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Nuclear Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry May 12, 2015
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Atomic Nuclei and Nuclear Stability
Describe how the strong force attracts nucleonsRelate binding energy and mass defectPredict the stability of a nucleus by considering factors such as nuclear size, binding energy, and the ratio of neutrons to protons in the nucleus
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Nuclear forces
Nucleons and nuclide
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Nuclear forces
Protons and neutrons are nucleonsA specific number of protons and neutrons are described as a nuclideAn isotope has the same atomic number but different mass numberIsotopic notation
Mass # 25
Mg Chemical SymbolAtomic # 12
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Nuclear Forces
Strong force exists when nucleons are close togetherThe strong force must overcome the electrical charge of the protonsThree quarks make up nucleonsQuarks are in flavors
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Nuclear Forces
Binding energy and Mass Defectseparate nucleons nucleus + energy
Nuclear binding energy is the energy associated with the loss of mass, mass defect, from the combining of nucleons
Eo = mc2
2.73 x 10 12 J/mol 42He
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Nuclear Forces
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Nuclear Forces Stability
1. Except for 11H and 3
2He, all stable nuclei have a number of neutrons that is equal to or greater than the number of protonsA nucleus that has an N/Z number that is too large or too small is unstable. Gradual increase from 1 to 1.5Nuclei with even number of neutrons and protons are more stableNuclei that have magic numbers of protons and neutrons [2,8,20,28,82,&126]
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Review Problems
1-12 Skip 2’s page 6471-9 Skip 2’s page 874
Mass of a proton 1.672614 x 10-27 kgMass of a neutron 1.6749543 x 10-27 kgSpeed of light 3.00 x 108 m/s