by Peter Martin
www.db8.nl / @pe7er
Linux Nijmegen
I am Peter Martin from Nijmegen in The Netherlands.
Networking
InternetTCP/IP
OSI
Internet of peopleEmail, WWW
Web 1.0 / v2
Devices
Webservices
Internet of Things (IoT)
Internet of things
My Internet of things
The sandwich
In the next 45 minutes I hope to teach you something about IT. btw: does everybody know what IT means?
IT = Information Technology. And is an integral part of our daily life. Nowadays everybody has at least a couple of computers: a PC, a smart phone, a tablet PC, a car navigation, a modern television.
In this presentation I will start to explain what a Computer is, then I will work my way through different IT subjects and will end this journey with what Joomla is.
My goal of this presentation is not to be 100% accurate. What I hope to accomplish is that in the future youll think about simple daily life concepts when you hear about technical IT terms.
1. Networking
Why Networking?Sharing....
computer power (mainframe)
equipment (printer, storage)
information (documents)
The first and most primitive kind of network is...
Sharing
Computer powerMainframe + Terminals
EquipmentPrinter
Storage
InformationDocuments
Sneakernet
Sneakernet is a sort of network that works by transporting data
on removable media.
Anyone know why it's called Sneakernet?
You have to walk a lot from one computer to the other, so you'd better wear sneaker shoes.
Networking
Instead of removable media, you can use a cable to connect one
computer with the other.
If you connect more then three, then you'll see the problem.
Every computer has to be connected to the other ones, because if
it's not the case and one computer is switched off, the network
stops to function.
Four computers and a printer becomes a huge lot of wires and complexity....
Networking
Instead of removable media, you can use a cable to connect one
computer with the other.
If you connect more then three, then you'll see the problem.
Every computer has to be connected to the other ones, because if
it's not the case and one computer is switched off, the network
stops to function.
Four computers and a printer becomes a huge lot of wires and complexity....
Networking
Instead of removable media, you can use a cable to connect one
computer with the other.
If you connect more then three, then you'll see the problem.
Every computer has to be connected to the other ones, because if
it's not the case and one computer is switched off, the network
stops to function.
Four computers and a printer becomes a huge lot of wires and complexity....
Networking
Instead of removable media, you can use a cable to connect one
computer with the other.
If you connect more then three, then you'll see the problem.
Every computer has to be connected to the other ones, because if
it's not the case and one computer is switched off, the network
stops to function.
Four computers and a printer becomes a huge lot of wires and complexity....
Ethernet
So someone, again at Xerox PARC, developed a new network protocol: Ethernet (1973 1976).
All devices, computers, printers, storage devices are connected to one cable.
Every computer has a network card with unique serial number: MAC address (media access control address). Communication from one computer to another will travel past all computers, but only the device addressed to, actually listens.
That is if you don't have a hacker using Network Sniffer software that catches all data in the network that passes their computer.
Connecting...
Hello everyone!
I am new!Hello new one!
I am 192.168.0.1
and your gateway
to the outside worldFrom now on you
are 192.168.0.42You can look up
IP addresses
of domain names
at DNS
with IP 8.8.8.8Let's use
Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol
(DHCP)Oops...
Internet Protocol
is next item...So what happens if you connect a new computer to the
Ethernet network?
You can see that I am already talking about IP addresses, which
belong to the part about Internet.
The Internet got so popular that it's protocol is also used on
computers in an Ethernet network...
2. Internet
If you read about Internet you read about ARPA net, the basis of what we now know as Internet.
ARPA net was a network between the U.S. Department of Defence for use by its projects at universities and research laboratories in the US.
Definition 1
Internet = Network between connected local networks;
Inter-network
I just talked about Ethernet. If you connect one Ethernet network to some other local area network, then you create a network between networks.
Internet = network between networks, an inter-network
Internet
So if you want to connect two local networks, you can use a long cable. In this case a very long cable.
Expensive
Not reliable because it can break.
So another characteristic of Internet is...
Definition 2
Internet = Packet Switching on TCP/IP
Transmission
ControlProtocolInternetProtocolInternet = Packet Switching on
TCP/IP.
Not really helpful is it?
Let me explain....
Packet Switching
All transmitted data is divided into blocks, packets
Those packets can travel using different routes
The destination merges the packets
On the Internet all data is chopped into tiny blocks which are called packets.
Sharing
So if you want to connect two local networks, you can use a long cable. In this case a very long cable.
Expensive
Not reliable because it can break.
So another characteristic of Internet is...
Internet Protocol
Host addressing and identification
who is who
Packet routing
shortest route?
The Internet Protocol handles the addressing, with IP
addresses,
and the routing.
Every router in the network will sent a packet to the next router
in the network. It will choose a router that is closer to the final
destination.
TCP
Here's a
packetThanks,
I got it!Here's the
next packetPackets travel from router to router to router to router
to router to router to router to destination
Quality Control?
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)!
Packets will travel from source to destination, using different
routes, but how can you be sure that every packet arrives at the
destination?
By TCP, the Quality Control of the Internet.
The destination acknowledges the receipt of every
packet
If the source does not receive an acknowledgement for a packet within certain time, it will send the packet again...
DNS
What's DNS?173.194.65.139
is your friend!Another thing, I just told you that on Internet
every computer works with IP addresses.We humans do not like such
IP addresses. We prefer names...
DNS
Google.com?173.194.65.139 !Dear 173.194.65.139,
please give me index page
OSI
LayerTCP/IP protocolsNo.Name7. Application - DNS / FTP / HTTP / DHCP / SMTP6. Presentation- MIME / SSL / TLS5. Session - Sockets (session establishment in TCP / RTP / PPTP)4. Transport - TCP3. Network - IP
3. Internet of People
Why Networking?Sharing....
computer power (mainframe)
equipment (printer, storage)
information (documents)
The first and most primitive kind of network is...
E-mail = text file
E-mail Header: sender, IP address sender, receiver, return
address, message ID, all mail servers on route, spam flags,
etc.
Peter @ db8.nlPOP3 server (or IMAP) @db8.nl handles e-mail
Stores it in text file for Peter
Or replies with bounce message
In the past when people were working on the same mainframe computer, it was possible to send messages to other people who were online. Someone thought it would be practical to send messages to people who were offline, but store them until they came online again.Hence, email was born.E-mail is a text file with a header. When it passes a router, it will add It's IP + time stamp to the header. You can use the header for debugging in case of errors.E-mail will be handled by the server specified behind the at-sign. It will determine if the account name before the at-sign exists
Send E-mail
From: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Message:
Dear Bill,
Almost 10 years I discovered Linux and now I am not fond of Windows
anymore. If I buy a PC for Linux, I still have to pay license fees
for Windows.
Could you please refund my money?
Kind regards,
Peter
To explain, I've send the following e-mail to Bill Gates. It will travel in tiny packets to the router of my Internet Provider, to a router in Amsterdam, to London, to New York, Chicago, and finally arrive at a server in Seattle. It will merge all packets into one, which is my e-mail with a header that contains the full route...
By the way, the e-mail is not encrypted. Everyone, or every router on the way, is able to read the message. Think about sending a post card, the mail man can read it before they put it in the mailbox. If you don't want that, you've to use an envelope. And with e-mail, encrypt the message...
Receive E-mail
From: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Message:
Dear Peter,
How are you doing?
Sorry to hear that you dont like our Operating System any
more.
Please keep in mind that our next Windows version will be much
better!
Sorry, but we dont have a refund policy.
Yours sincerely,
Bill Gates
PS: I noticed that your website runs on Joomla. Thats
awesome!
BTW: Joomla also works on our products Windows IIS + MSSQL!
Knowing Bill, he will reply within a couple of hours.
But only if he is not playing with his latest gadget, the Apple Watch.
He might reply something like
Bounce Message
Undelivered Mail Returned to Sender
This is the mail system at host mail-out.microsoft.com. I'm sorry
to have to inform you that your message could not be delivered to
one or more recipients. It's attached below.
For further assistance, please send mail to postmaster.
If you do so, please include this problem report. You can delete
your own text from the attached returned message.
The mail system
: host microsoft.com[134.170.188.221] said: 550 "Unknown
User"
Reporting-MTA: dns; mail-out.s1.byte.nl
X-Postfix-Sender: rfc822;
Arrival-Date: Tue, 9 Sep 2014 11:09:20 +0200 (CEST)
Final-Recipient: rfc822; [email protected]
Original-Recipient: rfc822; [email protected]
Action: failed
Status: 5.0.0
Remote-MTA: dns; microsoft.com
Diagnostic-Code: smtp; 550 "Unknown User"
But I am afraid that his reply will be something like. Which means that the email address did not exist. Note that you will only get such a bounce message if the server is configured to send such messages. The can also just add it to a spam box or just remove it automatically.
WWW
WWW
World Wide Web = HyperText Transfer ProtocolWWW Internet !
WWW = A collection of HTML documentsHyperText Markup LanguageText files with information linked to other text files
Surfing
Browsing on the WWW:
YOU ARE
NOT VISITING
A WEBSITE
HTTP(S)
HTTP (port 80) All traffic = plain text
HTTPS (port 443) All traffic via encrypted connectionprotects your data on route
No safeguard for data on unsafe server....
HTML
Text file with markup
Markup defines elements:
pagetitle, paragraph, heading,
hyperlink, image, CSS
Hyperlink = created by browser
Image = just reference, loaded by browser
CSS = layout definition interpreted by browser
When you visit a website, you are not really visiting the website and reading something which is stored on that webserver.
Actually the text file with HTML markup was transferred to your computer, temporarily stored in cache memory, so you are reading it on your own computer
Web v1
Till 2004 Few websites
Mostly static HTML
Purpose: display information
Visitors are consumers
Web v2
> 2004 - Change in the way how Web pages are made and usedHuge increase in dynamic websites
Visitors can also create content
CMS, Blogging, Social Media, Youtube, FaceBook, etc
Devices
Devices
Lies, damned lies, and statistics
Devices
4. Webservices
Server vs service
WebserverMostly brower request
page with HTML markup
via http(s)
WebserviceMostly devices / webservers request
formatted data
via http(s)
{ "results" : [
{ "formatted_address" : "Van Broeckhuysenstraat 46, 6511 PK
Nijmegen, Netherlands", "geometry" : { "location" : { "lat" :
51.8438169, "lng" : 5.865908399999999 }, "location_type" :
"ROOFTOP", "viewport" : { "northeast" : { "lat" : 51.8451658802915,
"lng" : 5.867257380291502 }, "southwest" : { "lat" :
51.8424679197085, "lng" : 5.864559419708497 } } }, "place_id" :
"ChIJWQeYKkUIx0cRc87ZCaPbj0w", "types" : [ "street_address" ] } ],
"status" : "OK"}
Browser:
https://www.google.nl/maps/place/Van+Broeckhuysenstraat+46,+6511+PK+Nijmegen
Webservice:
http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json?sensor=false&address
=Van+Broeckhuysenstraat+46,+6511+PK+Nijmegen
In the next 45 minutes I hope to teach you something about IT. btw: does everybody know what IT means?
IT = Information Technology. And is an integral part of our daily life. Nowadays everybody has at least a couple of computers: a PC, a smart phone, a tablet PC, a car navigation, a modern television.
In this presentation I will start to explain what a Computer is, then I will work my way through different IT subjects and will end this journey with what Joomla is.
My goal of this presentation is not to be 100% accurate. What I hope to accomplish is that in the future youll think about simple daily life concepts when you hear about technical IT terms.
Web services design models
XML RPCXML Remote Procedure Call Protocol
SOAPSimple Object Access Protocol
RESTREpresentational State Transfer
REST
Architectural approach (not a protocol!)
XML or JSON
Via HTTP
CRUD operation: GET, POST, PUT, DELETE
URI design: directory like structure
URI design
URIHTTP
methodAction
/article/GETGet all articles
/article/7GETGet articles with id=7
/article/POSTAdd new article
/article/7PUTEdit article with id=7
/article/6DELETEDelete article with id=6
HTTP Status
Normal http status200 = ok
404 = not found
500 = internal server error
5. Internet of Things
Internet of Things
Devices connected to each other via internet
Collect data
Share data
Autonomously
Possible issues
No universal language or protocol
Privacy issues
Security issues
6. My Internet of Things
ESP8266
ESP8266 versies
Pins
Flashing
NodeMCU
Connect Things EASY - An open-source firmware and development kit that helps you to prototype your IOT product within a few Lua script lineshttp://nodemcu.com/
Lua
Lua (moon in Portuguese)
lightweight multi-paradigm programming language designed as a
scripting language with extensible semantics as a primary
goalhttp://www.lua.org/
Flashing firmware
Thingspeak.com
48 hours later
7. The sandwich
My coworking place
Me working
My colleague
Sandwich shop
Raspberry Pi
Rpi webservice
Raspberry Pibash script collects MAC via arp-scan
Posts array of MAC addresses to webservice
Joomla WebsiteWebservice receives array with MAC addresses & stores in MySQL database tableSlim Framework - php micro framework http://www.slimframework.com/
Joomla component lists members + online status from MySQL database table
In action
Connected to
Website
WebapplicationJoomla + SLIM framework
Mobile phone App
Conclusion
I hope that this overview on Information Technology gives you an idea about what actually happens when you use IT.
Questions?
Peter Martine-mail: info at db8.nlwebsite: www.db8.nl twitter: @pe7erPresentation: http://www.db8.nl
Used Photos
Title sheet: Internet of Things
http://www.markethings.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/IoT-2.png
Sandwich Cheese Pesto Salad
http://www.foody.nl/P60669/614x412/broodje-kip-pesto.jpg 1.
Networking
Wm2005-hackday-guerilla-networking, Andrew Lih, 2005
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wm2005-hackday-guerilla-networking.JPG
IBM Electronic Data Processing Machine - GPN-2000-001881, NASA,
1957
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/IBM_Electronic_Data_Processing_Machine_-_GPN-2000-001881.jpg
Floppy disk 2009 G1, George Chernilevsky, 2009http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Floppy_disk_2009_G1.jpg
SanDisk Cruzer Micro, Evan-Amos, 2011http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SanDisk_Cruzer_Micro.png
CD-R Front, Stefan Khn, 2003http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CD-R_Front.jpg
Harddisk in USB external box, Vojtch Brzek, 2011
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Harddisk_in_USB_external_box.jpg
Used Photos
2. InternetARPANET as of Jun 30, 1982 - BBN map - DSC00123, BBN
Technologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2013
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ARPANET_as_of_Jun_30,_1982_-_BBN_map_-_DSC00123.JPG
Old Phonebooks at Salton Sea - Gentle, 2010
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Old_Phonebooks_at_Salton_Sea.jpg
OSIModel.jpg - MrsValdry, 2011
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OSIModel.jpg3. Internet of
People
IoT-Graphic-540x247.png
http://numrush.nl/2015/03/13/amazon-neemt-startup-om-internet-things-platform-uit-te-bouwen/
Pigeon Messengers (Harper's Engraving), Harper's New Monthly
Magazine, No. 275, April, 1873.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pigeon_Messengers_(Harper's_Engraving).png
HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969, Greg Lloyd,
1969
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969.jpg
tricorderunbox4, Bobbie Johnson, 2009
https://www.flickr.com/photos/bojo/4078685614/in/photostream/
Mobile-stats-vs-desktop-users-global-550x405.png
http://www.smartinsights.com/mobile-marketing/mobile-marketing-analytics/mobile-marketing-statistics/
Mobile-Internet-Trends-Mary-Meeker-2015-1-550x417.png
http://www.smartinsights.com/mobile-marketing/mobile-marketing-analytics/mobile-marketing-statistics/
Used Photos
4. WebservicesWaiter pouring Zardetto sparkling Prosecco, Jeff
Kubina, 2009
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waiter_pouring_Zardetto_sparkling_Prosecco.jpg5.
Internet of Things
ioe_plaatje.jpg
http://hanswisbrun.nl/2015/09/21/verborgen-anonieme-zaken-in-amsterdam/ioe_plaatje/6.
My Internet of Things
ESP8266
http://www.seeedstudio.com/depot/WiFi-Serial-Transceiver-Module-w-ESP8266-p-1994.html
ESP8266 overview
http://www.esp8266.com/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=3876
ESP8266 Datasheet
http://www.electroschematics.com/11276/esp8266-datasheet/
Flashing ESP8266
https://importhack.wordpress.com/2014/11/22/how-to-use-ep8266-esp-01-as-a-sensor-web-client/
Used Photos
7. The sandwichSandwich Cheese Pesto Salad
http://www.foody.nl/P60669/614x412/broodje-kip-pesto.jpg
Login screen
http://www.getyourwebpage.com/login-members.html
Card Swipe
http://www.multitechreps.com/line-card/kantech/
Harry Fain, coal loader, checks out in the afternoon after
cleaning up after work. Inland Steel Company, Wheelwright... - NARA
- 541444 - U.S. National Archives and Records Administration,
1946
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Harry_Fain,_coal_loader,_checks_out_in_the_afternoon_after_cleaning_up_after_work._Inland_Steel_Company,_Wheelwright..._-_NARA_-_541444.jpg
Still from 1984
http://www.dagelijksestandaard.nl/2015/03/google-claimt-waarheidsmonopolie/Conclusion
EquinoxeJuniorHighPac-Man - Equinoxe, 2012
http://www.c64-wiki.com/index.php/File:EquinoxeJuniorHighPac-Man.png
Linux Nijmegen
Joomladagen 2015