Insects in the worldInsects in the world
• Most successful animals• Make up 2 out of three living things• Make up 2 out of three living things• With other arthropods make up over 75% of
all animalsall animals• Have been around for 350 million years
Arthropods= Insects and their relativesrelatives
Do not have a backbone(invertebrates)Jointed legged animals include;Jointed legged animals include;Ticks, mites ,spiders ,millipedesCentipedes, and insectsCentipedes, and insects
Insect -characters Insect -characters
• Three sets of legslegs
Easiest character toEasiest character tosee
Insect -characters Insect -characters
• Wings • Only birds, • Only birds,
bats and insects
• Only found in • Only found in adult insects
• Not all insects • Not all insects have wings (fleas,springtails)
Spiders- ArachnidsSpiders- Arachnids
• 4 pairs of legs• 4 pairs of legs• No antennae• No wings• No wings• 2 body divisions• Spiders are not• Spiders are notinsects
Insect Developmentor Metamorphosisor Metamorphosis
• Two forms of development (change)(change)
1. Simple/ Partial/ Primitive2. Complete/ Advanced2. Complete/ Advanced
Simple metamorphosisSimple metamorphosis
Egg- nymph- adultAll life stages look similar, behave similarAll life stages look similar, behave similarWhole family can live and feed together
Complete MetamorphosisComplete Metamorphosis
• Egg -Larvae-Pupae-Adult• Larvae not look like adult- are wormlike• Larvae not look like adult- are wormlike• Can live in different environment• Can live in different environment• Eat different food• Larvae usually the main pest• Larvae usually the main pest
ExoskeletonExoskeleton
• Insect covered with hard outer shellhard outer shell
• Skin is very plastic like
• Difficult to sense environment
Insect DevelopmentInsect Development
• Cold blooded- development influenced by temperatureinfluenced by temperature
• Most insects inactive below 50 0 F;• Most insects inactive below 50 F;• Breed, eat, develop faster the
warmer it is up to 95 0 F.warmer it is up to 95 0 F.
Insect mouthparts-two typesInsect mouthparts-two types
• Chewing mouthparts
damage
mouthparts
• Sucking damage• Sucking mouthparts
Insect reproductionInsect reproduction
1. Short life cycles- most go through generation in 1- 6 through generation in 1- 6 weeksweeks
2. Large number of offspring / female -100-2,000 eggs/ female -100-2,000 eggs
Insect reproductionInsect reproduction
Experiment
Fruit flies- 2 week life Fruit flies- 2 week life cycle
26 generations/year
100 eggs / female100 eggs / female
Insect ReproductionInsect Reproduction
In 1 year from 1 male and 1 female if all offspring survive to breed if all offspring survive to breed
would produce
10 41 flies-if pack 1000 flies/cu. in.if pack 1000 flies/cu. in.
Insect ReproductionInsect Reproduction
A ball of fruit flies 96 million miles in A ball of fruit flies 96 million miles in diameter which is 2/3 of the distance from earth to sunfrom earth to sun
· Why doesn’t it happen?
Insect classificationInsect classification
• 26-28 Orders -to separate use
• Type of development• Type of development
• Type of mouthparts• Type of mouthpartsandand
Order OrthopteraOrder Orthoptera
• Roaches• Crickets• Crickets• Walking sticks• Mantids• Mantids• Grasshoppers• Grasshoppers
Order OrthopteraOrder Orthoptera
• Simple development• Chewing mouthparts• Chewing mouthparts• Two pairs of wings/• Two pairs of wings/
first set are thickened and leather-like
Orthoptera wingsOrthoptera wings
1st pair leather like, thickened >>
2nd pair thin flying wing2nd pair thin flying wing
Earwigs- DermapteraEarwigs- Dermaptera
• Short wing covers-second pair not always developeddeveloped
• Simple development• Chewing mouthparts• Have terminal forceps• 20 species in North
America
True bugs -Order HemipteraTrue bugs -Order Hemiptera
•Simple development•Sucking mouthparts•Two pairs of wings/ •Two pairs of wings/
1st pair a half wing in Heterocera
True Bugs- Hemiptera wingsTrue Bugs- Hemiptera wings
< Half wingTwo sets of wings
< half wing< Half wing1st pair thick for
1st half , thin for other
< half wing
1st half , thin for other
Aphids, scales, ciadaSuborder HomopteraSuborder Homoptera
•Simple development•Simple development•Sucking mouthparts•Two pairs of membrane type wings•Two pairs of membrane type wings
Butterflies and moths -Order Lepidoptera
•Complete development-larvae are caterpillars•Complete development-larvae are caterpillars
•Larvae have chewing mouth parts•Larvae have chewing mouth parts
•Two pairs of wings/ Covered with scales•Two pairs of wings/ Covered with scales
Beetles- Order ColeopteraBeetles- Order Coleoptera
•Complete development- larvae are grubs•Complete development- larvae are grubs
•Chewing mouthparts larvae and adults•Chewing mouthparts larvae and adults
•Two pairs of wings-first hardened into
wing covers
True Flies- Order DipteraTrue Flies- Order Diptera
•Complete development-larvae are maggots•Chewing mouthparts in larvae/•Chewing mouthparts in larvae/
variable in adults•Adults only have 1 pair of wings•Adults only have 1 pair of wings
Wing veins
AntennaeAntennae
16,914 species in North America16,914 species in North America113 Families
Ants,bees,sawfliesOrder HymenopteraOrder Hymenoptera
•Complete development-larvae are maggot like•Chewing mouthparts in larvae•Chewing mouthparts in larvae•Two pairs of wings- both membrane like
hooked together to work as onehooked together to work as one