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MAFS CONTRIBUTION IN INTEGRATINGMAFS CONTRIBUTION IN INTEGRATING
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND EXTENSIONAGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND EXTENSION
FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT INFOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT INTIMOR-LESTETIMOR-LESTE
ByByMarcos da Cruz and SoekartawiMarcos da Cruz and Soekartawi
([email protected])([email protected])
Paper presented to the Conference onPaper presented to the Conference on
Transforming Timor-LesteTransforming Timor-Leste,, organized by Victoriaorganized by VictoriaUniversity and UNTL, Dili,University and UNTL, Dili,
Timor Leste, 6-7 July 2009Timor Leste, 6-7 July 2009
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Map of Timor Leste(a country with 19000 km2,1M people & 80% of whom are engaged in agriculture)
Scale: 1:1.500.000
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AGRICULTURE & RURAL DEVELOPMENTAGRICULTURE & RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Agriculture & rural development areAgriculture & rural development areconsidered important for TLs Devtconsidered important for TLs Devt
This is because:This is because:
They are interrelated each other.They are interrelated each other.
80% of people/poor-people live in rural80% of people/poor-people live in rural
areas & mostly subsistence farmersareas & mostly subsistence farmers
Most of them depending directly orMost of them depending directly or
indirectly on agricultureindirectly on agriculture
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(cont)(cont)
Non farm enterprises provide aroundNon farm enterprises provide around
20-30% of rural incomes20-30% of rural incomes
Ruralurban linkages increasinglyRuralurban linkages increasingly
importantimportant
Both are access to basic services Both are access to basic services
finance, advice and new technology,finance, advice and new technology,
transport, energy markets etc.transport, energy markets etc. andand
assetsassets land, rural resources, etc.land, rural resources, etc.
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ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN TLSROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN TLS
ECONOMYECONOMY
Contribute 32% share in GDPContribute 32% share in GDPGenerate more food and raw materials atGenerate more food and raw materials at
lower priceslower pricesReduce poverty by increasing laborReduce poverty by increasing labor
productivity & employment in rural areasproductivity & employment in rural areasAgricultural growth has powerful leverageAgricultural growth has powerful leverage
effects on the rest of the economyeffects on the rest of the economy
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(cont)(cont)
Rising rural incomes, provide aRising rural incomes, provide a
growing domestic market for nationalgrowing domestic market for national
industriesindustries
Significant instrument forSignificant instrument foragriculture-agriculture-
led development strategies in low-led development strategies in low-
income countries.income countries.
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THE ROLE RURAL DEVELOPMENTTHE ROLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT
IN TLS ECONOMYIN TLS ECONOMY::
Focusing on poverty reduction;Focusing on poverty reduction;
Recognizing the potential of indigenousRecognizing the potential of indigenous
knowledge;knowledge;
Promoting the use of participatoryPromoting the use of participatory
approaches;approaches;
Emphasizing community involvement;Emphasizing community involvement;
Adopting an holistic view of theAdopting an holistic view of thedevelopment of the rural space;development of the rural space;
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(cont)(cont)
Preparing rural people for agriculturePreparing rural people for agricultureand off-farm employment;and off-farm employment;
Understanding the complementarily ofUnderstanding the complementarily of
urban/rural linkages;urban/rural linkages;Developing partnerships with NGOsDeveloping partnerships with NGOs
and civil society;and civil society;
Mainstreaming gender issues;Mainstreaming gender issues; Etc.Etc.
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Therefore Agriculture & Rural Development maynot be separatedand consequently
a fully fledge integrated ruraldevelopment (IRD) is needed
IRD includes:Not only increasing agr. productivity, butalso encouraging non-farm activities in therural areas, i.e. increasing access to
education health & housingetc.-
Bettercoordination among partners is needed.
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To speedTo speed up the implementation of IRDthe implementation of IRDthe role ofthe role ofagricultural education andagricultural education andextensionextensionfor rural peoplefor rural people (AEERP) must(AEERP) mustbe treated as important policy.be treated as important policy.
This is because AEERP is dedicated tobringing about transformation of ruralcommunities through capacity building of
rural people.
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80%Subsis
tence
20%Non-Subs
SubsFarming
DiversiviedFarm
Comercial
Farm
Policy
O
ption AGR. EDUC &
EXTENSIONPOLICY
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WHAT ARE CONTRIBUTION OF MAF?WHAT ARE CONTRIBUTION OF MAF?
MAF continues to:MAF continues to:Provide qualified young farmers throughProvide qualified young farmers through
establishing 3 Higher Agriculturalestablishing 3 Higher Agricultural
Schools with about 300 studentsSchools with about 300 studentsRecruit agricultural extension officersRecruit agricultural extension officers
(AEO) & allocate them to one AOE in(AEO) & allocate them to one AOE in
every villageevery village
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Assign AEO:Assign AEO:
to conduct adult education classesto conduct adult education classes(men & women)(men & women)
to organize farmer field schools withto organize farmer field schools with
both technical and basic educationboth technical and basic education to teach rural students in agriculturalto teach rural students in agricultural
mattersmatters
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To conductTo conduct
food production skillsfood production skills
self-employment skillsself-employment skills
appropriate non-formal skillsappropriate non-formal skills
training for adults and schooltraining for adults and schooldrop-outs can permit rural peopledrop-outs can permit rural people
to diversify their skills for a moreto diversify their skills for a more
secure livelihoodsecure livelihood
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MAXIMIZE THE PRIVATE PARTNERSMAXIMIZE THE PRIVATE PARTNERS
TO EDUCATE FARMERSTO EDUCATE FARMERS
MAF cooperatively working with:MAF cooperatively working with:Donor agenciesDonor agenciesNGONGOUniversities/CollegesUniversities/CollegesVillage LeadersVillage LeadersProgressive FarmersProgressive FarmersVolunteersVolunteersEtc.Etc.
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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
MAF believes thatMAF believes that agriculturalagricultural
education and extensioneducation and extension in ruralin rural
areas is a basic right and an essentialareas is a basic right and an essentialprerequisite for providing quality ofprerequisite for providing quality of
agricultural labor of rural people,agricultural labor of rural people,
reducing poverty, improving the livingreducing poverty, improving the livingconditions, and building a food-conditions, and building a food-
securitysecurity..
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Main Activity by Rural and Urban Areas,Main Activity by Rural and Urban Areas,
According to Gender (% pop >12 yrs)According to Gender (% pop >12 yrs)
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Highest Educ Attainment of Adult Pop by R & UAreas, Acc to Gender, 2007 (% of pop >18 yrs