11.02.2005 Matti Kairi1
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Interaction of the R&D and Business Development in Wooden Housing Systems
Matti KairiHelsinki University of TechnologyLaboratory of Wood Product Technology
Enterprises, innovations and public policy related to forestry-wood value added chainJoensuu 11.-12.02.2005
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi2
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Building with Wood Building System with Wood
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi3
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY Overview of the wood-constructing methods and -systems
Stabförmige SystemeJoist and Beam systems
Flächige SystemeSlab Systems
Development steps:
•Timber struss, Post and Beam, Timber Frame
•Load bearing with post, beams and columns
•Bracing in Timber Frame System with sheeting
Later development:
Construction parts with integrated functions:• Transmitting vertical- and horisontal loads• Shell, airtight compartment• Wind tightness if required• Part of the thermal insulation• Energy reserve
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi4
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Overview of the wood-constructing methods and -systems
Wood-constructing methods and systemsBeam and Joist systems Massive
Con
stru
ctio
n m
etho
dSy
stem
/Sub
-pro
duct
Timber truss Log structures
Ballon-framePlatform frame Log structures
Post and Beam Timber frame Prefab elements
Timber frameModular systems Slab systems Slab systemsPost and BeamB e k o l o g S k e l e t t B l u e B o x 8 1 , 5 K M u l t i b o x B r e t t s t a p e lI n d u o C S - R a u m z e l l e n A g e p a n K M u l t i s t e g D u b e l h o l z
L i v i n g S t r u c t u r e H e r a k l i t L i g n a t u r H a a sM o d u l a r - T y p N T C S c h u l e r H o m o g e n 8 0S P P - M o d u l e T r u s J o i s t S t e k o L i g n o t r e n d
L i n o t e c
Log „sandwich“
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi5
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Blockbau - Log Building
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi6
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Holz- FachwerkbauTimber struss system
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi7
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Holzskelettbau Post and Beam
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi8
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY Holzrahmenbau
Timber frame
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi9
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Holzrahmenbau Timber Frame
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi10
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Finnframe Software
FINNFRAME-Construction system
Overview of the single programmes
- Construction programme
- Designing programme
- Cutting - optimisation
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi11
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Flächige Systeme Slab System
Later development:
Construction parts with integrated functions:
• Transmitting vertical- and horisontal loads
• Shell, airtight compartment
• Wind tightness if required
• Part of the thermal insulation
• Energy reserve
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi12
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Ways for joining the lamellas, nailed, dowelled, glued
Brettstapel-Elemente, nailed Brettstapel-Elemente, dowelled Glulam element, glued
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi13
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Surface, productionsharp edged
bevelled
interspersed
acoustics profile
Ways for joining the lamellas, nailed, dowelled, glued
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi14
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Producer- Lignatur AG, CH-9104 Waldstatt
- System- Floor and Roofing elements
• slab system• structural• sound isolating• thermal insulating
o Box, slab and shell elements• coniferous, 3-Layer-Boards• industrial produced• glued (high-frequenz method)• production and measurements according DIN 1052• gluing permission• different visibilty- and surface quality• F 30 B
Lignatur
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi15
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY Lignotrend
o Producer- Lignotrend AG, D-79809 Weilheim-Bannholz
o System- Elements for wall, floor and roof
• structural and bracing• slab system
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi16
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Overview of the wood-constructing methods and -systems
Wood-constructing methods and systemsBeam and Joist systems Massive
Con
stru
ctio
n m
etho
dSy
stem
/Sub
-pro
duct
Timber truss Log structures
Ballon-framePlatform frame Log structures
Post and Beam Timber frame Prefab elements Log „sandwich“
Timber frameModular systems Slab systems Slab systemsPost and BeamB e k o l o g S k e l e t t B l u e B o x 8 1 , 5 K M u l t i b o x B r e t t s t a p e lI n d u o C S - R a u m z e l l e n A g e p a n K M u l t i s t e g D u b e l h o l z
L i v i n g S t r u c t u r e H e r a k l i t L i g n a t u r H a a sM o d u l a r - T y p N T C S c h u l e r H o m o g e n 8 0S P P - M o d u l e T r u s J o i s t S t e k o L i g n o t r e n d
L i n o t e c
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi17
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Timber, Glulam, Plywood,LVL, OSB etc.
Panels, Headers, Beams,Posts,
Designed, produced and installed floor,wall, roof and exterior Systems,
Raw Materials
Components
Sub-products
Integrated SystemSolutions
Integrated building systems offeringfull range supply chain solutions
I-joists, Trusses
I-joists, Trusses
Dis
tribu
tion
mar
ket
Solu
tion
mar
ket
Re-
man
ufac
ture
rpl
ans,
prod
uces
and
erec
ts th
e „p
rodu
ct“
The building industry is demanding system solution (adapted from Sandberg 1999)
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi18
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Check list:−The Innovation system must be completed−The plan to avoid Chasm must be done carefully−Check list of concept helps the planning:
·Enterprise’s Business idea for the product·R&D portfolio of the enterprise·Product’s Value Chain·100% product’s contents·Stratified product’s contents·Operating System of the product·Is the Product platform suitable for the product·Is the Partnering based on win-win principle·Can the Key Technology Model be used
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi19
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
In order to become an innovation (I), a technological invention has to gain the type approval of the marketplace, technological institutions and of society. In other words, it has to fulfil the following criteria:
•Technological applicability•Economic profitableness•Social acceptability
Techno-logy
Society
MarketI
Innovation acceptance (Kettunen 2000).
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi20
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
In order to become an innovation (I), a technological invention has to gain the type approval of the marketplace, technological institutions and of society. In other words, it has to fulfil the following criteria:
•Technological applicability•Economic profitableness•Social acceptability
Techno-logy
Society
Market
Uneconomical case
Innovation acceptance is not fullfilled. Dominated by technology(Meristö et al. 2001, 434).
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi21
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
The Technology Adoption Life Cycle of an innovative product. According to Moore (1995, 19), the Chasm represents the critical point of this approach
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi22
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Innovative products initially enjoy a warm welcome in an Early Market from technology enthusiasts and visionaries, but will then fall into a Chasm if they fail to gain acceptance within a Mainstream Market dominated by pragmatists and conservatives (Moore 1995, 19-20).
The figure represents a situation where visionaries introduce new products to the market at a too early stage, whilst they areincomplete. Pragmatists are only happy with the whole product, because they want a 100% solution to their problem.
The 100% product is defined as the minimum set of products and services necessary to ensure that the target customer will achieve his or her compelling reason to buy (Moore 1995, 20-21).
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi23
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Added valueB
asic
prod
uct
prod
ucer
Com
pone
ntpr
oduc
er
Sub-
prod
uct p
rodu
cer
Mai
nten
ance
and
reno
vatio
n
Prop
erty
bus
ines
s-b
ased
on
owne
d pr
oper
ty-b
ased
on
rent
ed p
rope
rty
End
user
Mai
n co
ntra
ctor
Inte
grat
ed sy
stem
solu
tion
prod
ucer
Technology push
Market pull:needs of the market
A barrier in the added value chain, demanding the restruction of the product and business development processes (Jumppanen 2003).
Market pull:needs of the market
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi24
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Markets Product
Known to theenterprise
New to theenterprise
New to theWorld
Known to theenterprise 70 % 50 % 30 %
New to theenterprise 40 % 20 % 10 %
New to theWorld 20 % 7 % 1 %
Uncertainty
Uncertainty
R&D portfolio (Moore 1991, 109). The percentual figures correspond to the relative amount of successful new products. The figures are indicative (Klus 2004).
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi25
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Products and services,“advantage” for thecustomer
Market segment and itsrequirements
COMPATIBILITY
StructureResourcesOperating methods, i.e.-leadership system-incentives-production mechanism-problem solutions
The main parts of the business idea (Jahnukainen et al. 1980, 16)
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi26
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
BASIC PRODUCT
Assisting PartsCut-to-size com-ponents
Typeapproval
Trade mark
Value Adding Services
Installed Product Component
EducationLife CycleAssessment(LCA)
Integrated System Solutions
Standardisation
Turnkey Operation
TotalMaintenance
Stratified product concept (Lahtinen et al.1993, 21-23)
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi27
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Operating system is known from IT industry (source: diana.icu.ac.kr/ICE0120/workshop_C/Introduction_to_Operating_System.ppt thttp://www.freepapers.net/essays/ Operating_systems.science.shtml):
An operating system is a program that acts an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware. The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs. The main purpose of an operating system is to make the computer system convenient for the user to use the computer hardware in an efficient manner.
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi28
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
•Operating system (OS) in wood industry shall mean a structural wooden product that is specified in either a standard or technical type approval as a material with reference to other standards for adapting material usage for structural construction, i.e. jointing by gluing or with mechanical fasteners. •OS includes all the services contained in a stratified/100% product that enable the customer to use the product in an approriate, efficient and effortless manner, regardless of his/her level of competence. •OS includes in different readiness grade of re-manufactured products or solutions with all the needed information how to design, assembly in the factory, erect in building site and how to bring wooden construction into use taken into account technical matters relating to humidity.
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi29
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
In wood industry a Product's platform is the basis and the environment, which gives a new industrial process enough support for it to enter an immediate development path.The new industrial process needs to run parallel with its platform environment with regard to
•technology•raw materials•commercialization•related norms•production method,
to avoid a fundamental conflict situation with other products from the same platform environment. The new procedures have to result in a high enough turnover to have a significant impact on the company's overall business.
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi30
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Partnering
Organisational and Personal Trust in Asymmetric Technology Partnership (Blomqvist 2002, 163).
Finding the right partner and establishing a truly interactive relationship is an essential part of the integrated development project.
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi31
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
As the wood industry follows the added value chain partner relationships are of vital importance especially when the company decides to transfer its products to a higher value levelin the export market. It then becomes possible to create a positive win-win situationshown in a situation with a real Technology Push and Market Pull effect.
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi32
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Added valueB
asic
prod
uct
prod
ucer
Com
pone
ntpr
oduc
er
Sub-
prod
uct p
rodu
cer
Mai
nten
ance
and
reno
vatio
n
Prop
erty
bus
ines
s-b
ased
on
owne
d pr
oper
ty-b
ased
on
rent
ed p
rope
rty
End
user
Mai
n co
ntra
ctor
Inte
grat
ed sy
stem
solu
tion
prod
ucer
Technology push
Market pull:needs of the market
Partnering is one good option to avoid a barrier in the added value chain.
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi33
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Traditional R&D project
Time needed
Business
Product andprocessdevelopment
Basic research
Appliedresearch
Key Technology Model
Implementation of the key technology area (Tekes 1997, 7 adapted by Hirvensalo).
Time needed
Basic research
Appliedresearch
Product andprocessdevelopment
Business
Classical innovation chain where a company's R&D activities utilize results from basic and applied research (Tekes 1997, 7).
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi34
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
ConclusionIn order to develop the competitiveness of building with wood compared with concrete and steel, one must operate according the dominant rules of construction practice at least in the beginning. In addition to material and components delivery, wood industry should offer sub-products regarding to concrete and steel industrial habits as well.Know-how and skills must be trained first in the domestic market, before even starting to think of export.The Focus of development is in new wooden building components, systems and sub-products. Those are typically developed by active SMEs. To be successful in business they must take the represented main steps into account when developing a new sub-product into market.
11.02.2005 Matti Kairi35
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYWOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY References:•Blomqvist, K. 2002. Partnering in the Dynamic Enviroment: The role of Trust in Asymmetric Technology Partnership Formation. Acta Universitatis Lappeenrantaensis 122, Diss. Lappeenranta University of Technology. ISBN 951-764-638-0.•Jahnukainen, I., Junnelius, C., Sonkin, L. 1980. Liiketoiminnan kehittäminen liikeidean pohjalta. Ekonomia 66, Espoo, ISBN 951-35-2400-0•Jumppanen, P. Interview 16.09.2003•Kettunen, J. 2000. Driving forces for changing customer attitudes, Summary of conference presentations, European Industrial Research Management Association (EIRMA). Paris•Klus, J. and Hirvensalo, R. 1997. The Mechanical Wood Processing (PMT) and Wood-based Panels (PLT) Technology Programmes 1992-1996. Evaluation report. Technology Development Centre Finlamd (TEKES), Technology Programme Report 7/97, Helsinki, ISBN 951-53-0759-7.•Klus, J. 23.09.2004. Interview•Lahtinen, J., Isoviita, A. and Hytönen, K. 1993. Asikassuuntainen markkinointi (Customized marketing), ISBN 951-96199-3-3.•Meristö, T., Karjalainen, J., Ahvenainen, M. and Leppimäki, S., 2001. Values and Technology Scenarious in Context of Strategic Planning. IAMSR. Helsinki University of Technology Publications in Machine Design 1/2001, ISBN 951-22-5312-7 •Moore, G.A., 1995. Inside the Tornado, HarberBusiness, ISBN 0-88730-765-5•Sandberg, L.-G. 1999. Global trends in the wood product industry an adress at RILEM Symposium on Timber Engineering, Stockholm, September 15, 1999.•Tekes 1997. Puun mekaanisen jalostuksen PMT ja PLT teknologiaohjelmat (The Technology programmes of Mechanical Wood Processing (PMT) and Wood-Based Panels (PLT)). Tekes brochure.