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Innovative use of space technologies in the energy, environment and
environmental monitoring, meteorology, agriculture and forestry
sectors
Aire OleskEstonian Trainee in ESA-ESRIN
University of Tartu/Tartu Observatory
Pärnu 26.08.2013
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Driving force behind Innovation in Space Technologies
The changing Earth - monitoring the progress
Not only science, but politics, economy and daily life of citizens profit from satellite data
Improved understanding and predictions, ensuring sustainability
Global coverage, rapid measurement capability and continuity
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Space Technologies and Applications
Earth Observation weather forecasting, environmental monitoring, mapping, emergencies
Satellite navigation navigation, surveying, search and rescue, precise agriculture
Telecommu-nications television, radio, internet, military
NanoSatsminiaturized satellites for space research(for example ESTCube-1)
Integrated Applications
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The benefits of space-based (EO)platforms
Global coverage Frequent revisit and up-to-date
information Large range of swath size
(e.g. coverage in a single acquisition) and resolution ranging from less thana metre to km-s
Ability to see through cloud and at night (e.g Synthetic Aperature Radar)
Rapid disaster management (prediction and monitoring, real-time decision-making)
Large store of archived data and continuity of missions allowing long term research into e.g. climate change, biomass etc.
Sentinel-1
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Innovative use of space technologies in the energy sector
DInSAR Measuring the subsidence at underground mining areas Measuring the geological stability of oil and gas fields
and pipe-lines, of large urban areas and single buildings Subsidence information for power line poles and bridges
Data: TerraSar-X, Tandem-X, Radarsat-2, Sentinel-1, Cosmo-Skymed, SMOS etc
EO satellites also produce 'sunshine maps' to help site solar power plants and bench-mark their operating efficiently'
Hydroenergy prediction (amount of precipitation, water capacity and speed of melting)
Wind speed and storm predictions (wind and solar farms)
Exploration and exploitation of oil and gas
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Innovative use of space technologies in the energy sector
Mean subsidence/riseof buildings in Tartu (mm per year)
Period: 1993-2001
Source: ERS-1/-2
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Innovative use of space technologies in the environment and environmental monitoring sector
GOME-2 is observing the recovery of the ozone layer
Atmosphere
Cryosat has revealed the loss of ice in Arctic regions
Cryosphere
SMOS monitors the salinity and amount of water held in the surface layers
Ocean
Land cover mapping supports management of urban areas and detecting land cover change
Land Cover
EO satellites help to monitor and assist the destruction caused by tsunamis/earthquakes
Disaster management
SAR allows us to see the volcanoes “breath” and detect the ground displacements
Tectonics
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Helping relief efforts in Japan - map of terrain displacement
InSAR-synthetic aperture radar interferometry
Possible to detect ground motion down to a few millimetres
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Innovative use of space technologies in the environment and environmental monitoring sector
Arctic sea-ice thickness based on two months' worth of data from the ESA’s ice mission, CryoSat-2.
The first SMOS global map of soil moisture and ocean salinity
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Innovative use of space technologies in meteorology sector
Accurate weather prediction and long term global climate change (EUMETSAT)
Short term and long term atmospheric changes on both, local and global scale
Weather warnings (monitor the volcanic eruptions and ash clouds, hurricanes, dust storms)
Satellites monitor the air we breath
Storm Ulli, EUMeTrain 2012
The mean density of nitrogen dioxide over Europe between January 2003 and June 2004, as measured by the SCIAMACHY instrument on ESA's Envisat satellite. Source: ESA, University of Heidelberg
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Agriculture
Food security and precise agriculture- Improve agricultural yield forecasting capabilities (crop health, nutrient deficiency, weather, soil, growth speed)- Steer tractors with centimetre-accuracy to improve farming
EU subsidies for farmers
- Grassland cutting detection - Conservation of landscapes and biodiversity
Vegetation classification and monitoring
- Growth stages and indices (e.g Leaf Area Index) - Fire damage mapping
Soil fertility
- Soil moisture, erosion, irrigation, draught assessment, types of stress
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Innovative use of space technologies in forestry sector
Forests cover about 30% of Earth's land surface area
Global observations
Forests absorb, release and store carbon
Carbon accounting
Storm and forest fires damage estimation, deforestation
Change detection
Forest height and stem volume estimation
Biomass
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Innovative use of space technologies in forestry sector
• Timber value estimation• Reforestation validation• Selective logging• Thinning and clearcut detection• Carbon stock for GHG inventories• Storm/fire damage estimation
Country-wide forest biomass estimates from PALSAR L-band backscatter in 2010, Source: Regio Ltd, ESA
Logging detection in Estonia in 2011-2012 Source: Regio Ltd, DMCii
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Innovative use of space technologies in forestry sector
Earth’s Northern Biomass mapped and measured
In higher resolution than ever before (pixel = 1 km on ground)
About 70 000 ENVISAT images from 2009-2011 combined to create the pan-boreal map for 2010
Will be continued by the future Sentinel-1 mission
ESA’s seventh Earth Explorer is a Biomass mission (first P-band SAR mission, plus an experimental “tomographic” phase to provide 3D views of forests)
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Copernicus – The European Earth Observation Programme
- Copernicus - one of the two largest EU/ESA space programmes (in addition to Galileo) to stimulate innovation in European industry
- Collects data from multiple sources: earth observation satellites and in situ sensors such as ground stations, airborne and sea-borne sensors
- Copernicus (previously GMES) services address six main thematic areas: Land Monitoring, Marine Monitoring, Atmosphere Monitoring, Emergency Management, Security, Climate Change
- Based on the Copernicus services, many other value-added services can be tailored to more specific public or commercial needs.
- This will create new business opportunities and has a huge potential for job creation, innovation and growth.
- A free and open data policy - Promotes growth and competitiveness in the EU
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ESA’s Artes 20 programme
Integrated Applications Promotion (IAP) - the development of operational services for a wide range of users through the combinationof different systems
Cross-fertilisation across disciplines (e.g. impact of Climate on Health, on Energy, on Transport, etc...)
Example: Coastal flood warning system for the Baltic Sea (Pärnu City Government and Regio Ltd)
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Integrated Applications
- Severe floods in January 2005 in Pärnu caused by strong storms and heavy rain
- 50 MEUR damage according to Estonian government estimations
Proposed IAP Solution:– Web application presenting the flood
forecast information http://space.regio.ee/iap/web/app.php/
– Cellular network text service disseminating the flood warning messages
– Flood maps presenting the current situationand the evolution of the flooded area based on forecast
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Educational and outreach projects
– ESTCube-1 is the first Estonian satellite, launched in May 2013
– Built in Estonia by students from Tartu University, Estonian Aviation Academy, Tallinn University of Technology and University of Life Sciences
– The main mission of the satellite is to test the electric solar wind sail
– It also helps to build Estonian infrastructure for future space projects and to educate space engineers
Image by ESTCube-1
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Thank you for your attention!
Studies are supported by European Social Fund’s Doctoral Studies and Internationalisation Programme DoRa, which is carried out by Foundation Archimedes.