Task 42 – Biorefineries
Task leader: Rene van ReeTask co-leader: Ed de Jong
DOE Biomass Program, Chicago, USA, 4th October 2010
Integrated Biorefineries
Current Status and Perspectives
Biorefinery
Food
Feed
Mat
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Che
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Bio-based Economy
Content
1. IEA Bioenergy – Task 42 “Biorefining”
2. Biorefining – Definition
3. Biorefineries – Current Status & classification
4. Market Implementation Scenario Biorefineries
5. Summary and Advice
1. IEA Bioenergy (1)
IEA Bioenergy is one of a number of Implementing Agreements (IAs) established more than 30 years ago by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Aim is to provide platforms for international collaboration and information exchange in bioenergy research, development, and demonstration
Annual budget (2010): over 2 M US$
23 contracting parties (member countries) AUS, AT, BEL, BRA, CAN, CRO, DEN, EC, FIN, FRA, GER, IRE, IT, JP, NL, NZ, NOR, SA, SWE, SUI, TUR, UK, USA
1. IEA Bioenergy (2)
12 TasksRaw material related Tasks Biomass Feedstocks for Energy Markets (43) Energy Recovery Solid Waste Management (36)
Conversion process related TasksCombustion and Cofiring (32) Thermal Gasification (33) Pyrolysis (34) Biogas & Landfill Gas (37) Liquid Biofuels (39)
Assessment based TasksSocio-economic drivers (29) AMF-cooperation (41) Sustainable International Biomass Trade (40) Greenhouse Gas Balances (38)
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1. IEA Bioenergy (3)Task 42 Biorefinery
Framework Sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable Biobased Products and Bioenergy
Aims1) Assess the worldwide position and potential for biorefineries 2) Gather new insights for the simultaneous production of food, feed, chemicals, materials, fuels, power and/or heat from biomass in a socially and environmentally acceptable and economically profitable way
BioenergyFood
Feed
Bio-based Products
Fuels
Power Heat
Materials Chemicals
Task 42 Biorefineries
1. IEA Bioenergy (4)Task 42 Biorefinery
13 PartnersFounding (2007) members (8):
Austria, Canada, Denmark, EU, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands
New Members:
2009: Australia, Italy2010: USA, United Kingdom, Turkey
Task 42 Biorefineries
1. IEA Bioenergy (5)Task 42 Biorefinery
Results 2007 - 2009• Common definition for biorefineries
• Common classification system for biorefineries
• Country reports on current processing potential and mapping of existing plants.
• Identification of biorefinery related RD&D programmes in participant countries
• Annual biorefinery seminar for stakeholders.
• Linking of ongoing international activities through joint events and new initiatives
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Task 42 Biorefineries
1. IEA Bioenergy (6)Task 42 Biorefinery
Activities 2010 - 2012
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1. Developing a Biorefinery Complexity Index 2. Identification most promising BBPs to be co-produced with Bioenergy 3. Assessing the current status and development potential of Energy-driven Biorefineries based on a Full Value Chain approach 4. Preparation of a Guidance document on Sustainability Assessment for BRs5. Preparing a Summarizing BR Paper 6. Bio-annual Task Meetings (internal know. diss.) 7. Workshops/website (external know. diss.) 8. Biorefinery Summer School
Task 42 Biorefineries
Task 42 Definition BiorefineriesBiorefining is the sustainable processing of biomass into a
spectrum of marketable Bio-based Products and
BioenergySustainable: maximising economics, socially acceptable, optimal environmetalperformance
Processing: upstream processing, transformation, fractionation, thermo-chemical and biochemical conversion, extraction, separation, downstream processing
Biomass: residues, crops, algae
Spectrum: multiple product outlets
Marketable: volumes, prices
Bio-based Products: food, feed, chemicals, materials
Bioenergy: fuels, power, heat
Task 42 Biorefineries
2. Biorefining – Definition (2)
In general Product-driven and Energy-drivenBiorefineries can be distinguished
Product-driven BiorefineriesMain goal is the production of one/more Bio-based Products (food, feed, chemicals, materials) Process residues are used to produce Bioenergy for internal/external use to maximise the economic profitability of the overall biomass value chain
Energy-driven Biorefineries Main goal is the production of one/more Energy Carriers (fuels, power and/or heat) Process residues are valorised to BBPs to maximisethe economic profitability of the overall biomass value chain
Task 42 Biorefineries
3. BR – Current Status (1)
“Biorefining” is not new !!!
Specifically in the Food Industry “biorefining” is already applied for ages
Sustainable processing in both BBPsand BE (= Biorefining DEF) is new !
Task 42 Biorefineries
Task 42 – Classification SystemCurrent Naming in Literature
Green Biorefineries
Whole Crop Biorefineries
Lignocellulosic Feedstock
Biorefineries
Marine Biorefineries
Thermochemical Biorefineries
Biochemical Biorefineries
Oleochemical Biorefineries
Syngas Platform
Sugar Platform
Two Platform
Biorefinery
Lignin Platform
Biodiesel Platform
Forest-based Biorefinery
No coherent naming system available
Task 42 Biorefineries
3. BR – Current Status
Green Biorefinery – AT example
Fractioning
Amino acids Lactic acid
BIOGAS
Fibres60 - 100 kg AS Gemisch 120 – 160 kg Resource for
fibreboards, isolation material etc.
Optional drying and further fractioning
Silage3330 kg
(1000 kg TS)
Plant juice 2083 kg ( 300 kg TS)
ca. 0,1ha
Press-cake1250 kg
(700 kg TS)
Residual waste ca. 1850kg (40-120kg TS)Source: Spitzer, Mandl &
Hofbauer, 2007
Task 42 Biorefineries
3. BR – Current Status
Whole Crop Biorefinery exampleUse of raw materials such as cereals
or maizeGrain
‘biotechn./chemical’‘physical/chemical’
Fuels,Chemicals,
Polymers and Materials
LignocellulosicRaw material
Flour (Meal)‘physical/chemical’
Straw‘biotechn./chemical’
Whole Crop Cereals
- Dry Mill -
Starch line,Sugar
Raw material
Cogeneration( CHP )
Heat and Power
Residues
Source: Kamm, Gruber & Kamm, 2006
Source: Beethanol, NL
Task 42 Biorefineries
3. BR – Current Status
LC Feedstock Biorefinery example (1) (Sugar / Lignin Platform)
Cellulose‘biotech./chemical’
Fuels,Chemicals,
Polymers andMaterials
LigninRaw material
Hemicellulose‘biotech./chemical’
Lignin‘chemical’
LignocellulosicFeedstock
(LCF)
Sugar Raw material
Cogeneration( CHP )
Heat and Power
Residues
Source: Kamm, Gruber & Kamm, 2006
BCyL cellulose ethanol demo plant AB, Salamanca, 5 Million L EtOH/yr from 25,000 ton straw. Operational since Oct. 2009.
Task 42 Biorefineries
3. BR – Current Status
LC Feedstock Biorefinery example (2) (Syngas Platform) = THIS CONFERENCE
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RENEW (EC FP6)
Task 42 Biorefineries
3. BR – Current Status (12)
Forest-based Biorefinery example
Source: VTT, 200?
Task 42 Biorefineries
3. BR – Current Status
Marine Biorefinery example
Mic
roal
gae
Sour
ce: B
arbo
sa, 2
010
Production costs have to be reduced by factor 10 !
Task 42 Biorefineries
Task 42 – Classification SystemAim Classification System
• Should be unambiguous for all stakeholders within the Biorefinery field
• Both the feedstocks used and the main intermediate and final products produced should be part of the naming
• The naming should reflect the complexity of the Biorefinery facility
• The naming should be as specfic as possible
Task 42 Biorefineries
Task 42 – Classification SystemApproach
Platforms =
main intermediates
Specified Bio-based Products
+ Bioenergy
Specified Feedstocks
C6 sugar C5 sugar
Lignin Protein Bio-oil
Syngas Biogas
Hydrogen …..
Food Components Feed Components
Chemicals Materials
Fuels Power Heat
Residues Crops Algae …..
A <platforms> biorefinery for the production of <products, energy>
from <feedstocks.>
Task 42 Biorefineries
Exa
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Sys
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(see
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Further reading
BiorefineryBrochure
The classification system will be
finalized in 2010/2011
Task 42 Biorefinery
4. Market Implementation Scenario Biorefineries
Short-term: “Bottom-up Approach” – Upgrading of existing industrial infrastructures to high-efficient biorefinery facilities by i) using process (chain) residues and/or ii) making process modifications for the production of added-value bio-based products and/or bioenergy.
Examples: conventional ethanol + ddgs valorisation, biodiesel + cake and/or glycerol valorisation, upstream integration of biomass pyrolysis/gasification units within conventional oil refineries, …
Long-term: “Top-down Approach” – Development of fully new sustainable biorefinery facilities for the high-efficient co-production of human food, animal feed, chemicals, materials, fuels, power and/or heat.
Examples: Green BRs, Whole Crop BRs, Lignocellulosic Feedstock BRs, Marine BRs, …
Task 42 Biorefineries
5. Summary and Advice
Biorefining is not new (food industry, …) –
Sustainable biomass use taking into account the Full Value Chain Approach is !
Critical Success Factors for a Bio-based Economy
Biomass use should beSocially accepted
Economically profitableEnvironmentally friendly
Product-driven Biorefineries are the Road to the future BBE
If the answer is yes – new international policy goals on non-energetic biomass use are required !!!
Task 42 Biorefineries
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New professional Task website
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Thank you for your attention
Task 42 Biorefineries
Further information
René van Ree ([email protected])Ed de Jong ([email protected])
www.iea-bioenergy.task42-biorefineries.com