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Intergovernmental CooperationTimothy W. Kelsey, Ph.D.
Professor of Agricultural Economics
Cooperative Extension
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Is this anything new?
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Agenda What is Intergovernmental
Cooperation?
Why consider doing this?
How to do it
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IntergovernmentalCooperation
Consolidation
Is NOT…
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The Ideal…• For services where it makes sense…
Provide services more effectively and cost efficiently than you can do alone
Provide higher quality services than you can do alone
• Maintain local autonomy & decision-making
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Why Consider Doing This?
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You’re Already Involved with Your Neighbors
Municipalities17%
School Districts
83%
Local Tax Dollars Collected, Lackawanna County
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Your residents are already ‘intergovernmentally
connected”
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Why municipal officials need to work with school districts
Local Governments:
Planning authority that affects where people live, work, play, what services are needed
School Districts:
Educate the children living in the district
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Municipal Cost Index
0
50
100
150
200
250
American City & County
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Year House Built
Source: City-data.com
1939 or earlier
1950 to1959
1970 to1979
1990 to1994
1999 to2000
Lackawanna County Pennsylvania average
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Lackawanna County Population
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
U.S. Census
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Population drives…
•Demands for servicesBut fixed costs for infrastructure?
•Ability to get revenues
•Ability to spread costs
•Whether able to provide at low per-user cost
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Economies of Scale• There are cost savings for some services if have more users
• Savings varies by service, quality provided, location, infrastructure needed
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Costs of government services vary dramatically
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Per Capita Spending on Gov’t Services in Lackawanna County
Service Highest $ Median Lowest $
General Gov’t $241.95 $55.52 $20.77
Police $176.80 $50.80 $0
Fire $79.31 $20.52 $5.61
Code Enforcement $60.20 $2.96 $0
Public Works $441.44 $94.61 $19.51
Data: DCED Audit Reports 2006 http://munstatspa.dced.state.pa.us/Reports.aspx
(excludes Scranton) <2,000 population
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Per Capita Spending on Gov’t Services in Lackawanna County (excludes Scranton)
Service Highest $ Median Lowest $
Solid Waste $169.12 $13.11 $0
Culture & Rec $110.23 $10.87 $0
Libraries $90.32 $0 $0
Debt Service $382.71 $22.10 $0
Total expenditures $1,766.96 $438.62 $120.11
Total taxes $516 $226 $78
<2,000 population
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How to do Intergovernmental Cooperation?
•Build upon existing relationships & activities
•Start small
•Look for common interests and ‘problems’
•Don’t forget looking inside, too!
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Communication WITH OTHER Jurisdictions
Does
Member of joint planning commission 8%
Planning commissions occasionally meet together
7%
Development plans are referred to other municipalities
13%
Informal communications 29%
Contact through County Planning Commission 26%
Does not interact with other planning commissions
36%
2001 PSU land use effectiveness study
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Communication WITHIN the Municipality
Does
… provides information to governing body 78%
… meets on regular basis with governing body 23%
…recommends improvements or capital project for Comprehensive Plan
33%
….sends plans to water or sewer authority for comments 40%
… provides authority copies of new plans & land use ordinances
26%
… meets authority to discuss water and sewer needs in the municipality
25%
2001 PSU land use effectiveness study
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How to do Intergovernmental Cooperation?
•Build upon existing relationships & activities
•Start small
•Look for common interests and ‘problems’
•Don’t forget looking inside, too!
•Engage the public!
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Engage the Public
• Ask them - does it matter to them? Why?
• How are they affected?
• Do they care?You’ll likely find…most citizens don’t care about municipal boundaries – they care about the services they get, and the
taxes they pay
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What Works? Examples
Informally lend equipment?
Purchase some supplies together?
Talk with officials from other local governments?
Are served by water or sewer authorities that cross municipal boundaries?
Share support for libraries or parks?