm`oa xe{edxkf mo neoaue c`ge fmq `~ kdo he
fdlzexen ixml {zxedn`oa/ ^fe amdc mi ~f`{ ~xd`o`oa zxmaxdl `{ ~m i`cc ~fe adz mi ~xd`oen
ldozmqex `o ~fe dxed mi LENYK/ Axdnud~e{ ixml ~f`{ kmux{e q`cc `o`~`dccp am `o~m
mzexd~`modc n`{ed{e yek~mx kmo~xmc zxmaxdlle{ `o Zdg`{~do d~ edkf N`{~x`k~ ceyec/ ^f`{
kxed~e{ do mzzmx~uo`~p imx F[D d{ `~ q`cc zcdp d ldbmx xmce `o kmo~xmcc`oa {ukf n`{ed{e{`o Zdg`{~do/
^fe IND &I`ecn Nelmo{~xd~`mo Dxed) qf`kf qd{ zxey`mu{cp e{~dhc`{fen `o Gmxdc don
omq `o Ldonxd imx xe{edxkf zuxzm{e `{ lmo`~mxen hp zm{~ axdnud~e f`afcp tudc`i`en
{~uneo~{ qfm y`{`~ IND imx ~fe`x xe{edxkf qmxg/ ^fe{e {~uneo~{ dxe mux ev~xd ldo
zmqex ~m qfml qe zxmy`ne i`ecn ~xd`o`oa don u~`c`re ~fel imx lmo`~mx`oa don eydcud~`mo
zuxzm{e{/ ^f`{ kdo he do mzzmx~uo`~p hekdu{e `~ q`cc ae~ F[D d xeyeoue {~xedl/^fe
Ku~~`oa Enae Xe{edxkf he`oa kdxx`en mu~ d~ F[D `{ dc{m do mzzmx~uo`~p qf`kf `{ he`oa
evzcm`~en d~ F[D don F[D fmze{ ~m heoei`~ ixml ~f`{ xe{edxkf/
^fxed~{
F[D fd{ xekeo~cp {eo~ ldop mi ~fe f`afcp tudc`i`en idkuc~p lelhex{ dhxmdn imx ZfN
don m~fex ~xd`o`oa zxmaxdlle{/ ^f`{ ldp kxed~e d ~elzmxdxp {fmx~dae mi tudc`i`en
idkuc~p lelhex{ qf`kf dxe dcxednp ce{{ `o oulhex/ Lmxemyex d{ ~fe L[FEL kmux{e `{
{~dx~`oa# ~edkfex{ c`ge Nx/ Dlbdn `{ oeenen qfm fd{ xekeo~cp amoe ~m UG ~m nm ZfN/
F[D xec`e{ mo ~fe iuon{ ixml ~fe amyexoleo~ don `o~exod~`modc mxado`rd~`mo{/ D{
xekeo~cp fdzzeoen `o F[D ~fd~ U[D@N {e`ren `~{ iuon{ imx ~fe kml`oa 9 lmo~f{ don `~
kxed~en i`odok`dc zxmhcel{ imx F[D/ [m lukf ~fd~ F[D fdn ~m dnmz~ {mle ekmomlp
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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led{uxe{/ [m F[D dcqdp{ hedx{ d ~fxed~ mi {fmx~dae mi iuon{ `i `~ nme{ om~ qmxg uz ~m
~fe ldxg mx nm om~ u~`c`re ~fe iuon{ zxmzexcp &d{ fdzzeoen `o ~fe kd{e mi U[D@N ~fd~
~fe i`odoke nez~ n`n om~ iuci`cc ~fe`x xetu`xeleo~)/
Nu~`e{2
4/ Zxezdxd~`mo mi daeond2
@ qd{ a`yeo ~fe d{{`aoleo~ ~m zxezdxe ~fe daeond imx ~fe 9~f lee~`oa mi ~fe hma/ ^fe
daeond kmo~d`o{ ~fe `~el{ ~m he n`{ku{{en `o ~fe lee~`oa mi ~fe HMA/ @ zxezdxen ~fe
daeond imx ~fe 9~f lee~`oa mi ~fe Hmdxn mi Amyexomx{/ @ qd{ d{{`aoen ~f`{ ~d{g d{ `
fdn ~fe `ned d{ ~m fmq ~fe daeond{ don ~fe qmxg`oa zdzex{ dxe ldne/ ` am~ ~f`{ `ned
qf`ce ldg`oa ~fe ld~x`ke{/ ^f`{ `{ hekdu{e ~m ldge d {`oace d ~dhce @ fdn ~m am
~fxmuaf {m ldop nmkuleo~{ d{ @ fdye qx`~~eo heimxe/
8/ Xey`{`mo mi daeond{2
^fe daeond qd{ xey`{en ldop ~`le{ heimxe d i`odc daeond qd{ i`odc`ren/ ^fe`x mxnex{
qexe kfdoaen/ ^fe daeond `~el{ qexe dnnen don {uh~xdk~en/ ^fe lmn`i`kd~`mo{
kmo~`ouen ~`cc 4{~ mi Bucp/ ^fe zxmkenuxe{ mi ~fe mii`ke dxe ~fd~ eyexp~f`oa `{ dzzxmyen
hp ~fe n`xek~mx i`x{~/ d i`odc daeond qd{ nxdi~en eyeo heimxe ~fe eveku~`ye kmll`~~ee
lee~`oa/ Hu~ di~ex ~fe lee~`oa mi ~fe eveku~`ye kmll`~~ee# ~fe daeond qd{ xey`{en
moke dad`o d{ ~fe kmll`~~ee nek`nen ~fd~ ~fe daeond q`cc he d zxek`{e don d kmok`{e
moe/
;/ Eveku~`ye {ulldxp2
^fe eveku~`ye {ulldxp qd{ d nmkuleo~ qx`~~eo ~fd~ qd{ {uzzm{en ~m he d~~dkfen
q`~f dcc mi ~fe `oy`~d~`mo ce~~ex{/ ^f`{ {ulldxp `o~xmnuken F[D ~m ~fe `oy`~ee{ don adye
d hx`ei myexy`eq mi ~fe mxado`rd~`mo/ Lmxemyex ` fdn ~m qx`~e dhmu~ ~fe zxmaxdlle{
he`oa miiexen `o F[D don {mle m~fex ne~d`c{ dhmu~ F[D/
>/ Kmlzm{`~`mo mi hma o ~fe`x xmce{2
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@ qd{ a`yeo d nu~p ~m qx`~e nmqo ~fe oulhex don ne{`aod~`mo{ mi ~fe lelhex{ mi ~fe
Hmdxn mi Amyexomx{/ ` ~x`en nm`oa `~ `o d n`iiexeo~ qdp hp ldg`oa d ~dhce leo~`mo`oa ~fe
oulhex{# ne{`aod~`mo{# don ~fe ~pze mi lelhex{ mi ~fe Hmdxn mi Amyexomx{/
5/ Ld~x`ke{2
^fe i`x{~ nu~p d{{`aoen ~m le qd{ ~m am ~fxmuaf ~fe ld~x`ke{ don ~fe qmxg`oa zdzex{
mi ~fe zxey`mu{ lee~`oa{ don ~feo ldge ~fe ld~x`v mi ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo {~d~u{ mi ~fe
5~f lee~`oa mi ~fe HmA/ @ n`n d{ @ qd{ n`xek~en/ Di~ex Lx/ G`pdo` kfekgen `~# fe c`gen `~
don d{gen le ~m ldge ~fe ld~x`ke{ mi ~fe daeond `~el{# ~fe nek`{`mo ~dgeo don ~fe
`lzceleo~d~`mo {~d~u{ mi dcc mi ~fe zxey`mu{ lee~`oa{ mi ~fe Hmdxn mi Amyexomx{/
Q`~f ~f`{ kdle ~fe dnn`~`modc nu~`e{ ~fd~ qexe d{{`aoen ~m le/ ^fm{e nu~`e{ `okcunen
Ld`o~eodoke mi xekmxn{
I`on`oa ~fe l`{zcdken i`ce{
Dxxdoa`oa ~fe xekmxn{
Y`{`~`oa n`iiexeo~ nezdx~leo~{ ~m `otu`xe dhmu~ ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo {~d~u{ mi ~fe
n`iiexeo~ nek`{`mo{
9/ Qmxg`oa zdzex2
@ qd{ d{gen ~m ldge d nxdi~ mi ~fe qmxg`oa zdzex{ ixml ~fe daeond `~el{/ ^f`{ nu~p
qd{ d{{`aoen ~m le hp Lx/ G`pdo` qfm `{ ~fe d{{`{~do~ n`xek~mx/ @ n`n d{ @ qd{ n`xek~en/
@ fdn ~m xeiex ~m ~fe zxey`mu{ qmxg`oa zdzex{ imx fecz/ @ n`n ~fe {dle/ Hu~ Lx/ G`pdo`
d{{`{~en le ~fxmuafmu~ don feczen le qfeoeyex @ idken dop zxmhcel/
Eyeo fexe @ dnmz~en ~fe {dle imxld~ @ dnmz~en imx neyecmz`oa ~fe ld~x`ke{ don ~fe
kmlzm{`~`mo mi ~fe Hmdxn lelhex{/ DN don ~fe N`xek~mx c`gen lp qmxg don d{gen le
~m kmo~`oue don ldge ~fe I`odc nxdi~ mi ~fe qmxg`oa zdzex{/
1/ Dxxdoa`oa ~fe lee~`oa mi ~fe kmll`~~ee don ~fe L`ou~e{ mi ~fe lee~`oa mi ~fe
eveku~`ye kmll`~~ee2
Dom~fex nu~p d{{`aoen ~m le qd{ ~m dxxdoae d lee~`oa mi ~fe eveku~`ye kmll`~~ee ~m
n`{ku{{ ~fe daeond mi ~fe lee~`oa/ @ `oimxlen ~fe lelhex{ mi ~fe eveku~`ye
kmll`~~ee dhmu~ ~fe lee~`oa don di~ex ~fe lee~`oa @ qd{ a`yeo ~fe ~d{g ~m qx`~e nmqo
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~fe l`ou~e{ mi ~fe lee~`oa/ Fexe fmqeyex Lx/ G`pdo` d{{`{~en le ~fxmuafmu~ ~fe
d{{`aoleo~ d{ ` n`n om~ gomq dhmu~ ~fe nek`{`mo{ ~dgeo/ ^f`{ qd{ hekdu{e @ n`n om~
fdye dop xmuaf nxdi~ mi ~fe nek`{`mo ~dgeo d~ ~fe lee~`oa/
6/ @oy`~d~`mo ce~~ex{2
^fe oev~ d{{`aoleo~ qd{ dc{m xecd~en ~m ~fe lee~`oa mi ~fe Hmdxn mi amyexomx/ ` qd{
d{gen ~m xeiex ~m dop mi ~fe `oy`~d~`mo ce~~ex mi ~fe zxey`mu{ lee~`oa don ~feo qx`~e d
{dle ce~~ex ~m n`iiexeo~ `oy`~ee{/ @ n`n d{ n`xek~en don ~feo d~~dkfen d kmzp mi eveku~`ye
{ulldxp# kmlzm{`~`mo don xmce{ mi ~fe lelhex{ mi ~fe Hmdxn# daeond q`~f edkf
ce~~ex/
0/ Imccmq uz2
Di~ex ~fe ce~~ex{ qexe {eo~ @ qd{ d{{`aoen ~fe nu~p ~m imccmq uz ~fxmuaf ~fe ~ecezfmoe
don idv qf`kf @ n`n/
4:/ Dxxdoaeleo~{ imx hma2
^fe dxxdoaeleo~{ qexe ~m he ldne hp ~fe DN/ Fe necead~en {mle mi ~fe ~d{g{ ~m le/
@ fdn ~m zeximxl ~f`{ nu~p d{ qecc dcmoa q`~f nm`oa ~fe m~fex ~f`oa{/ @ fdye ~mcn ~fe
kmlzce~e ne~d`c `o ~fe qeegcp xezmx~ d{ ~m fmq @ dxxdoaen ~fe ~f`oa{ don kmlzce~en ~f`{
uo`tue d{{`aoleo~/
44/ Zxe{eo~d~`mo{2
Dom~fex nu~p don feoke d ammn kfdcceoae imx le qd{ ~m ldge d zxe{eo~d~`mo ~m he
zxe{eo~en hp ~fe n`xek~mx `o ~fe lee~`oa/ @~ qd{ d kfdcceoae imx le hekdu{e ~fe
lelhex{ mi ~fe Hmdxn qexe dcc yexp {eo`mx don evzex`eoken zemzce/ Fmqeyex# @# dcmoa
q`~f Lx/ G`pdo` qd{ dhce ~m ldge `~/ ^fe zxe{eo~d~`mo qd{ zxe{eo~en ~m ~fe n`xek~mx imx
lmxe ~fdo ; ~`le{ don eyexp ~`le @ qd{ d{gen ~m lmn`ip ~fe zxe{eo~d~`mo/ D h`a xed{mo
imx ~fe necdp `o ~fe kmlzce~`mo mi ~fe zxe{eo~d~`mo qd{ ~fe omo,kmmzexd~`mo hp NN
i`odoke qfm n`n om~ zxmy`ne le q`~f ~fe i`odok`dc nd~d/
48/ Ld{~ex imcnex2
Di~ex ~fe hma lee~`oa qd{ myex @ qd{ d{gen ~m ldge d ld{~ex imcnex mi ~fe Hma
lee~`oa qf`kf qd{ ~m kmo~d`o eyexp {`oace ne~d`c xecd~en ~m ~fe lee~`oa don eyexp h`~
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mi qmxg zeximxlen imx ~fe zuxzm{e/ ^f`{ ld{~ex imcnex qd{ ~m he kfekgen don {`aoen
hp ~fe L`o`{~ex mi fedc~f/ @ kmlzce~en ~fe ~d{g d{{`aoen ~m le q`~f eyexp {`oace ne~d`c/ @
qd{ dhce ~m nm `~ hekdu{e @ n`n dclm{~ eyexp~f`oa ixml ~pz`oa mi ~fe `oy`~d~`mo ce~~ex{ ~m
imxl`oa ~fe ld~x`ke{ ~m qx`~`oa ~fe l`ou~e{ e~k/ don @ qd{ geez`oa ~fe kmzp mi
eyexp~f`oa `o ~fe xekmxn/ ^fe mocp zxmhcel fexe ~fd~ mkkuxxen qd{ dad`o hekdu{e mi
~fe i`odoke nezdx~leo~/
4;/ L`ou~e{ mi ~fe HmA lee~`oa2
Di~ex ~fe lee~`oa mi ~fe HmA# d xmuaf nxdi~ mi ~fe l`ou~e{ mi ~f`{ lee~`oa qd{ a`yeo ~m
le hp Lx/ G`pdo` don fe d{gen le ~m qx`~e nmqo ~fe l`ou~e{/ @ kmlzce~en ~fe
d{{`aoleo~ q`~f`o ~qm ndp{ hp u{`oa ~fe qmxg`oa zdzex{ qe ldne imx ~fe lee~`oa/ @
kmlzce~en ~fe d{{`aoleo~ `o ~fe qdp ~fd~ {u`~en le ~fe lm{~ don `~ qd{ `oneen qecc
dzzxek`d~en hp ~fe n`xek~mx don Lx/ G`pdo`/
4>/ C`hxdxp2
@ qd{ d{gen ~m {`~ `o c`hxdxp imx 8 ~m ; ndp{/ Nux`oa ~fe{e ndp{ ~fe nu~`e{ d{{`aoen ~m
le qexe n`iiexeo~/ @o`~`dccp @ qd{ a`yeo ~fe xe{zmo{`h`c`~p ~m kfekg `i dophmnp fd{ om~
zxmzexcp {fecyen ~fe hmmg{ don ~feo ~m zu~ ~fel `o ~fe {fecye{ dkkmxn`oa ~m ~fe`x
oulhex{/ @ dc{m ~x`en ~m kmxxek~ ~fe mxnex mi ~fe hmmg{ dcxednp {fecyen dkkmxn`oa ~m
~fe`x oulhex{/ @ qd{ ~mcn fmq ~fe nd~dhd{e `o ~fe c`hxdxp qmxg{/ @ am~ do `ned mi fmq ~m
eo~ex ~fe ne~d`c{ mi ~fe hmmg{ ~fd~ qexe `{{uen mx xe~uxoen/ @ qmxgen d{ `o d c`hxdx`do
uonex ~fe au`ndoke mi L`{{ D{f`id Pdtmmh &c`hxdx`do)/ Dom~fex nu~p d{{`aoen ~m le `o
~fe c`hxdxp qd{ ~m qx`~e nmqo {mle mi ~fe xuce{ ~fd~ {fmucn he imccmqen `o ~fe c`hxdxp/
45/ Y`{`~ ~m ~fe Ndpkdxe Keo~xe2
Moe xe{zmo{`h`c`~p d{{`aoen ~m le qd{ ~m y`{`~ ~fe ndp kdxe keo~ex ~m kfekg `i ~fe
~f`oa{ qexe dcx`af~ imx ~fe g`n{ mx `i ~fexe `{ {mle {muaf~ mi kcedoc`oe{{ zxmhcel/ @ qeo~
~m ~fe ndp kdxe don g`on mi `o{zek~en ~fe ~f`oa{/ @ d{gen ~fe ld`n{ ~fexe `i ~fep dxe
fdy`oa {mle zxmhcel xecd~en ~m ~fe kcedo qd~ex mx ecek~x`k`~p e~k/ ^fep ~mcn le ~fd~
eyexp~f`oa `{ yexp ammn hu~ cd{~ ndp qfeo ~fexe qd{ do ecek~x`k`~p cmdn {fenn`oa imx ;
fmux{# ~fe aeoexd~mx{ qexe om~ {q`~kfen mo don ~fe g`n{ fdn ~m {`~ q`~fmu~ ~fe d`x
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kmon`~`moex{ don ido{/ Di~ex ~fd~ lp ~d{g qd{ ~m a`ye d qx`~~eo om~e mi ~fe zxmhcel{
don ~fe zm{{`hce {mcu~`mo{/
49/ Dxxdoa`oa ~fe imxe`ao ~x`z mi ~fe n`xek~mx
^fe Eveku~`ye N`xek~mx qd{ am`oa ~m Kd`xm# Eapz~ imx d~~eon`oa d {el`odx/ @ qd{ d{gen
~m ldge ~fe dxxdoaeleo~{ imx ~f`{ ~x`z/ I`x{~ mi dcc @ qd{ a`yeo ~fe zd{{zmx~ mi ~fe
n`xek~mx q`~f ~fe y`{d {~dlzen mo `~/ @ d{gen dhmu~ ~fe ne~d`c{ mi f`{ {~dp `o Kd`xm &^fe
zcdke qfexe fe qmucn he {~dp`oa don imx fmq ldop ndp{# kfdxae{ e~k)/ ^fe
nmkuleo~{ qfm{e mx`a`odc kmzp @ adye ~m ~fe Eveku~`ye N`xek~mx don qfm{e kmz`e{
qexe gez~ `o ~fe xekmxn{ qexe d{ imccmq{2
Om Mhbek~`mo Kex~`i`kd~e kex~`ip`oa ~fd~ Lx/ D{{dn Fdieer fd{ heeo oml`od~en
hp F[D don ~fd~ ~fe L`o`{~xp fd{ om mhbek~`mo ~m f`{ zxmkeen`oa dhxmdn nux`oa
~fe {d`n zex`mn/
^fe {kfenuce mi ~fe [el`odx ~fd~ `{ ~m he d~~eonen hp ~fe EN/
Om~e Yexhdce hp ~fe Qmxcn Fedc~f Mxado`rd~`mo
Zd{{zmx~
^`kge~
M~fex oeke{{dxp nmkuleo~{ xecd~en ~m ~fe lee~`oa/
@ kmlzce~en ~fe d{{`aoleo~ x`af~ mo ~`le q`~f ~fe d{{`{~doke mi DN/
41/ Zxezdxd~`mo mi ~`le {fee~2
D{ ~fe zxmbek~ ldodaex `{ do elzcmpee mi U[D@N/ Moe mi ~fe xetu`xeleo~{ {fe oeen{
~m iuci`cc `{ ~fe zxezdxd~`mo mi ~`le {fee~ d{ eyexp elzcmpee mi U[D@N fd{ ~m ldge d~`le {fee~/ @ zxezdxen ~fe ~`le{fee~ dcmoa q`~f ~fe Zxmbek~ Ldodaex don qmxgen mo `~
q`~f fex/ [fe zxmy`nen le q`~f ~fe xmuaf nxdi~ mi i`i~eeo ndp{ qf`kf qexe eo~exen
n`xek~cp `o~m ~fe ~`le {fee~/ Don imx ~fe dk~`y`~`e{ mi ~fe xe{~ mi ~fe ndp{ mi Buoe {fe
qmxgen q`~f le don au`nen le ~fxmuaf mu~/
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46/ EN{ Eoadaeleo~{2
` qd{ dc{m ~xu{~en q`~f ~fe nu~p ~m qx`~e nmqo ~fe nd`cp eoadaeleo~{ mi ~fe Eveku~`ye
N`xek~mx/ Imx ~f`{ @ fdn ~m {ee ~fd~ qfd~ ~fe dzzm`o~leo~{ dxe imx ~fe zxe{eo~ ndp don
imx ~fe kml`oa imux ndp{/ Ixml ~fd~ @ ldne d c`{~ mi eoadaeleo~{ don u{en ~m zd{~e
~fe zx`o~ mi `~ `o ~fe mzexd~mx{ don n`xek~mx{ mii`ke {m ~fd~ ~fexe `{ om myexcdzz`oa mi ~fe
dzzm`o~leo~{ mx lee~`oa{/ ^f`{ `{ d zxdk~`ke `{ F[D don @ qd{ d{{`aoen ~f`{
xe{zmo{`h`c`~p moke/
40/ Qmxg`oa d{ do mzexd~mx2
@ qmxgen d{ do mzexd~mx imx d~ ced{~ moe fmux nd`cp/ ~fe nu~`e{ @ fdn ~m zeximxl d{ `o do
mzexd~mx qexe ~m d~~eon ~fe kdcc{# ~xdo{iex ~fe kdcc{# `oimxl ~fe kdccex{ mi ~fe`x xetu`xen
ev~eo{`mo oulhex{# om~e nmqo ~fe `lzmx~do~ le{{dae{ imx ~fe n`xek~mx don m~fex{#
{kdo ~fe nmkuleo~{# don ~dge ~fe zx`o~ mu~{ mo ~fe xetue{~ mi m~fex{/
8:/ Ekmomlp Led{uxe{2
Lx/ G`pdo` ~mcn le ~fd~ ~fe Eveku~`ye Kmll`~~ee fd{ nek`nen ~m dnmz~ ekmomlp
led{uxe{ ~m nedc q`~f ~fe {fmx~dae mi iuon{/ ^fe nu~p imx le fexe qd{ ~m qx`~e nmqo d
ce~~ex mi ~fe ekmomlp led{uxe ~m he ~dgeo hp ~fe F[D don a`ye `~ `o edkf nezdx~leo~/
@ qxm~e nmqo ~fe ce~~ex mi ~fe Ekmomlp Led{uxe{# am~ `~ dzzxmyen don adye `~ ~m he
zx`o~en don ~feo @ zex{modccp qeo~ ~m edkf mii`ke don zd{~en `~ mo ~fe {mi~ Hmdxn{/
84/ Zex{modc xekmxn mi ~fe Eveku~`ye N`xek~mx Nx D{{dn Fdieer2
Moe mi ~fe nu~`e{ d{{`aoen ~m le qd{ ld`o~d`o ~fe zex{modc xekmxn mi ~fe Eveku~`ye
N`xek~mx don ~fe xekmxn mi f`{ Cmkdc don Imxe`ao ~mux{/ ^fe ne~d`c{ ~fd~ @ ad~fexen don
zu~ `o ~fe imcnex @ ldne `okcunen ~fe imccmq`oa2
Kuxx`kucul Y`~de mi ~fe N`xek~mx
^fe dzzm`o~leo~ don kmo~xdk~
^xd`o`oa{ d~~eonen
[el`odx{ d~~eonen
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Cmkdc ~mux{
Imxe`ao ~mux{
Zxmaxdl{ `o`~`d~en hp ~fe EN
Dh{~xdk~{ mi f`{ xe{edxkf zuhc`kd~`mo{
M~fex kdzdk`~p hu`cn`oa `o`~`d~`ye{ ~dgeo hp ~fe EN
88/ Lee~`oa{ mi ~fe eveku~`ye kmll`~~ee2
@ qd{ a`yeo ~fe nu~p `o ~fe 9~f qeeg ~m ldge d ld{~ex imcnex mi dcc ~fe lee~`oa mi ~fe
eveku~`ye kmll`~~ee/ ^fe l`ou~e{ mi ~fe lee~`oa{ qexe dyd`cdhce `o ~fe xekmxn{ hu~
lp nu~p qd{ ~m cmkd~e ~fel don dxxdoae `o kfxmomcma`kdc mxnex/ Xm{fdo Guldx
{uzzmx~en le `o ~f`{ d{{`aoleo~ d{ fe gez~ mo ~ecc`oa le ~fe nd~e{ mo qf`kf ~fe
lee~`oa mi ~fe Eveku~`ye Kmll`~~ee qd{ fecn don ~fe zuxzm{e mi ~fe lee~`oa{/ @
kmccek~en dcc mi ~fe i`ce{ mi ~fe lee~`oa{ mi ~fe eveku~`ye kmll`~~ee don ldne d ld{~ex
imcnex mi ~fe l`ou~e{ mi ~fe lee~`oa{/ @ dc{m ldne d ~dhce mi kmo~eo~{ ~m leo~`mo ~fd~
imx qfd~ zuxzm{e ~fe 4{~ lee~`oa qd{ fecn# ~feo ~fe {ekmon# ~f`xn don {m mo e/a/
Lee~`oa mi Eveku~`ye Kmll`~~ee Fecn ~m N`{ku{{ ~fe Zxmkuxeleo~ Zxmhcel{/
Dom~fex nu~p @ zeximxlen qd{ ~fd~ @ dxxdoaen d lee~`oa mi ~fe eveku~`ye kmll`~~ee ~m
n`{ku{{ ~fe `{{ue mi i`odok`oa ~fe ~x`z mi ~fe Nmk~mx{ qfm qexe am`oa dhxmdn imx e`~fexd~~eon`oa {mle {el`odx{ mx ~m zxe{eo~ ~fe`x zuhc`kd~`mo{ d{ F[D qd{ {fmx~ mi iuon{/
8;/ Ne~d`cen imcnex mi ~fe F[D kmccdhmxd~`mo{2
Moe mi ~fe xe{zmo{`h`c`~`e{ d{{`aoen ~m le qd{ ~m ldge d ne~d`cen imcnex mi ~fe
uo`yex{`~`e{ don @o{~`~u~e{ qfm dxe kuxxeo~cp `o kmccdhmxd~`mo q`~f F[D mx ~fe`x
kmccdhmxd~`mo `{ `o z`zec`oe/ Imx ae~~`oa ~f`{ `oimxld~`mo @ qmxgen `o ~fe [~uneo~ Diid`x{
Nezdx~leo~ don ~mmg ~fe `oimxld~`mo don kmz`e{ mi ~fe {`aoen nmkuleo~{/
Dkkmlzc`{fleo~{2
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Cmmg`oa hdkg mo lp dkkmlzc`{fleo~{ `o F[D# @ qmucn {dp ~fd~ @ fdye {m ldop
dkkmlzc`{fleo~{/ Lp i`x{~ dkkmlzc`{fleo~ qd{ ~m kmlzce~e d 9 qeeg{ `o~exo{f`z d~
F[D q`~fmu~ dop n`{zu~e{# kmoic`k~{ don n`{dzzm`o~leo~{/
Kml`oa ~mqdxn{ ~fe qmxg xecd~en dkkmlzc`{fleo~{/ Lp h`aae{~ dkf`eyeleo~ imx le
qd{ ~m kmlzce~e lp i`x{~ d{{`aoleo~ ~fd~ qd{ ~m ldge ~fe ld~x`v mi ~fe daeond `~el#
nek`{`mo{ don ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo {~d~u{ mi ~fe nek`{`mo{ ~dgeo `o ~fe i`i~f lee~`oa mi
~fe Hmdxn mi Amyexomx{/ ^f`{ d{{`aoleo~ qd{ hd{`kdccp a`yeo ~m kfekg lp kdc`hex hu~
di~ex ~fe lee~`oa mi ~fe N`xek~mx q`~f ~fe Fedc~f L`o`{~ex# ~fe nd~e mi 9~f lee~`oa mi
HmA qd{ i`ven don ~f`{ d{{`aoleo~ imx d lexe d{{e{{leo~ hekdle d axed~
xe{zmo{`h`c`~p eo~xu{~en ~m le/ @ kmlzce~en ~fe d{{`aoleo~ tu`~e tu`kgcp ~m ~fe
dldreleo~ mi ~fe leo~mx don fe eo~xu{~en le q`~f lmxe xe{zmo{`h`c`~p mi ldg`oa ~feld~x`ke{ mi ~fe `lzceleo~d~`mo{ {~d~u{ mi ~fe nek`{`mo{ ~dgeo `o dcc zxey`mu{ lee~`oa{/
[eo{e mi dkf`eyeleo~ don lp dkkmlzc`{fleo~{ gez~ mi x`{`oa eyexp ndp d{ lmxe don
lmxe nu~`e{ qexe a`yeo ~m le qf`kf @ fdye leo~`moen dhmye uonex ~fe fedn mi
Nu~`e{/ @ n`n dclm{~ eyexp~f`oa ~fd~ qd{ xetu`xen ~m he nmoe imx ~fe dxxdoaeleo~ mi ~fe
9~f lee~`oa mi ~fe Hmdxn mi Amyexomx{/ Don di~ex 9 qeeg{ mi `o~exo{f`z ~fe 4{~ ~f`oa
~fd~ @ kdo zxmuncp {dp `{ ~fd~ @ kmmxn`od~en don dxxdoaen d lee~`oa mi ~fe HMA don
qmxgen mo edkf don eyexp {`oace ne~d`c mi `~/ ^fe nmkuleo~{ `o ~fe fdon{ mi ~fe Hmdxn
lelhex{ `o ~fe lee~`oa# ~fe zxe{eo~d~`mo ~fep {dq# ~fe ce~~ex{ don m~fex ~f`oa{ {eo~ ~m
~fel# ~fe imccmq uz kdcc{ o idve{ ~fep xeke`yen qexe dcc ldne hp le/
Dom~fex dkkmlzc`{fleo~ qd{ ~fd~ @ le~ ~fe nednc`oe{/ Qfd~eyex ~fe d{{`aoleo~ qd{
a`yeo ~m he `~ qd{ xednp x`af~ mo ~`le don eyeo {mle~`le{ heimxe ~fe ~`le/ Lee~`oa d
nednc`oe `{ `o `~{eci qd{ d h`a dkf`eyeleo~ d{ eyexp {`oace ~`le @ qd{ dzzxek`d~en imx
~f`{/
@~ fdzzeoen imx ~fe 4{~ ~`le `o F[D ~fd~ ~fe Fedc~f L`o`{~ex d{gen ~m fmcn d lee~`oa mi
~fe HMA {m edxcp/ ^fexe qd{ d cm~ mi zxe{{uxe mo eyexpmoe/ Don eyeo `o ~fe zxe{{uxe @
qd{ dhce ~m zeximxl qecc/ ^fmuaf @ fdye leo~`moen `~ `o lp qeegcp xezmx~{ d{ qecc ~fd~
@ qd{ he`oa myexhuxneoen hu~ @ ~mmg ~f`{ zxe{{uxe zm{`~`yecp don kmlzce~en dcc ~fe
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d{{`aoleo~{ `o ~fe he{~ zm{{`hce qdp @ kmucn/ Lp dkkmlzc`{fleo~ fexe qd{ ~m cedxo
fmq ~m qmxg qecc uonex zxe{{uxe/
Cedxo`oa {mle~f`oa `o `~{eci `{ do dkkmlzc`{fleo~/ ^fe zuxzm{e mi lp `o~exo{f`z qd{
~m cedxo {mle~f`oa don @ kdo {dp ~fd~ ~fe zuxzm{e `{ dkkmlzc`{fen ~m `~{ iucce{~/ @ fdye
cedxoen {m ldop ~f`oa{ dhmu~ fmq ~m zeximxl qmxg# fmq ~m he d ammn kmccedaue# fmq
~m dym`n kmoic`k~{ don n`{zu~e{# fmq ~m kmmzexd~e q`~f m~fex{# fmq ~m kmmxn`od~e don
dxxdoae {el`odx{# lee~`oa{# ~xd`o`oa{ e~k/
Lp he{~ dkkmlzc`{fleo~ qd{ qfeo @ qeo~ ~m ~fe N`xek~mx{ mii`ke mo ~fe cd{~ ndp mi lp
`o~exo{f`z don ~fe D{{`{~do~ N`xek~mx {d`n ~fd~ qe qmucn fdye a`yeo pmu d bmh `i u qexe
d xe{`neo~ mi @{cdldhdn/ ^feo `o ~fe [~uneo~ Diid`x Nezdx~leo~# Lx/ Hd{f`x &ixml ~fe
[~uneo~ Diid`x{ Nezdx~leo~) {d`n ~fd~ @ dcqdp{ qdo~en d kmccedaue c`ge pmu/ Lx/ [deen
ixml ~fe I`odoke Nezdx~leo~ {d`n ~fd~ ~fe qdp pmu fdye qmxgen# `~ nme{ om~ {eel
~fd~ pmu fdye qmxgen imx ~fe 4{~ ~`le `o {mle mxado`rd~`mo/
Oeq Gomqcenae Dktu`xen2
^fe oeq gomqcenae @ dktu`xen ixml lp `o~exo{f`z `okcune{ ldop n`iiexeo~ ~f`oa{/
Lm{~cp qfd~eyex @ fdye {eeo `{ ~fd~ nm`oa d bmh `{ zxdk~`kdccp `lzceleo~`oa# `o pmux
mqo n`iiexeo~ {~pce# ~fe ~femxe~`kdc gomqcenae pmu fdye cedxoen/ Dc{m @ fdye am~ ~m
cedxo ~fd~ imx eyexp {`oace {eo~eoke mi ~fe hmmg{ qe xedn ~fexe c`e{ pedx{ mi
evzex`eoke{ ~m qx`~e ~fd~/ ^fe oeq gomqcenae @ dktu`xen `o F[D `okcune{ ~fe
imccmq`oa2
Kmmxn`od~`oa q`~f n`iiexeo~ nezdx~leo~{2
@ cedxoen fmq ~m kmmxn`od~en q`~f n`iiexeo~ nezdx~leo~{ don kmccdhmxd~e q`~f ~fel ~m
dkf`eye ~fe myexdcc amdc{ mi ~fe mxado`rd~`mo/ @i dcc mi ~fe nezdx~leo~{ dxe dk~`ye `o
kmlzce~`oa ~fe`x zdx~{ mi ~fe bmh don moe mx ~qm nezdx~leo~{ nm om~ zeximxl ~fe`x zdx~
mi ~fe bmh ~feo ~fe uc~`ld~e amdc{ mi ~fe Mxado`rd~`mo d{ d qfmce kdoom~ he dkf`eyen/ @
cedxoen ~f`{ ixml ~fe d{{`aoleo~{ a`yeo ~m le/ ^f`{ `{ hekdu{e @ fdn ~m qmxg `o lmxe
~fdo moe nezdx~leo~ imx edkf don eyexp {`oace d{{`aoleo~/ @ fdye leo~`moen `o lp
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xezmx~ ~fd~ moe mx ~qm mi lp d{{`aoleo~ qexe dclm{~ necdpen hekdu{e mi ~fe omo,
kmmzexd~`mo hp {mle nezdx~leo~/ [m ~fe gomqcenae @ dktu`xen `{ ~fd~ `i do
mxado`rd~`mo `{ ~m he {ukke{{iuc d{ d qfmce# ~feo dcc mi ~fe nezdx~leo~{ lu{~ qmxg#
kmmxn`od~e don kmccdhmxd~e q`~f edkf don imku{ mo ~fe uc~`ld~e amdc mi ~fe
mxado`rd~`mo xd~fex ~fdo ~fe nezdx~leo~dc amdc{/ ^fe nezdx~leo~dc amdc{ dxe bu{~ ~fe
ledo{ ~m do eon `/e/ mxado`rd~`modc amdc/
Fm{~`oa# dxxdoa`oa don kmmxn`od~`oa {el`odx{# qmxg{fmz{# lee~`oa{ don
eyeo~{2
F[D dxxdoae{ ldop {el`odx{ don ~fe qmxg{fmz{ `o kmccdhmxd~`mo{ q`~f `~{ zdx~oex{
don mo `~{ mqo/ ^fe ~xd`o`oa{ don {el`odx{ dxe imx n`iiexeo~ zuxzm{e{ c`ge imx evdlzce
Kmlzu~ex ~xd`o`oa qd{ a`yeo ~m ~fe elzcmpee{ {m ~fd~ ~fep kdo u{e ~fe cd~e{~
{mi~qdxe# ~fe {el`odx mo {~d~`{~`kdc don nd~d dodcp{`{ le~fmn# ~fe {el`odx xecd~en ~m
~fe hd{`k{ mi ekmoml`k{ e~k/ D{ @ fdye dxxdoaen ~fe lee~`oa mi ~fe Hmdxn mi
Amyexomx{# mo ~fe yexp {dle ndp ~fexe qd{ do `oduauxdc kexelmop mi ~fe L[FEL
zxmaxdl/ @ {dq `~{ dxxdoaeleo~{ d{ qecc don cedxoen ~fxmuaf mh{exyd~`mo{ dhmu~ `~/
Fmq ~m qx`~e ~fe l`ou~e{ mi ~fe lee~`oa
@ am~ ~m cedxo ~fd~ fmq ~fe l`ou~e{ mi ~fe lee~`oa dxe ldne/ @~ qd{ ~duaf~ ~m u{ `o
n`iiexeo~ kmux{e{ `o HHD hu~ @ am~ d kcedxex uonex{~don`oa mi fmq ~fe qmxg `{ nmoe
zxdk~`kdccp/ ^fd~ qd{ hd{`kdccp d ~femxe~`kdc cedxo`oa don @ {dq fmq `~ fdzzeo{
zxdk~`kdccp/ Nux`oa ~fe kmux{e mi lp `o~exo{f`z @ fdn ~m qx`~e ~fxee l`ou~e{ mi n`iiexeo~
lee~`oa don ~f`{ `{ moe mi ~fe gomqcenae ~fd~ q`cc fecz le ~fxmuafmu~ lp zxmie{{`modc
c`ie/
Ldg`oa he{~ u{e mi {kdxke xe{muxke{
^f`{ qd{ d yexp `lzmx~do~ cedxo`oa imx le `o ~fe i`x{~ qeeg mi lp `o~exo{f`z/ Imx ~fe 4{~
~`le `o `~{ f`{~mxp F[D qd{ {fmx~ mi iuon{/ [m F[D nek`nen ~m dnmz~ {mle ekmomlp
led{uxe{ ~m u{e ~fe{e iuon{ `o ~fe he{~ zm{{`hce qdp/ @o ~fe hea`oo`oa @ ~fmuaf~ ~fd~
~f`{ kdo~ fecz hu~ @ qd{ dldren ~m {ee fmq F[D kdle mu~ mi ~f`{ zxmhcel/ ^f`{ adye
KML[D^[ @o{~`~u~e mi @oimxld~`mo don ^ekfomcmap# Cdfmxe
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8/8/2019 Internship Report Warda Khawar
58/72
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le cedxo`oa ~fd~ ~fe iuon{ lu{~ he u{en `o ~fe he{~ zm{{`hce qdp don ~f`{ kdo fecz
pmux mxado`rd~`mo ~m kmle mu~ mi dop g`on mi kx`{`{/ mo ~fe m~fex {`ne @ dc{m {dq d
oead~`ye {`ne mi `~# ~fd~ qd{ ~fe cm{{ mi qmxgex{ zxmnuk~`y`~p hekdu{e mi ~fe nuxd~`mo{ mi
~fe cmdn {fenn`oa ldop mi ~fel u{en ~m {`~ `nce d{ ~fe dcc mi ~fe aeoexd~mx{ qexe om~ `o
u{e hekdu{e mi ~fe{e ekmomlp led{uxe{/ [m lp cedxo`oa ixml ~f`{ evzex`eoke qd{
~fd~ ~fe ~f`oa{ {fmucn om~ he ~dgeo ~m ev~xele{/ Xd~fex ~fe {kdxke xe{muxke{ {fmucn
he u{en `o ~fe he{~ zm{{`hce qdp q`~fmu~ dop qd{~dae/
^`le ldodaeleo~2
^f`{ `{ ~fe cedxo`oa @ fdn ixml qmxg`oa q`~f ~fe zxmbek~ ldodaex qfm `{ ~fe U[D@N
elzcmpee don qfm fdn ~m {uhl`~ ~fe ~`le {fee~ d~ ~fe i`ven nd~e mi ~fe lmo~f/ @ fdye
leo~`moen dhmu~ `~ `o ~fe qeegcp xezmx~{ don `o ~f`{ xezmx~ fexe d{ qecc/ Lp hd{`k
cedxo`oa fexe qd{ ~fe gep ~m ~`le ldodaeleo~ `{ om~ {zeon`oa ~`le xd~fex `oye{~`oa `~
don ~fd~ eyexp moe qmxg`oa `o ~fe mxado`rd~`mo {fmucn he dhce ~m ldodae f`{ ~`le qecc
don dccmkd~e ~fe ~`le ~m n`iiexeo~ dk~`y`~`e{ dkkmxn`oa ~m ~fe`x zxeiexeoke don
xetu`xeleo~/ ^f`{ zxdk~`ke d{{uxe{ ~fe zxmnuk~`y`~p don ~fe eii`k`eokp mi do elzcmpee/
Zcu{ ~f`{ cedxo`oa kdo dc{m he u{en `o mux ndp ~m ndp c`ie d{ qecc/
^edl {z`x`~
Omhmnp `o ~fe mxado`rd~`mo kdo qmxg dcmoe/ Imx {mle mi ~fe ~d{g{ @ fdn ~m qmxg q`~f
Lx/ Dx{fdn# Lx/ [db`n don Lx/ Xm{fdo Guldx don @ qd{ `lzxe{{en hp ~fe ev~eo~ ~m
qf`kf ~fep u{en ~m fecz edkf m~fex ~fe`x ~edl {z`x`~ ldne le ~m nm ~fe {dle don @
{~dx~en kmmzexd~`oa q`~f ~fel don d{g`oa imx d{{`{~doke/ ^fe hd{`k ~edl hu`cn`oa {z`x`~
fexe d~ F[D qd{ ~fd~ eyexp elzcmpee xe{zek~en ~fe m~fex elzcmpee{ xec`a`mo# kuc~uxe#
don ydcue{ don ~f`{ ~f`oa dnnen mo ~m ~fe {z`x`~ mi ~edl hu`cn`oa fexe/ @ dc{m cedxoen ~m
xe{zek~ edkf m~fex{ xec`a`mo don ne{`aod~`mo{ don @ cedxoen ~m dnnxe{{ eyexp
elzcmpee uo`tuecp don