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Issue Date:
Revision:
Internet Resource Management
IRM, Network Security & IRT Workshop
29-31 May 2017
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Agenda
• Introduction to APNIC• Policy Development Process• Internet Registry Policies
• Requesting IP Addresses• APNIC Whois Database • Using MyAPNIC
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• Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre
• One of five Regional Internet Registry (RIRs) charged with ensuring the fair distribution and responsible management of IP addresses and related resources
• A membership-based, not-for-profit organization
• Industry self-regulatory body– Open– Consensus-based– Transparent
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Where is the APNIC Region?
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Resource distribution- IP addresses- AS numbers
Registration services- reverse DNS- Internet routing
registry- resource certification- whois registry
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What does APNIC do?APNIC servicesMembers
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Policy development
Capacity building- training- workshops- conferences- fellowships- grants
Infrastructure- root servers- IXPs- engineering
assistance
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What does APNIC do?APNIC supportsthe Asia Pacific region
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Original research
Data collection and measurements
Publications
Local/regional/global events
Government outreach
Intergovernmental & technical organizations collaboration
Internet security
What does APNIC do?APNIC collaborateswith the Internetcommunity
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APNIC in the Internet Ecosystem
8
Industryassociations
NGOs
Nameregistries
Access
Standardsbodies
Governments/Regulators
At-largecommunities
INTERNETUSERS
Applications
ContentENABLERS
PROVIDERSOperator
groups
Numberregistries
APNIC is one of five RIRs
ASIA PACIFIC REGION
Support
APNIC MEM
BERS
INTE
RNET
COM
MUNITY
Service
Colla
bora
tio
n
Resource distribution- IP addresses- AS numbers
Registration services- reverse DNS- Internet routing
registry- resource certification- whois registry Policy development
Capacity building- training- workshops- conferences- fellowships- grants
Infrastructure- root servers- IXPs- engineering
assistance
Original research
Data collection and measurements
Publications
Local/regional/global events
Government outreach
Intergovernmental & technical organizations collaboration
Internet security
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Internet Registry Structure
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APNIC – Vision
A global, open, stable, and secure Internet that serves the entire Asia Pacific community.
How we achieve this:• Serving Members
• Supporting the Asia Pacific Region• Collaborating with the Internet Community
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APNIC – Mission
• Function as the Regional Internet Registry for the Asia Pacific, in the service of the community of Members and others
• Provide Internet registry services to the highest possible standards of trust, neutrality, and accuracy
• Provide information, training, and supporting services to assist the community in building and managing the Internet
• Support critical Internet infrastructure to assist in creating and maintaining a robust Internet environment
• Provide leadership and advocacy in support of its vision and the community
• Facilitate regional Internet development as needed throughout the APNIC community
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APNIC from a Global Perspective
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APNIC in the Asia Pacific
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ISOC chapters
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Global Policy Coordination
The NRO is a coordinating body for the five regional Internet registries (RIRs)
www.nro.net
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Global Policy Coordination
The purpose of the Address Supporting Organization (ASO) is to review and develop recommendations on Internet Protocol (IP) address policy
and to advise the ICANN Board.
ASOICANN Address Supporting Organization
https://aso.icann.org/
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Where do IP Addresses come from?
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Standards
Allocation
Allocation
Assignment
End user
RIRs
LIR/ISP
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Agenda
• Introduction to APNIC
• Policy Development Process• Internet Registry Policies• Requesting IP Addresses
• Whois Database • Using MyAPNIC
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Policy Development
• Creating a policy environment that supports the region’s Internet development
• Developed by the membership and broader Internet community
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You are part of the APNIC community!
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APNIC Internet Community
Global Internet Community
Open forum in the Asia Pacific
APNICMembers
A voice in regional Internet operations through participation in APNIC
IETF Individuals
NationalNOG
RegionalNOGAPAN
ISOC
ISPAssociations
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Policy Development Process
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All decisions & policies documented & freely available to anyone
Internet community proposes and approves policy
Open
TransparentBottom up
Anyone can participate
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Bef
ore
meeting
Authorproposes policyor amendment
Communitydiscusses
proposal on SIG mailing list
Policy Development ProcessBefore the meeting
• Submit proposed policy to the APNIC Secretariat
• SIG Chair posts the proposal to mailing list
• Community discusses proposal
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Policy Development Process
B
efore
meeting
Authorproposes policyor amendment
Communitydiscusses
proposal on SIG mailing list
Befo
re
meeting
Authorproposes policyor amendment
Communitydiscusses
proposal on SIG mailing list
During meeting
Communitydiscusses proposalface to face in SIG
SIG Chairgauges consensus
During the meeting
• Proposed policies are presented at the Open Policy Meeting (OPM)
• Community comments on the proposal
• If it reaches consensus, SIG Chair reports the decision at the APNIC Member Meeting (AMM)
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Policy Development ProcessAfter the meeting
• Within a week, proposal is sent back to mailing list
• A comment period between 4-8 weeks is given
• If it reaches consensus, SIG Chair asks the Executive Council (EC) to endorse the proposal
• APNIC EC endorses proposal
• APNIC Secretariat implements the policy (minimum of 3 months)
During meeting
Bef
ore
meeting
Authorproposes policyor amendment
Communitydiscusses
proposal on SIG mailing list Community
discusses proposalface to face in SIG
During meetingBe
fore
meeting
Authorproposes policyor amendment
Communitydiscusses
proposal on SIGmailing list Community
discusses proposalface to face in SIG
After meeting
SIG Chairgauges consensus
Communityhas chance to raiseany final objections
during final call
SIG Chairconfirms
consensus
Executive Council(EC) endorses
policy
Secretariatimplements
policy
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Policy Discussions
• Comment– Participants are encouraged to comment on the proposal
• Discuss– The Chair encourages discussion about the pros and cons of the
proposal
• Show of hands – to broadly measure opinion – not a vote
• Consensus – declared if there are no objections
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How to Participate
• Read the policy proposals currently under discussion• Check out discussions on the Policy SIG mailing list
• Join the discussion at APNIC conferences– webcast (live streaming)– live transcripts– comment on Jabber chat
• Provide your feedback– Training or community outreach events
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Agenda
• Introduction to APNIC• Policy Development Process
• Internet Registry Policies• Requesting IP Addresses• Whois Database • Using MyAPNIC
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How IP Addresses are Delegated
29
Member (LIR)
LIR customer
Regi
stry
Rea
lm
Ope
rato
rs R
ealm
Customer / End User
delegates to customers
delegates to APNIC member
Member Allocation
/26 /27 /25
Customer Assignments
Sub Allocation
/26 /27
APNIC Allocation
/8
/24
APNIC
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Customer Assignments
ISPAllocation
Customer Assignments
ISP
Portable and Non-Portable
• Portable Address– Provider-Independent (PI)– Assigned by RIR to end-user– Keep addresses when changing
ISP– Increases the routing table size
• Non-portable Address– Provider-aggregatable (PA)– End-user gets address space from
LIR– Must renumber if changing
upstream provider– Can be aggregated for improved
routing efficiency
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IPv6 Address Management Hierarchy
31
Describes “portability” of the address space
/12 APNIC Allocation
Portable
Portable
/48 Assignment /48 - /64 Assignment
APNIC Allocation
/48 - /64Assignment
Non-Portable Non-Portable
/40
/32 Member Allocation
Non-Portable
/12
Sub-allocation
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Aggregation and Portability
32
Aggregation No Aggregation
(non-portable assignments)
(4 routes) (21 routes)
(portable assignments)
INTERNET INTERNET
ISP A ISP B ISP B
ISP C ISP D
ISP A
ISP C ISP D
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IRM Objectives
33
- Efficient use of resources- Based on demonstrated need
Conservation
- Limit routing table growth- Support provider-based routing
Aggregation
- Ensure uniqueness- Facilitate trouble shooting
Registration
Uniqueness, fairness and consistency
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Growth of the Global Routing Table
http://www.cidr-report.org/as2.0/
609615 prefixesAs of 17 May 2016
2009: The GFC hits the Internet
2011: Address Exhaustion
2005: Broadband to the Masses
2001: The Great Internet Boom and Bust1994: Introduction of CIDR
Projected growth of
routing table before CIDR CIDR
deployment
Dot-Com boom
Sustainablegrowth
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APNIC Policy Environment
• Internet resources are delegated on a license basis– Limited duration (usually one year)– Renewable on the following conditions
• Original basis of delegation remains valid• Address space is properly registered at the time of renewal
• Security and confidentiality– APNIC to maintain systems and practices that protect the
confidentiality of Members’ information and their customers
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https://www.apnic.net/policy/policy-environment
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Allocation Policies
• Aggregation of allocation– Provider responsible for aggregation– Customer assignments / sub-allocations must be non-portable
• Allocations based on demonstrated need– Detailed documentation required
• All address space held are to be declared
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IPv4 Allocation Policies
• APNIC IPv4 allocation size per account holder– Minimum /24– Maximum /21/22 from final /8 block/22 from the recovered block
• According to current allocation from the final /8 block
• Based on demonstrated need
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Member allocation
Non-portableassignment
Non-portableassignment
/8
/22
APNIC
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IPv4 Sub-allocation
• No max or min size– Max 1 year requirement
• Assignment Window & 2nd Opinion – applies to both sub-allocation & assignments– Sub-allocation holders don’t need to send in 2nd opinions
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APNIC MemberAllocation
Sub-allocation
Customer Assignments Customer Assignments
/24
/27 /26
/22
/25 /26 /27
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What is an Assignment Window?
“The amount of address space a member may assign without a ‘second opinion’”
• All members have an Assignment Window– Starts at zero, increases as member gains experience in address
management
• Second opinion process– Customer assignments require a ‘second-opinion’ when proposed
assignment size is larger than member’s current Assignment Window
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Assignment Window
• Size of Assignment Window– Evaluated after about three 2nd-opinion requests– Increased as member gains experience and demonstrates
understanding of policies• Assignment Window may be reduced, in rare cases
• Why an Assignment Window?– Monitoring ongoing progress and adherence to policies– Mechanism for member education
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IPv6 / IPv4, Assignment / Sub-allocation
Network name, description, country
Planned IP usage
Customer’s existing network Customer assignments to end-sites
Sub-allocation infrastructure
Additional information
Confirm details
Contact details, password
IPs held by customer IPs held by customer & customer’s customers
IPv4 Sub-allocations IPv4/IPv6 Assignments
Any additional info that may aid the evaluation
Check your details
Applicant information
Type of request
Network name
Future network plan
2nd OpinionRequest
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2nd Opinion Request ApprovalDear XXXXXXX,
APNIC has approved your "second opinion" request to make the following assignment:
[netname]
[address/prefix]
* Please ensure that you update the APNIC whois database to register this assignment before informing your customer or requesting reverse DNS delegation. Do this using the form at:
http://www.apnic.net/apnic-bin/inetnum.pl
Important:
Unregistered assignments are considered as "unused"
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IPv6 Allocation Policies
• Initial allocation criteria– Minimum of /32 IPv6 block– Larger than /32 may be justified
• For APNIC members with existing IPv4 space– One-click Policy (through MyAPNIC)
• Without existing IPv4 space– Must meet initial allocation criteria
• Subsequent allocation– Based on HD ratio (0.94)– Doubles the allocated address space
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IPv6 Utilisation (HD = 0.94)IPv6 Prefix
Site Address Bits
Total site address in /56
Threshold (HD = 0.94)
Utilisation %
/42 14 16,384 9,153 55.9%
/36 20 1,048,576 456,419 43.5%
/35 21 2,097,152 875,653 41.8 %
/32 24 16,777,216 6,185,533 36.9%
/29 27 134,217,728 43,665,787 32.5 %
/24 32 4,294,967,296 1,134,964,479 26.4 %
/16 40 1,099,511,627,776 208,318,498,661 18.9 %
RFC 3194 “In a hierarchical address plan, as the size of the allocation increases, the density of assignments will decrease.”
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IPv6 Sub-allocation
All /48 assignments to end sites must be registeredLIR must submit a second opinion request for assignments greater than /48
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APNIC MemberAllocation
Sub-allocation
Customer Assignments Customer Assignments
/40
/64 /48
/32
/64 /56 /48
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IPv6 Assignment Policies
• Assignment address space size– Minimum of /64 (only 1 subnet)– Normal maximum of /48
• Assignment of multiple /48s to a single end site– Documentation must be provided– Will be reviewed at the RIR/NIR level
• Assignment to operator’s infrastructure– /48 per Point-of-Presence of an IPv6 service operator
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Portable Assignments
• Small multi-homing assignment– For (small) organisations who require a portable assignment for
multi-homing purposes
• Criteria– Currently multi-homed, or demonstrate a plan to multi-home within 1
month– Demonstrate need to use 25% of requested space immediately, and
50% within 1 year
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IXP Assignments
• L1 or L2 network structure that interconnects 3 or more autonomous systems (AS) for internet traffic exchange
• Eligible to receive a delegation to be used exclusively to connect IXP participants devices to the Exchange Point
• Criteria:– 3 or more peers– Demonstrate “open peering policy”
• Assignment size– IPv4: /24– IPv6: /48 minimum
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Portable Critical Infrastructure
• What is Critical Internet Infrastructure?– Domain registry infrastructure
• Root DNS operators, gTLD operators, ccTLD operators– Address Registry Infrastructure
• RIRs & NIRs, IANA
• Why a specific policy? – To protect the stability of core Internet functions
• Assignment size– IPv4: /24 – IPv6: /32 (Maximum)
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Sub-delegation Guidelines
• Sub-allocate cautiously– Seek APNIC advice if in doubt– If customer requirements meet the minimum allocation criteria,
customers can approach APNIC for portable allocation
• Efficient assignments– ISPs responsible for overall utilisation
• Database registration (WHOIS database)– Sub-allocations & assignments to be registered in the database
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IPv4 Transfer Policies
• Between APNIC members– Minimum transfer size of /24– Source entity must be the currently registered holder of the IPv4
resources– Recipient entity will be subject to current APNIC policies
• Inter-RIR IPv4 Transfers– Minimum transfer size of /24– Conditions on the source and recipient RIR will apply
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IPv4 and ASN Transfer
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• Transfer of IPv4 and AS Numbers between– APNIC members (✓)– APNIC and NIR (✓)– APNIC and RIR (✓)
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Transfer of IPv4 and AS Numbers between APNIC Members
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• How to initiate such transfer request?– Source account to initiate transfer and recipient account to accept
transfer via MyAPNIC– Recipient account to justify the needs of the resources that will be
transferred
• Is there any transfer fees involved?– www.apnic.net/fees
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Transfer of IPv4 and AS Numbers between APNIC and NIR
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• Transfer from NIR member to APNIC member or vice versa– Source account to initiate transfer request– IR of source account to contact IR of recipient account
• Who will be evaluating the request?– IR of the recipient account to evaluate transfer request
• How long will the whole process take?– Depends on how long correspondence is between the recipient and
IR
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Transfer of IPv4 and AS Numbers between APNIC and RIR
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• Similar to transfer between NIR and RIR• Transfer from RIR Member to APNIC Member, or vice
versa– Source account to initiate transfer request– IR of the recipient account to evaluate transfer request
www.apnic.net/transfer
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Historical Resources
• Internet resources registered under early registry policies without formal agreements
• It includes:– Registrations transferred to APNIC as part of the AUNIC to APNIC
migration– Registrations transferred as part of the Early Registration Transfer
(ERX) project– Historical APNIC resources
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https://www.apnic.net/policy/historical-resource-policies
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Historical Resource Transfer
• Bring historical resource registrations into the current policy framework – Allow transfers of historical resources to APNIC members – The recipient of the transfer must be an APNIC member– No technical review or approval – Historical resource holder must be verified – Resources will then be considered as "current"
• Address space subject to current policy framework
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Agenda
• Introduction to APNIC• Policy Development Process
• Internet Registry Policies
• Requesting IP Addresses• Whois Database • Using MyAPNIC
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How do I get addresses?
• Decide what kind of number resources you need– IPv4? IPv6? Both?
• Check your eligibility– On the website www.apnic.net– Contact the helpdesk [email protected]
• Become familiar with the policies– www.apnic.net/policy
• Apply for membership and resources
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IPv4 Address Space
NRO Q1 2016
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Available IPv4 /8s in Each RIR
NRO Q1 2016
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How do I get addresses?
• Decide what kind of number resources you need– IPv4? IPv6? Both?
• Check your eligibility– On the website www.apnic.net– Contact the helpdesk [email protected]
• Become familiar with the policies– www.apnic.net/policy
• Apply for membership and resources
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Check for Eligibility – IPv4
• Initial LIR delegation:– Have used a /24 from their upstream provider or demonstrate an
immediate need for a /24– Have complied with applicable policies in managing all address
space previously delegated to it (including historical delegations)– Demonstrate a detailed plan for use of a /23 within a year
• Small multihoming delegation:– Currently multihomed with provider-based addresses, or
demonstrates a plan to multihome within one month– Demonstrate that they are able to use 25% of the requested
addresses immediately and 50% within one year
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Check for Eligibility – IPv4
• Internet Exchange Points:– Eligible to receive a delegation from APNIC to be used exclusively to
connect the IXP participant devices to the Exchange Point
• Critical Infrastructure:– If operating in the Asia Pacific region, are eligible to receive a
delegation– Available only to the actual operators of the network infrastructure
performing such functions
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Check for Eligibility – IPv6
• APNIC members with IPv4 but no IPv6 automatically qualify for an appropriately sized block of IPv6 addresses– Members with an IPv4 allocation are eligible for a /32 IPv6– Members with an IPv4 assignment are eligible for a /48 IPv6
• Minimum initial allocation– Must be an LIR– Not be an end site– Plan to announce IPv6 within two years– Must meet one of these:
• Plan to make at least 200 assignments to other organizations within two years• Be an existing LIR with IPv4 allocations from an APNIC or an NIR, which will make
IPv6 assignments or sub-allocations within two years
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How do I get addresses?
• Decide what kind of number resources you need– IPv4? IPv6? Both?
• Check your eligibility– On the website www.apnic.net– Contact the helpdesk [email protected]
• Become familiar with the policies– www.apnic.net/policy
• Apply for membership and resources
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How do I get addresses?
• Decide what kind of number resources you need– IPv4, IPv6
• Check your eligibility– On the website www.apnic.net– Contact the helpdesk [email protected]
• Become familiar with the policies– www.apnic.net/policy
• Apply for membership and resources
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Initial IP Address Request
• You are required to be an APNIC member in order to initiate your IP address request.
• However, you can apply for membership and request an initial address allocation at the same time.
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http://www.apnic.net/apply
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Application Process
• Application– Have your information handy and complete the application form
• Evaluation– Info provided will be evaluated. APNIC will contact you if additional
info is required
• Payment – Once application is approved, member receives an invoice
• Completion– APNIC activates the membership and delegate the resource
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https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/application-process
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New Member Application Form
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Provide info about you andyour organisation
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Select IPv4 or IPv6 and theblock size. Make sure youmeet the criteria.
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Provide the type of ASNrequest, and details of twopeering networks
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Initial Delegation
• APNIC IPv4 delegation size per account holder– Minimum of /24– Maximum of /21
/22 from the final /8 block/22 from the recovered block
• Initial IPv6 delegation criteria– Allocation
• Minimum of /32 IPv6 block• Larger than /32 may be justified
– Assignment• /48
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Request for additionalresources can be donethrough MyAPNIC
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Agenda
• Introduction to APNIC• Policy Development Process
• Internet Registry Policies• Requesting IP Addresses
• Whois Database • Using MyAPNIC
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What is the APNIC Database?
• Public network management database– Operated by Internet Registries– APNIC maintains the database of resources for the AP region
• Tracks network resources– IP addresses, ASNs, Reverse DNS delegations, Routing policies
• Records administrative information– Contact information (person/role) of relevant resource holders– Authorization for updating these info– Network abuse handling (IRT)
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Resource Registration
As part of the membership agreement with APNIC, all members are required to register their resources
in the APNIC database.
• Members must keep records up to dateü When ever there is a change in contactsü When new resources are receivedü When resources are sub-allocated or assigned
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Whois Object TypesOBJECT PURPOSEperson Technical or administrative contacts responsible for an
objectrole Technical or administrative contacts represented by a role,
performed by one or more peopleinetnum Allocation or assignment of IPv4 address spaceinet6num Allocation or assignment of IPv6 address spaceaut-num Registered holder of an AS number and corresponding
routing policydomain in-addr.arpa (IPv4) or ip6.arpa (IPv6) reverse DNS
delegationsroute / route6 Single IPv4/IPv6 route injected into the Internet routing
meshmntner Authorized agent to make changes to an objectirt Dedicated abuse handling team
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Objects for New Members
• If you are receiving your first allocation or assignment, APNIC will create the following objects for you:– role object– inetnum / inet6num object – aut-num object – maintainer object – irt object
• Information is taken from your application for resources and membership
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http://www.apnic.net/whois
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What if Whois information is invalid?
• Members are responsible for reporting changes to APNIC under the formal membership agreement
• Report invalid contact details to APNIC– http://www.apnic.net/invalidcontact– APNIC will contact the member responsible to update the registration
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What if Whois information is invalid?
• Customer assignment information is the responsibility of the LIR– LIR must update their customer network registrations
• Tools such as traceroute, looking glass and RIS may be used to track the upstream provider if needed
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Using the Whois – Step by Step
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inetnum:
Allocation (Created by APNIC)
3
Customer Assignments (Created by Member)
person: nic-hdl:
KX17-AP
Contact info
Data Protection
1
2
inetnum: ... KX17-AP ... mnt-by: ...
4 inetnum: ...
...
...
5 inetnum: ... KX17-AP ...
...
6
mntner: mnt-by: mnt-by:
KX17-AP
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Inetnum / Inet6num Objects
• Contains IP delegation information
• APNIC creates an inetnum or inet6num object for each delegation they make to the Member
• All members must create inetnum or inet6num objects for each sub-allocation or assignment they make to customers
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Inet6num Objectinet6num: 2406:6400:FFFF::/48netname: ABCINTERNET-IPv6descr: IPv6 address block for ABC INTERNETcountry: SGadmin-c: AINT1-APtech-c: AINT1-APmnt-by: MAINT-SG-ABCINTERNETmnt-lower: MAINT-SG-ABCINTERNETmnt-routes: MAINT-SG-ABCINTERNETmnt-irt: IRT-ABCINTERNET-SGstatus: ALLOCATED NON-PORTABLEchanged: [email protected] 20160503source: APNIC
Role and maintainer object reference
Status shows the type of delegation
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Person Object
• Represents a contact person for an organization– Every Member must have at least one contact person registered – Large organizations often have several contacts for different
purposes
• Referenced in other objects
• Has a nic-hdl – a unique identifier for a person or role object
Format: [A-Z][0-9]-AP
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Person Objectperson: Nelly Tanaddress: 1000 Jalan Bukit Merahcountry: SGphone: +65 6400 7333fax-no: +65 6400 7334e-mail: [email protected]: NT324-APmnt-by: MAINT-SG-ABCINTERNETchanged: [email protected] 20160503source: APNIC
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Role Object
• Contains details of technical or administrative contacts as represented by a role performed by one or more people within an organization
• Also has a nic-hdl
• Preferred over person object as reference in other objects– Eases administration
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Role Objectrole: ABC Internet Network Teamaddress: 1000 Jalan Bukit Merahcountry: SGphone: +65 6400 7333fax-no: +65 6400 7334e-mail: [email protected]: AB731-APtech-c: NT324-APnic-hdl: AINT1-APmnt-by: MAINT-SG-ABCINTERNETchanged: [email protected] 20160503source: APNIC
Points to a person object
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Replacing Contacts – Person Object
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KX17-AP is the original contact Referenced by three (or more) objects
BW101-AP is replacing him Update all three (or more) objects with new contact one by one
Delete old contact KX17-AP
Customer Assignments (Created by Member)
person: nic-hdl:
KX17-AP
Contact info
1 person: nic-hdl:
BW101-AP
Contact info
2
inetnum: ... KX17-AP ... mnt-by: ...
4 inetnum: ...
...
...
5 inetnum: ... KX17-AP ...
...
6
mnt-by: mnt-by:
KX17-AP
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Replacing Contacts – Person Object
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KX17-AP is the original contact Referenced by three (or more) objects
BW101-AP is replacing him Update all three (or more) objects with new contact one by one
Delete old contact KX17-AP
Customer Assignments (Created by Member)
person: nic-hdl:
KX17-AP
Contact info
1 person: nic-hdl:
BW101-AP
Contact info
2
inetnum: ... BW101-AP ... mnt-by: ...
4 inetnum: ...
...
...
5 inetnum: ... BW101-AP ...
...
6
mnt-by: mnt-by:
BW101-AP
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Replacing Contacts – Role Object
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role: nic-hdl: AT480-AP ... tech-c:
No change in inetnum objects Customer Assignments (Created by Member)
person: nic-hdl: KX17-AP
Contact info
1 person: nic-hdl: BW101-AP
Contact info
2
KX17-APContact info
3
inetnum: ... AT480-AP ... mnt-by: ...
inetnum: ...
...
...
inetnum: ... AT480-AP...
... mnt-by: mnt-by:
AT480-AP
Replace old contact with new contact in Role object
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Replacing Contacts – Role Object
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role: nic-hdl: AT480-AP ... tech-c:
No change in inetnum objects Customer Assignments (Created by Member)
person: nic-hdl: KX17-AP
Contact info
1 person: nic-hdl: BW101-AP
Contact info
2
BW101-APContact info
3
inetnum: ... AT480-AP ... mnt-by: ...
inetnum: ...
...
...
inetnum: ... AT480-AP...
... mnt-by: mnt-by:
AT480-AP
Replace old contact with new contact in Role object
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Whois Database Query
Flags Meaning
-l / -L less specific
-m / -M More specific
-x Exact match
-d Associated reverse domain
-I Inverse attributes
-T Object types
-r Turn off recursive lookup
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Whois Database Query - inetnum
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inetnum: 202.64.0.0 – 202.64.15.255
202.64.0.0/20
inetnum: 202.0.0.0 – 202.255.255.255
202.0.0.0/8
202.64.12.128/25
inetnum:
whois–L 202.64.0.0 /20
whois 202.64.0.0 /20
whois–m 202.64.0.0 /20 inetnum: 202.64.15.192/26
inetnum: 202.64.10.0/24
More specific (= smaller blocks)
Less specific (= bigger block)
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Recursive Lookups
personinetnum route
inetnum route person
personinetnum
inetnum
recursion enabled by default
recursion turned off
‘type’ of object specified
‘type’ of object specified & recursion turned off
, &
&
&
whois 202.12.29.0
whois -r 202.12.29.0
whois -T inetnum 202.12.29.0
whois -r -T inetnum 202.12.29.0
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Inverse Queries
• Inverse queries are performed on inverse keys See object template (whois –t)
• Returns all public objects that reference the object with the key specified as a query argument
Practical when searching for objects in which a particular value is referenced, such as your nic-hdl
Syntax: whois -i <attribute> <value>
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Customer Privacy
• Public data– Includes portable and non-portable addresses (inetnum)
and other objects (route, domain, etc)– must be visible
• Private data– Includes non-portable addresses (inetnum objects)– Members have the option to make private data visible
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What needs to be visible?
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IANA range
Non-APNIC range APNIC range
NIR range APNIC allocations & assignments
NIR allocations & assignments
Customer assignments Infrastructure Sub-allocations
must be visible
visibility optional
LIR/ISP
PORTABLE addresses
NON-PORTABLE addresses
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What is a Maintainer?
• Protects objects in the Whois Database• Applied to any object created directly below that maintainer
object• Why do we need Maintainer?
– Prevent unauthorized person from changing the details in the Whois– As parts of a block are sub-allocated or assigned, another layer of
maintainers is often created to allow the new users to protect their (sub)set of addresses
• Authentication options– CRYPT-PW, MD5, PGPKEY
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Maintainer Objectmntner: MAINT-SG-ABCINTERNETdescr: Maintainer for ABC Internetcountry: SGadmin-c: AINT1-APtech-c: AINT1-APupd-to: [email protected]: MD5-PW $1$xkFQUL4L$R4etv2LaVO2qGHR3c1ev7/mnt-by: MAINT-SG-ABCINTERNETreferral-by: APNIC-HMchanged: [email protected] 20160503source: APNIC
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mnt-by and mnt-lower Attributes
• mnt-by– Used to protect any object– Changes to protected object must satisfy authentication rules of
mntner object
• mnt-lower– Used for sub-assignment creation (customer assignment)
• mnt-routes– Used for the creation of route or route6 objects – inetnum, inet6num and aut-num must have the same mnt-route
maintainer
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Maintainer Hierarchy Diagram
Allocated to APNIC: mnt-by can only be changed by IANA
Allocated to Member: mnt-by can only be changed by APNIC
Sub-allocated to Customer: mnt-by can only be changed by Member
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Member Allocation
/26
APNIC Allocation
Member Allocation
Sub -allocation
Assignment/25
Assignment
/8 (IPv4)
/22
/23
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Authentication / Authorizationnetnum: 61.45.249.0 - 61.45.249.255netname: ABCINTERNET-IPv4-CustomerBdescr: IPv4 address block for Customer Bcountry: SGadmin-c: AINT1-APtech-c: AINT1-APstatus: ASSIGNED NON-PORTABLEmnt-by: MAINT-SG-ABCINTERNETmnt-lower: MAINT-SG-ABCINTERNETmnt-routes: MAINT-SG-ABCINTERNETmnt-irt: IRT-ABCINTERNET-SGchanged: [email protected] 20160503source: APNIC
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Whois IRT Contact
• Incident Response Team (IRT)– Dedicated abuse handling teams (not netops)
• IRT objects are mandatory when creating inetnum, inet6num and aut-num objects
• Provide an abuse contact email– Dedicated team to resolve incidents– Efficient and accurate response– Stops the tech-c and admin-c from getting abuse reports
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IRT Object
irt: IRT-ABCINTERNET-SGaddress: 1000 Jalan Bukit Merah
address: SG
e-mail: [email protected]
abuse-mailbox: [email protected]
admin-c: AINT1-AP
tech-c: AINT1-AP
auth: MD5-PW
$1$xkFQUL4L$R4etv2LaVO2qGHR3c1ev7/
mnt-by: MAINT-SG-ABCINTERNET
changed: [email protected] 20160503
source: APNIC
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Whois Database Geolocation
• A latitude/longitude coordinate indicating where users of this network are located
• Provides a hint to content and geolocation service providers
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www.apnic.net/geolocation
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Whois Object with Geolocationinetnum: 61.45.248.0 - 61.45.248.255netname: ABCINTERNET-IPv4-CustomerAdescr: IPv4 address block for Customer Acountry: SGadmin-c: AINT1-APtech-c: AINT1-APgeoloc: 1.250198 103.828467status: ASSIGNED NON-PORTABLEmnt-by: MAINT-SG-ABCINTERNETmnt-lower: MAINT-SG-ABCINTERNETmnt-routes: MAINT-SG-ABCINTERNETmnt-irt: IRT-ABCINTERNET-SGchanged: [email protected] 20160503source: APNIC
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Agenda
• Introduction to APNIC• Policy Development Process
• Internet Registry Policies• Requesting IP Addresses
• Whois Database
• Using MyAPNIC
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What is MyAPNIC?
• A secure website that enables Members to manage Internet resources and account interactions with APNIC online
https://myapnic.net
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How it Works
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Firewall
Finance system
Membership & resource
system
Whois master
Member’s staff
APNICPublic
Servers
Client
MyAPNIC server
Member ID Person
Authority
https://myapnic.net
APNIC internal system APNIC public servers
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Access to MyAPNIC
• Available to all authorized contacts of APNIC accounts by registering your email address and password
• Corporate Contacts can register and get instant access• Non-Corporate Contacts need their registration approved
by their Corporate Contact through MyAPNIC– Requestor must send the authorization code to the Corporate
Contact
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www.apnic.net/corporate-contacts
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MyAPNIC Registration
https://myapnic.net/register
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• Go to www.myapnic.net
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MyAPNIC Registration
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Registration – Corporate Contact
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Registration – Other Contacts
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Send this authorisation code to your Corporate Contact
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Registration – Other Contacts
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Use the authorisation code to approve access
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Registration – Other Contacts
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Multiple Account Access
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New tab for TOTP
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MyAPNIC Two Factor Authentication
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• Time-based One-Time Passwords (TOTP)
Required for:
• Online voting• Resource certification• Approve other non Corporate Contact certificate requests
• Edit permissions for non Corporate Contacts
For step by step instructions on how to activate TOTP in MyAPNIC, please visit our 2fa page.
www.apnic.net/2fa
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Time-based One-Time Passwords (TOTP)
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Time-based One-Time Passwords (TOTP)
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“Remember Me” is valid for 30 days
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MyAPNIC Digital Certificate
Required for:
• Online voting
• Resource certification
• Approve other contacts’ certificate request
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Request Certificate
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List of all certificates generated for this account. You may also download the current certificate to install on a new browser.
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Administration Features
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Member and Contact details, including Billing history and Referral
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Contact Management
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Resource Management
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Portal to list and update your current Internet resources
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Maintainer Page
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Maintainers associated with Member resource are added automatically and
cannot be deleted
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One-Click IPv6
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Claim your IPv6 address from within MyAPNIC
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One-Click IPv6
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Manage Resources
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Sub-allocation
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Updating Attributes in Parent Object
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Parent object updates
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Highlighted attributes can be changed by user.The greyed out attributes can only be changed by APNIC.
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Requesting Resources
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Displays the amount of delegations already received and available resources you can still request
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Whois Updates
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New “View” tab lets you view objects associated to your account
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Select the Object type to view only these types of objects
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Adding Objects
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Adding objects
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Updating Objects
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Updating objects
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Deleting Objects
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Deleting objects
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Whois Contact Details Update
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Bulk Update
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Bulk Update
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Resource Transfer / Return
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Transfer Resources
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Select multiple IPv4 and ASN blocks you wish to transfer.
Provide the recipient’s account name.
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Receiving Resources
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As recipient of the IP resource, you may choose to accept or reject the transfer.
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Transfer Pre-approval
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Referral Application
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CC to Authorize Application
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Available Utilities
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Tools – IPv6 Sparse Assignment
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Tools – IPv6 Subnet
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Tools – Reverse Domain Verification
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www.facebook.com/APNIC
www.twitter.com/apnic
www.youtube.com/apnicmultimedia
www.flickr.com/apnic
www.weibo.com/APNICrir
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162162
Thank You!END OF SESSION