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Intelligent Transportation System
By -Durgesh MishraGopal TekkarPrabhat Kumar
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Contents
Introduction
Why ITS?
Intelligent Transport Technologies
Intelligent Transport Applications
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Introduction• The term Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) refers to
information and communication technology, applied to transport infrastructure and vehicles, that improve transport outcomes such as:➢Transport Safety➢Transport Productivity ➢Travel Reliability➢ Informed Travel Choices➢Social Equity➢Environmental Performance ➢Network Operation Resilience
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Why ITS?Interest in ITS comes from the problems caused by
Traffic congestion :-❖ Efficiency of transportation infrastructure❖ Increased motorization, ❖ Urbanization, and❖ Increases travel time, ❖ Air pollution, and fuel consumption.
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Intelligent Transport TechnologiesInductive Loop Detection & Sensing Technologies
Video Vehicle Detection
Wireless Communications
Computational Technologies
Floating Car Data/Floating Cellular Data
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Wireless Communications
DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication)❖It offers communication b/w the vehicle and roadside in specific
location (for example Toll Plaza, Electronic Fee Collection).❖Sub-set of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology.
CALM (Continuous Air Interface Long And Medium Range)❖It provides communication b/w the vehicle and roadside using a
variety of communication media❖Applications are Vehicle Safety and Information.
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Computational Technologies
❖ Microprocessor modules with hardware memory management ❖ Real-Time Operating Systems. ❖ Model-based process control, ❖ Artificial Intelligence, and Ubiquitous computing.
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Floating Car Data/Floating Cellular Data
❖ "Floating car" data collection is a set of relatively low-cost methods for obtaining travel time and speed data for vehicles traveling along streets, highways, freeways, and other transportation routes.
❖ Broadly speaking, two methods have been used to obtain the raw data:▪ Vehicle Re-Identification▪ GPS Based Methods
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Vehicle Re-identification • Sets of detectors mounted along the road.• A unique serial number for a device in the vehicle .• Travel times and speed are calculated by comparing the
time at which a specific device is detected by pairs of sensors. This can be done using the❖ MAC (Machine Access Control) addresses from
Bluetooth devices.❖RFID serial numbers from Electronic Toll Collection
(ETC)..
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Sensing Technologies❖RFID (Radio Frequency Identification),❖Inexpensive intelligent beacon sensing technologies,:-
Have enhanced the technical capabilities that will facilitate motorist safety benefits for intelligent transportation systems globally.❖Sensing systems for ITS are vehicle- and infrastructure-based
networked systems.❖Pavement Loop :- Are use to sense the presence of vehicle
demand at parking lot entrances.❖Pressure Pad :- Are used to sense the presence of pedestrians
waiting to cross a roadway.
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Inductive Loop Detection❖ Inductive loops can be placed in a roadbed to detect vehicles as they
pass through the loop's magnetic field. ❖ The simplest detectors simply count the number of vehicles during a
unit of time (typically 60 seconds) that pass over the loop.❖ While more sophisticated sensors estimate the speed, length, and
weight of vehicles and the distance between them. ❖ Loops can be placed in a single lane or across multiple lanes, and
they work with very slow or stopped vehicles as well as vehicles moving at high-speed.
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Video Vehicle Detection
❖ Used in automatic number plate recognition.❖ Video from black-and-white or color cameras is fed into
processors that analyze the changing characteristics of the video image as vehicles pass.
❖ The cameras are typically mounted on poles or structures above or adjacent to the roadway.
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Intelligent Transport Applications
Emergency Vehicle Notification Systems
Automatic Road Enforcement
Variable Speed Limits
Collision Avoidance Systems
Dynamic Traffic Light Sequence
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eCall
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Automatic Road Enforcement❖ Speed cameras that identify vehicles traveling over the legal speed
limit. Many such devices use radar to detect a vehicle's speed or electromagnetic loops buried in each lane of the road.
❖ Red light cameras that detect vehicles that cross a stop line or designated stopping place while a red traffic light is showing.
❖ Bus lane cameras that identify vehicles traveling in lanes reserved for buses. In some jurisdictions, bus lanes can also be used by taxis or vehicles engaged in car pooling.
❖ Level crossing cameras that identify vehicles crossing railways at grade illegally.
❖ Double white line cameras that identify vehicles crossing these lines.
❖ High-occupancy vehicle lane cameras for that identify vehicles violating HOV requirements.
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Automatic speed enforcement gantry or "Lombada Eletrônica" with ground sensors at Brasilia, D.F.
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Variable Speed Limits
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Collision Avoidance Systems
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