Initial Environmental Examination
November 2011
PAK: MFF Power Transmission Enhancement
Investment Program – Proposed Tranche 3
Prepared by National Transmission and Despatch Company for the Asian Development Bank.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page No. 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 GENERAL 1-1 1.2 PROJECT DETAILS 1-2 1.3 BACKGROUND 1-4 1.4 PROJECT LOCATION 1-5 1.5 PROJECT CATEGORIZATION 1-8 1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT 1-8 1.7 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT 1-8 1.8 METHODOLOGIES OF PERFORMING THE STUDY 1-9 1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESETTLEMENT ISSUES 1-9 2. LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK POLICY 2-1 2.1 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN PAKISTAN 2-1 2.2 NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY 2-1 2.3 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT POLICY 2-1 2.4 GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 2-2
2.4.1 Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, 1997 2-2 2.4.2 Guidelines of Public Consultation, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, May, 1997 2-2
2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES 2-3 2.5.1 Provincial EPA 2-3 2.5.2 Provincial Departments of Forestry and Wildlife 2-3 2.5.3 Local Government and Municipalities 2-3 2.5.4 Environmental and Social Impacts Cell (ESIC) 2-3 2.5.5 Environment-Related Statutes 2-4
2.6 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GUIDELINES 2-5 2.7 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS) 2000 2-6
i
2.8 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS 2-14
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3-1 3.1 GENERAL 3-1 3.2 THE PROJECT 3-1 3.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 3-3 3.4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3-3 4. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 4-1 4.1 Project Area Introduction 4-1
4.1.1 General Characteristics of Project Area 4-1 4.1.2 Affected Administrative Units 4-1
4.1.3 Land Status in Project Area…………………………………………………… 4-2
4.2 PHYSICAL Resources 4-2 4.2.1 Location 4-2 4.2.2 Water Resources and Water Quality 4-4 Surface water 4-4 Ground water 4-4 4.2.3 Topography, Geography, and soils 4-5
4.2.4 Geotechnical Investigation of proposed Area-Fault of Area 4-6
4.2.5 Climate and Hydrology………………………………………………………… 4-7
4.3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES 4-11 4.3.1 Major Flora of Project Area 4-13
4.3.2 Fauna of the Area 4-14 4.4 Economic Development 4-17 4.5 Protected Areas / National Sanctuaries 4-17
5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5-1 5.1 No Project Option/Worst Scenario Option 5-1 5.2 Alternative Construction Method 5-2 5.3 Alternative Geometry 5-2 5.4 Option of Employing Outside Labour Instead Of Local Labour 5-3 5.5 Summary of Alternatives 5-4 5.5 Proposed schedule for implementation 5-4
6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE 6-1 6.1 CONSULTATION PROCESS 6-1 6.2 STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION 6-3 6.3 CONSULTATION FINDINGS 6-4 6.4 GENDER COMPONENT 6-5
ii
6.5 SOCIAL FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT (SFA) 6-6
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
Parties 6-6 Agreement Contents 6-6
7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION
MEASURES 7-1 7.1 METHODOLOGY 7-1 7.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT – OVERVIEW 7-2 7.3 EXPLANATION OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 7-2
7.3.1 Detail design & pre construction phase 7-2 7.3.2 Construction Phase 7-7
7.3.2.1 Land Resources 7-8 7.3.2.2 Hydrology and Water Resources 7-14 7.3.2.3 Air Quality and Noise Pollution 7-16 7.3.2.4 Biological Resources 7-18 7.3.2.5 Socioeconomic, Cultural and Archaeological Issues 7-19 7.3.2.6 Health & Safety 7-20
7.3.3 Operational and Management Phase 7-21 7.3.4 Socio-economic Impacts on the overall Project Area 7-35
8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 8-1 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8-1
8.1.1 Objective of Environmental Management Plan 8-1 8.1.2 Regulatory Requirements and Applicable Standards 8-2
8.1.2.1 National Regulatory Requirements 8-2 8.1.2.2 ADB Procedures 8-3 8.1.2.3 Status of Regulatory Clearances 8-4
8.1.3 Components of the EMP 8-5 8.2. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND RESPONSIBILITIES 8-5
8.2.1 Management Approach 8-5 8.2.2 Environmental and social impact Cell (ESIC) 8-6 8.2.3 Contractor 8-7 8.2.4 Government Agencies 8-7 8.2.5 NTDC Board of Directors 8-7 8.2.6 Organizational Structure 8-8
8.3. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION PLAN 8-12 8.3.1 Mitigation Plan 8-12 8.3.2 Management Plan 8-12
iii
8.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 8-26
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8.4.1 Objectives 8-26 8.4.2 Monitoring 8-37
8.4.2.1 Effects Monitoring 8-37 8.4.2.2 Compliance Monitoring 8-37 8.4.2.3 Post-Project Monitoring 8-38 8.4.2.4 Third Party Monitoring / Environmental Audit Annually 8-38
8.4.3 Reporting Structure and Outcomes 8-40 8.4.3.1 Data Recording and Maintenance 8-41 8.4.3.2 Storage of information 8-41 8.4.3.3 Meetings 8-41 8.4.3.4 Photographic record 8-41 8.4.3.5 Social complaints register 8-41 8.4.3.6 Change record register 8-41 8.4.3.7 Reporting 8-41
8.4.4 Communication Strategy 8-42 8.5. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE 8-43
8.5.1 Meeting with local and regional officials 8-43 8.5.2 Meeting with Local Communities 8-44
8.6. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING PLAN 8-44
8.7. CHANGE MANAGEMENT 8-44 8.8. ESTIMATED COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 8-44 9. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 9-1 9.1 GENERAL 9-1 9.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT 9-1
9.2.1 Management Responsibilities 9-1 9.3 Environmental and Social Complaints Register 9-4
iv
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
LIST OF TABLES
Page No. Table - 2.1: Pak EPA NEQS (2000) for Effluent Discharge 2-6 Table - 2.2: Pak EPA NEQS (2000) for Gaseous Emission 2-7 Table - 2.3: Pak EPA NEQS (2009) for Vehicular emissions 2-9 Table - 2.4: Pak EPA NEQS (2010) for Noise Level 2-10 Table - 2.5: Pak EPA NEQS (2010) for Drinking Water 2-10 Table - 2.6: Pak EPA NEQS (2010) for Ambient Air Quality 2-13 Table - 4.1: Maximum & Minimum Annual One day Rainfall 4-9
Table - 4.2: Flora of Mansehra District 4-12 Table - 4.3: Flora of Project Area 4-13 Table - 4.4: Fauna of Project Area 4-15
Table - 4.5: Domestic Fauna of Project Area 4-16 Table - 4.6: Type & number of health facilities in Mansehra. 4-20
Table - 4.7: Education Facilities in Mansehra 4-20
Table - 6.1: Summary of Consultation Meeting 6-4 Table - 7.1: Check list of potential impacts for Construction and
Operational Phases 7-5 Table - 8.1: Applicable Regulatory Requirements (Environmental) 8-2 Table - 8.2 Environmental Mitigation Management Plan 8-14 Table - 8.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan for performance indicator 8-27 Table - 8.4: Monitoring Programme for Tranche 3 8-39 Table - 8.5: List of Officials Contacted 8-43 Table - 8.6: Cost Estimates for Environmental Management 8-45 Table 8.7: Environmental Issues Tracking Report 8-46 Table - 9.1 Grievance Resolution Process 9-4
v
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
LIST OF FIGURES
Page No. Figure - 1.1: Location map of proposed project site 1-6 Figure - 1.2: Site of a proposed 220 KV grid station Debgran Mansehra 1-9 Figure - 4.1: Water well in Debgran village 4-4
Figure - 4.2: Zones of Convergence 4-7
Graph - 4.1: Maximum & Minimum Annual One day Rainfall 4-10
Graph -4.2: Percentage Of Different Tribes in Project Area 4-18
Figure - 8.1: Organization structure of PMU 8-9 Figure - 8.2: Organization Chart for Environment Management / monitoring
implementation 8-10 ATTACHMENTS
Attachment 1: Sample Questionnaire
Attachment 2: REA Checklist
Attachment 3: Pakistan EIA procès
Attachment 4: Monitoring plan & Institutional Arrangements
Attachment 5: Photographs.
vi
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
ADB Asian Development Bank
APs Affected Persons.
BPI British Power International
CCMR Community complaints-management register
CFC Chlorofloro carbon
DFO Divisional Forest Officer
DoF Department of Forests
EA Environmental Assessment
EARF Environmental Assessment Review Framework
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ESIC Environment & Social Impacts Cell
ESS Manager Environment & Social Safeguard
GoP Government of Pakistan
GRC Grievance Redress Cell
GRS Grievance Redress System
GS Grid station
LAC Land Acquisition Collector
Leq Equivalent sound pressure level
MPL Maximum permissible level
NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards
NGO Non Governmental Organization
PC Public Consultation
PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls
PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997
PPMS Project Performance Monitoring System
vii
PTEMFF Power Transmission and Enhancement Multi-tranche Finance Facility
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
RE Resident Engineer
REA Rapid Environmental Assessment
RoW Right of Way
Rupee, PKR Unit of Pakistan currency= US$ approx R
SFA Social Framework Agreement
SIA Social Impact Assessment
SP Subproject
SRs Sensitive Receivers
TD Temporary drainage.
TOR Terms of Reference
viii
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE PROJECT The proposed project is a construction of a new 220 kV Grid Sub-station (GS) at
Debgran, Mansehra (Khyber Pakhtunkhawan). Mansehra is linked with national grid
system spread across the country for supply of electric power. The distribution
network within the district is the responsibility of Peshawar Electricity Supply
Company (PESCO). Most of the villages and towns are quite well serviced in terms
of electric power with 137,689 connections of which 136,720 are domestic
connections followed by 859 industrial connections.
The condition of the power transmission system in Pakistan is inadequate to meet
the rapidly growing demand for electrical power. This situation limits national
development and economic growth. To enable the transmission system to deliver
newly added generating capacity the existing network has to be expanded.
The Tranche 3 subprojects under report include construction of new 220 KV Grid
Station, land for the grid station measuring 242 Kanals have already been
purchased and is in under the possession of NTDC. There are small villages near
the proposed Grid sub station i.e. Debgran, Sheikhabad, Baidran, Jailo, Shahelia
but they are generally about 500 m to 4 km away from the proposed project site.
(N34o 20’ 8”, S 73o 9’ 8”)
For the purpose of the above an Initial Environmental Examination is carried out for 220 kV Grid Sub-Station under Tranche 3 of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) project, Power Transmission and Enhancement Multi-tranche Finance Facility (PTEMFF). This report has been prepared to ensure the following objectives: • Apply ADB’s Environment safeguards
• The applicable environmental administrative and legal frame work on the project
• Environmental & social base line data of the project area of influence (AOI)
• Assessment of potential environmental impacts and determining mitigation measures of expected adverse impacts
Develop a basic Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Framework (inclusive of all major environmental aspects and risk bases assessment plan) and envisaged EMP implementation cost. The base line data was developed and analyzed to identify potential environmental impacts of the project. An Environmental Assessment Checklist methodology was adopted to identify the high risk activities and suggest their mitigation measures.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
ii
Where possible, eliminating the risk by altering the scope or method of execution of work was preferred rather than minimizing the risk with control measures. The “no project” option is considered inappropriate in view of the long term and wide spread benefits of safe and a long term proposed project of 220 KV GS Mansehra. Legal and Administration Framework Policy Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 is the primary legislation which applies in Environmental Assessment studies in Pakistan. Under section 12 of the Act a project falling under any category specified in Schedule II (SRO 339(1)/2000) require the proponent to file an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) with the concerned Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which in case of 220 kV GS sub project is EPA KPK. The nature and scope of work and the environmental setting of the AOI (established through REA Checklist) indicates that there will neither be any significant adverse impact to the environment nor there would be any irreversible ecological damage due to the project activities. All the adverse impacts either would be temporary or would be easily mitigable. The projects benefits on the other hand would easily outweigh any small and temporary adverse impacts. The project will have significant positive environmental and social benefits by uplifting the employment opportunities in and around the project area and also through providing better power supply in the area. Therefore, the project should be categorized as B, as per the Asian Development Guidelines (ADB) However such a project requires an EIA as per section 12 of PEPA 1997 an EIA will be prepared & submitted to obtain No Objection Certificate (N.O.C). All project activities should be compliant with NEQS and should establish monitoring and evaluation systems. Description of the Environment The 220 kV Grid Sub Station (N34o 20’ 8”, S 73o 9’ 8”) site is located in Debgran Mansehra on 242 Kanals of land. The land has already been acquired and is in possession of NTDC since 2008. The nearest settlement to the proposed Grid Sub station is Debgran Village with total population of about 1400-1600 approximately at a distance of 1 km from GS. Other important areas near the proposed site include Sheikhabad, Baidran, Jailo, Shahelia but they are generally about 500 m to 4 km away from the proposed project. There is cultivated land, residential housing, villages, shops and Infrastructure like
canal/ drain/minor/ WC, tube-well, katcha (unpaved) and pucca (paved) roads, other
power line /gas pipe lines, Basic Health Unit (BHU)/ school and mosque while
productive assets like, poultry/ fish farm, fruit orchards, forest and others like
graveyard/archeological site that are located within 1 Km of the proposed project site.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
iii
The only stream that flows in the middle of Mansehra city is known as Pooth. It is the
main source of water supply in the city. The main surface water source near the
proposed project area is the water well in debgran village. The water is pumped from
a depth of 36 feet. Basically, the proposed Project site is 1 km away from dabgran
village and even the whole Mansehra District is devoid of any true ground water
aquifer. This is because of the rocky formation of the area and steep slopes of the
mountains.
In general the area has access to electricity and communication networks. Health
facilities are scarce and inadequate near village areas of the project area. However
Mansehra city that is closest to the proposed project site has number of hospitals and
basic health units. The people near the project area have to go to Shinkiari,
Mansehra and Dadar for medical treatment. Other than this there are private
hospitals and maternity homes also present in district. Project site is located in a
province with a literacy rate of 35.41%. In comparison, Pakistan as a whole has
literacy rate of 43.92%, while Islamabad leads the nation with a 72.4% literacy rate
The main language of the people nearby is hindko, Urdu & Pashto. Main occupations
of the male economical population include; self employed, farming, private
employees, government employees, farm labor, Skilled and Unskilled laborers etc.
The socio-economic structure of project area is primarily agrarian. Most of the population lives in rural area and depends upon agriculture. The remaining population lives in cities and towns with ample facilities for work as the cities are generally well industrialized especially in metal works, electrical goods, ceramics and agro-based industries. Some of the rural population travels and even migrates to cities for employment. Social consultations were carried out with officials and local communities. The aim was to solicit views on the proposed project and incorporate their concerns, demands and needs into Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Social Framework Agreement (SFA). Women consultations were carried out to incorporate gender issues in the social assessment. The flora of the project area can be divided into two parts i.e. riverian Flora and inland Flora. The immediate and surrounding area of the project has been under human inference for a long time and, therefore no endangered species is present or spotted in the area.
Mansehra districts is famous for its game reserves. There are many game reserves
in the district. Following are the closest to the proposed 220 KV grid station:
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
iv
• Jallo Game Reserve (6 km)
• Sheikhabad Game Reserve (6km)
Besides the Debgran village, there are no sensitive sites nearby the proposed subproject; there is no forest within the radius of 500 meters. No archeological sites are nearby. Land Acquisition (242 kanals) has already occurred. No endangered species will be affected due to the proposed project activities. There will be neither any effect on indigenous people nor there will be any resettlement involved the in the proposed project. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Most of the adverse environmental and social impacts of the Project will be associated with the construction phase. Except for resettlement issues which would need to be addressed carefully, the remaining impacts associated with the construction phase will be temporary, reversible, phased over a period of time, localized and manageable. The air quality was analysed and found reasonably clean and no any obvious source of air pollution was located in the vicinity of the project area of influence. However there are kacha paths and may cause dust pollution during traffic movement. Air quality shall be controlled by regular spraying of water on kacha paths. All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during construction activities will be kept in good working conditions to minimize the exhaust emissions. Cutting & burning trees and shrubs as a fuel shall be prohibited and clean source of energy should be provided at the contractor’s camp e.g. gas cylinders etc. Noise, air quality and water sources shall be monitored periodically, as specified in IEE report. All the work activities should be restricted within the allowed working hours. There is not any designated environmentally protected or archaeological site falling within the direct project area of influence. The Project will not have any significant impacts on fish, fishermen communities, wildlife and wildlife habitat. However, monitoring measures have been recommended to ensure that any unforeseen impacts can be identified, compared with baseline and mitigated during the implementation stage. All forest, wildlife and fisheries laws should be fully respected and abided by the contractor and his work force. No fire arms should be carried out by the contractor’s work force. During construction, the Contactor’s work force is expected to be largely available from the local population, which will enhance the economic opportunities for the locals of working age group. Socioeconomic conditions of the project area will generally have positive impacts due to the project implementation i.e. availability of jobs during construction phase.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
v
The noticeable adverse impact of the Project will be resettlement and relocation of affected communities. But as no resettlement and relocation is involved in the proposed project and only land acquisition is involved the impacts will be temporary. There are no built-up structures, namely, houses, shops or community structures affected. Thus, none of the population will experience significant impacts. Therefore the overall resettlement impact is considered non-significant. It is very important to protect the water sources during the construction phase from accidental spills of diesel or any chemical, as any spill could percolate to the groundwater through the sandy stratum at site. All the solid waste and wastewater generated from the project activities and contractor camp shall be disposed-off according to the waste disposal plan, which would be a component of the EMP. If the groundwater is to be used for the water supply in the Contractor Camp then it would be required to abstract water from sufficient depth and confirm that it meets the WHO standards by the contractor. The total cost of the environmental management of the proposed project is about 2,000,000.oo Pak. Rupees. This includes the cost of environmental third –party monitoring and implementation of mitigation measure. There is also a process “Grievance Redress Mechanism” established to deal with the
stakeholder or affected people’s concerns, complaints and grievances about the
project environmental performance. The verbal or written grievances will be received
recorded and replied in a systematic way using an understandable and transparent
process that is gender responsive, culturally appropriate and readily accessible to all
segments of the affected people at no cost and without retribution.
The proposed project will bring about a net-positive benefit in meeting the rapidly
growing demand for electrical power in the country. Continuous environmental
monitoring will be carried out for the entire construction phase, to ensure due
diligence of environmental performance. The EMP will also ensure reporting of all
non-conformances and their rectification within a specified period of time along with
safety, health and environment (SHE) audits.
CONCLUSION It is anticipated that all environmental and social issues involved during the construction and operational phase of the project are manageable, therefore it is concluded that the project is environmentally friendly, financially viable, economically sustainable, generally neutral and pro-poverty elevation.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
1. 0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
Mansehra is linked with national grid system spread across the country for supply of
electric power. The distribution network within the district is the responsibility of
Peshawar Electricity Supply Company (PESCO). Most of the villages and towns are
quite well serviced in terms of electric power with 137,689 connections of which
136,720 are domestic connections followed by 859 industrial connections.
Pakistan is a country where the condition of the power transmission system is
inadequate to meet the rapidly growing demand for electrical power. This situation
limits national development and economic growth. To enable the transmission
system to deliver newly added generating capacity the existing network has to be
expanded. The overall contribution of power infrastructure also requires institutional
arrangements and capacity that support strategic management of the sector, and
planning and management of investments. Overall the proposed PTEMFF facility
has been designed to address the investment and institutional aspects in the
electrical power sector.
The Tranche 3 subproject under report include construction of new Grid Station,
land for the grid station measuring 242 Kanals have already been purchased and is
in under the possession of NTDC. Impacts form Grid station are insignificant while
some compensation would need to be paid for the land that will accommodate the
Grid Sub station. The design for Grid Sub station is sufficiently complete (July 2010)
to permit initial environmental examination (Cat. “B”).
The GoP has requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to provide finance for
the construction of grid station on 242 Kanals in Debgran, Mansehra. The proposed
project will help to fulfill the overall objective of the MFF to encourage economic
growth and improve transmission efficiency by creating a series of national
improvements. The improved transmission efficiency will contribute to expansion of
economic opportunities by improving capacity and efficiency and security of supply
in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
1-1
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
The proposed sub project aims to meet rapidly growing demand for electrical power.
The feasibility study for the subproject was prepared by consultants has
demonstrated the need for the proposed improvements based on electricity demand
and network studies and that significant benefits can accrue in the form of reduced
load on transformers and reduction in transmission line loses. Thus there is a clear
and immediate future need for this subproject.
At the time of writing this report first time (Nov 2011) the site for the proposed
project has been chosen and the preliminary detailed designs for the grid station are
completed and the overall requirements for the construction have been clearly
identified. According to the recent survey in November 2011, No built-up structures
will be affected and the proposed project will not result in any temporary or
permanent loss of productive lands, in terms of crop and tree losses
1.2 PROJECT DETAILS
This report presents the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for the construction
of a new 220 kV Grid Sub-station (GS) at Debgran, Mansehra (Khyber
Pakhtunkhawan). Figure 1.1 presents the location map of the proposed project site.
The IEE study takes into account the natural environment (air, water, land, flora & fauna), human health and safety. This study evaluates the project’s potential environmental risks and impacts in its areas of influence and outlines planning, designing and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating or compensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts throughout project implementation. The Social Assessment (SA) has been conducted to evaluate the project’s potential positive and adverse effects on the affected people and to examine project alternatives where adverse effects may be significant. The breadth, depth and type of analysis in the social assessment are proportional to the nature of the project and scale of its potential effects, positive or adverse, on the affected people.
The Initial Environmental Examination is carried out for 220 kV Grid Sub-station
(GS) at Debgran, Mansehra under Tranche 3 of the Asian Development Bank (ADB)
project, Power Transmission and Enhancement Multi-tranche Finance Facility
(PTEMFF). Thus this IEE presents the results and conclusions of environmental
assessment for the proposed construction of 220 kV Grid Station and is submitted
by the Government of the Pakistan (GoP), Ministry of Water and Power and National
Transmission and Dispatch Company (NTDC). The proposed project is to be
1-2
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
considered for early improvement under the PTEMFF and requires environmental
assessment under ADB operating procedures. An IEE has been carried out to fulfill
the requirements of ADB safeguard policy statement 2009. This IEE study report is
used to complete the Summary Initial Environmental Examination (SIEE) for
disclosure by ADB upon request1.
The Power Transmission Enhancement MFF loan has to be approved by ADB and
the sub project under consideration falls under tranche 3 of the MFF. The total cost
of the 220 kV Grid Sub-station (GS) at Debgran, Mansehra is estimated at Rs: 905
million. ADB will fund the design, civil works and procurement of equipment. The
detailed designs are currently being progressed. Land has been acquired for GS in
2008 and is under the possession of NTDC. Compensation for the land acquired for
the proposed project will be paid. Figure 1.2, shows the site of proposed project of
220 KV grid station.
The environmental assessment requirements of the Government of Pakistan (GoP)
for power transmission projects are not identical to those of ADB (Attachment 3).
The environmental regulations of the GoP categorize development projects into two
schedules according to their anticipated potential environmental impacts. The
proponents of projects that have more adverse environmental impacts (Schedule II)
are required to submit an environmental impact assessment (EIA). The policy is
ambiguous and needs clarification. The consultants have initiated a dialogue with
EPA Islamabad for review of the policy. EPA Islamabad has agreed to open
discussions with provincial EPAs and other stakeholders to revise the schedules, so
that study requirements are not related to voltage or lengthy of facilities being
proposed to be added but is related to impacts. A review of the need for EIA/IEE
submission is therefore required by the relevant environmental protection authority
in this case the KP Environmental Protection Agency.
The base line data was developed and analyzed to identify potential environmental impacts of the project. An Environmental Assessment Checklist methodology was adopted to identify the high risk activities and suggest their mitigation measures. Where possible, eliminating the risk by altering the scope or method of execution of work was preferred rather than minimizing the risk with control measures. 1 Category A projects that are deemed by ADB's chief compliance officer to be environmentally sensitive for the
purposes of (i) the 120 day rule, and (ii) the environmental management plan requirement could involve projects that are near or in environmentally sensitive areas. At this stage no component of the T3 sub-projects under consideration is actually within a critical area and therefore the MFF- tranche 3 as a whole is Category “B”.
1-3
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
1.3 BACKGROUND
The Study Area include the construction of new 220 KV grid station Mansehra and
all the areas around the proposed project site including all irrigation facilities, water
supply, habitable structures, schools, health facilities, hospitals, religious places and
sites of heritage or archaeological importance and critical areas and other
infrastructure such as railway lines and Critical Areas2, within 100m of the GS
boundary.
The field studies were undertaken by a core study team with experience of
environmental assessment for power projects in Pakistan. Mr. Muzaffar Khan
conducted preliminary scoping, survey and assessment activities and coordinated
the field sampling and analysis. Mr. Muzaffar was also responsible to supervise
collation of information and co-ordinate the various public consultation activities.
Consultants provided leadership and guidance with regards to the essential detailed
assessments of design, construction, operational and decommissioning impacts,
noise, air quality and waste disposal. The environmental team also benefited from
technical support and other important information on the impacts of the proposed
power works provided in feasibility summaries prepared for NTDC3 and by expert
consultants of BPI dealing with engineering, power transmission, socio-economic,
re-settlement and institutional aspects. The field studies carried out in October &
November 2011.
The study process began with scoping and field reconnaissance during which a
Rapid Environmental Assessment (Attachement-2) was carried out to establish the
potential impacts and categorization of the project. The environmental impacts and
concerns requiring further study in the environmental assessment were then
identified. The methodology of the IEE study was then elaborated in order to
address all interests. Subsequently primary and secondary baseline environmental
data was collected from the enhancement works and the intensity and likely location
of impacts were identified with relation the sensitive receivers; based on the work
expected to be carried out. The significance of impacts from the power transmission
expansion work was then assessed and, for those impacts requiring mitigation,
measures were proposed to reduce impacts to within acceptable limits.
2 Critical areas as published by the PEPA on the website are put in specific reference 3 Feasibility Summary submitted to the Asian Development Bank by the National Transmission and Dispatch Company, Pklakistan under Power Transmission Enhancement Project , PPTA Loan 2178-PAK. , prepared by BPI
1-4
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
1-5
Public consultation (PC) was carried out in October and November 2011 in line with
ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). Under ADB requirements the
environmental assessment process must also include meaningful public consultation
during the completion of the draft IEE. In this IEE the PC process included verbal
disclosure of the sub-project works as a vehicle for discussion. Interviews were
conducted with local families and communities along the GS area. Written records of
the responses have been passed to the Project Proponent, NTDC. The responses
from correspondents have been included in Attachment 5 and summarized in Section
6 of this IEE.
1.4 PROJECT LOCATION The new proposed project of 220 kV Grid Sub-station (GS) is located at Debgran Mansehra (Khyber Pakhtunkhwan Province) 37 km away from Abotabad city. (See Fig 1.1 Location Map of proposed project site)
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
Fig. 1.1: Location map of proposed project site
1-6
mission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 IEE Report
1-7
Fig 1.2 : Site of a proposed 220 KV grid station Debgran Mansehra
Power Trans220 kV Sub station Mansehra
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
1.5 PROJECT CATEGORIZATION According to ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009), projects are to be categorized into three environmental categories; A, B, or C. All the anticipated adverse environmental impacts of the project are mitigable, temporary in nature and localized. Also there is no environmentally sensitive or archeological site falling within project area of influence; therefore the project is classified as Category B. This report comprises the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of the proposed project to fulfill the requirements according to ADB’s guidelines. 1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT The main objectives of the report are as follows:
The application of environmental administrative and legal frame work on the project
Develop Environmental Baseline Data for the project Area of Influence (AOI); derive land use and environmental maps.
Assessment of potential environmental Impacts and development of mitigation measures to cater for adverse impacts.
Preparation of framework of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and envisaged EMP implementation cost for this project.
Environmental approval from government agency.
1.7 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT This report is divided into following chapters:
Executive Summary Chapter No.1: Introduction Chapter No. 2: Policy, Law and Administrative Framework Chapter No. 3: Description OF The Project Chapter No. 4: Description of Environment (Baseline Conditions) Chapter No. 5: Analysis of Alternatives Chapter No. 6: Public Consultation & Disclosure Chapter No. 7: Impact Assessment, Mitigation and Enhancement Measures Chapter No. 8: Environmental Management Plan Chapter No. 9: Grievance Redress Mechanism Attachments
1-8
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
1.8 METHODOLOGY OF PERFORMING THE STUDY The environmental and social data were collected and analyzed for the overall environmental study area. Data was collected during site visits and stake holder consultation works. The concerned departments and institutions are Wildlife, Forestry & Fishery Department, Water Management Office, Irrigation and Land Revenue, WWF etc. The base line data was developed and analyzed to identify potential environmental impacts of the Project. A risk based methodology was adopted to identify the high risk activities and suggest their mitigation measures. Where possible, eliminating the risk by altering the scope or method of execution of work was preferred rather than minimizing the risk with control measures. Public consultations were also undertaken including a gender study to take into account the public point of view about the project. 1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESETTLEMENT ISSUES The project activities include construction of one new Grid Station, land for the grid station measuring 242 Kanals have already been purchased and is in the possession of NTDC. Though land acquisition is involved but no resettlement issue is involved in the proposed project. This will cause some disturbance due to construction activities on the main site and the allied sites involving borrow material, camping grounds, material dump, machinery yard, link road and necessary facilities for the staff and labour to be engaged for the construction of the project. There is no such irreversible adverse environmental impact of the project but the construction-related impacts such as air pollution, noise and use of community resources can be well mitigated through the proper implementation of the mitigation measures, which have been identified in this report. The construction of new 220kV GS will not affect nearby population. They will not be affected by temporary or permanent loss of their productive lands, in terms of crop and tree losses. No built-up structures will be affected, during the construction of the proposed project. During the construction phase of the project, compensation will be given for land that is acquired for the construction of 220 KV grid station. No private land or property acquisition will be involved anywhere during construction.
1-9
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
2.0 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK POLICY This chapter provides an overview of the policy framework and national legislation
that applies to the proposed Project. The Project is expected to comply with all
national legislations and Asian Bank Guidelines relating to environmental and social
issues, and all the required regulatory clearances will be obtained.
The environmental study includes primarily Pakistan Environmental Protection Act
1997 (PEPA 1997), Pakistan IEE and EIA review regulations (2000) and Asian
Development Bank SPS. All other laws and guidelines relevant to the project have
also been reviewed. Synopses of relevant laws and guidelines are provided in this
chapter.
2.1 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN PAKISTAN Under section 12 (with subsequent amendment) of the 1997 Act, a project falling
under any category specified in Schedule I (SRO 339(1)/2000), requires the
proponent to file an IEE with concerned federal agency (Pak-EPA). Projects falling
under any category specified in schedule II require the proponent to file an EIA with
the federal agency. Within ten working days of the lodging of IEE or EIA, the federal
agency will confirm that the document submitted is complete for the purpose of
review.
2.2 NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (NCS) was approved by federal cabinet
in March 1992 and is the principal policy document on environmental issues in the
country. The NCS outlines the country’s primary approaches towards encouraging
sustainable development, conserving natural resources and managing resources.
The NCS has 68 specific programs in 14 core areas in which policy intervention is
considered crucial for the preservation of Pakistan’s natural and physical
environment. The core areas that are relevant in the context of the proposed Project
are pollution prevention and abatement, conserving biodiversity and preservation of
cultural heritage.
2.3 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT POLICY The National Environmental Policy provides an overarching framework for
addressing the environmental issues facing Pakistan, particularly pollution of fresh
water bodies and coastal waters, air pollution, lack of proper waste management,
2‐1
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
deforestation, loss of biodiversity, desertification, natural disasters and climate
change. It also gives directions for addressing the cross sectoral issues elaborating
the underlying causes of environmental degradation and international obligations.
The policy provides broad guidelines to the Federal Government, Provincial
Government, Federally Administrated Territories and Local Government for
addressing environmental concerns and ensuring effective management of their
environmental resources.
2.4 GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
The Pak-EPA has published set of environmental guideline for conducting
environmental assessment and the environmental management of different types of
development projects. The guidelines relevant to the proposed Project are listed
below.
2.4.1 Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports,
Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, 1997
The guidelines, targeted at project proponents, specify:
The nature of the information to be included in environmental reports
The minimum qualification of the EIA conductors appointed
The need to incorporate suitable mitigation measures during project
implementation
The need to specify monitoring procedures
The report must contain baseline data relating to the project area, an interpretation of
the data and mitigation measures.
2.4.2 Guidelines of Public Consultation, Pakistan Environmental
Protection Agency, May, 1997
These guidelines deal with possible approaches to public consultation and
techniques for designing an effective program of consultation that reaches out to all
major stakeholders and ensure that their concerns are incorporated in any impact
2‐2
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
assessment study.
2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES 2.5.1 Provincial EPA
NTDC will be responsible for providing the complete environmental documentation
required by the provincial EPA and remain committed to the approved project design.
No deviation is permitted during project implementation without the prior and explicit
permission of the EPA.
2.5.2 Provincial Departments of Forestry and Wildlife
Wildlife department nominates any sensitive wildlife area as game reserve or highly
sensitive area as wildlife sanctuary. A competent person should manage the work
activities in wildlife sensitive areas to minimize any adverse impacts on wildlife
habitat. However no environmentally sensitive area has been identified within the
direct influence of the project activities.
2.5.3 Local Government and Municipalities
NTDC and its contractors must ensure that the project meets the criteria of district
governments as related to the establishment of construction camps and plants, and
the safe disposal of wastewater, solid waste and toxic materials. The NTDC will
coordinate and monitor environment-related issues.
2.5.4 Environmental and Social Impacts Cell (ESIC)
NTDC has established the Environmental and Social Impacts Cell (ESIC)
manned by two professionals and support staff .The cell is attached to both
Implementing Agencies, the Chief Engineer EHV (General Manager Grid
System Construction , NTDC ) and the planning agency Project Director
Technical Assistance (General Manager Planning, NTDC). ESIC enable
address the environmental and social issues in a timely and effective manner during
operation, maintenance, construction of transmission lines and Grid stations. ESIC
may also be involved as an independent environmental monitoring organization
2‐3
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
during construction phase of this Project.
2.5.5 Environment-Related Statutes This section outlines statutes apart from the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act,
1997, which are relevant to the project.
The Forest Act, 1927 (and Provincial Acts and Rules)
The Act, inter alia, deals with the matters related with protection and conservation of
natural vegetation/habitats. It empowers the concerned agency to declare protected
and reserved forest areas and their maintaining. In spite of the fact that it recognizes
the right of people for access to the natural resources for their household use, it
prohibits unlawful cutting of trees and other vegetation from forest reserve area. The
permission is required prior to undertake any tree cutting from the Forest Department
of Punjab province. The contractor will inform formally to the Punjab Forest
Department and PIPD at-least 1 month before cutting any tree on site.
Provincial Wildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and
Management) Act, Ordinances and Rules In addition to empowering provincial wildlife department to establish game reserves,
parks, and wildlife sanctuaries, these acts regulate the hunting and disturbance of
wildlife. This law will help in eliminating any trespassing into protected areas.
Antiquities Act, 1975
The Antiquities Act relates to the protection, preservation and conservation of
archaeological/historical sites and monuments. There are no archeological site(s) or
cultural heritage site inside or in the AOI of the project. Nevertheless if there is
chance find during the construction phase this law would provide due guidance.
Provincial Local Government Ordinances, 2001 These ordinances, issued following the devolution process, establish regulations for
land use, conservation of natural vegetation, air, water, and land pollution, the
disposal of solid waste and wastewater effluents, as well as matters related to public
health and safety. This law will help as and when participatory management of
irrigation system becomes the order of the day.
2‐4
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
Factories Act, 1934
The clauses relevant to the project are those that are related with the health, safety
and welfare of workers, disposal of solid waste and effluent, and damage to private
and public property. The Factories Act also provides regulations for handling and
disposing of toxic and hazardous materials. There are no factories / industries inside
the project area.
Land Acquisition Act 1894
Land Acquisition Act (LAA), 1894 is the primary law governing land acquisition in
Pakistan. For the acquisition of land, the above-mentioned Act, rules and regulations
are followed whether the acquisition is for Government of Punjab or any other
agency.
2.6 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GUIDELINES
The Asian Development Bank’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 and
Environmental Policy 2002 require that environmental considerations be incorporated
in to ADB’s funded project to ensure that the project will have minimal environmental
impact and be environmentally sound. Occupational health & safety of the local
population should also be addressed as well as the project workers as stated in SPS.
A Grievance Redress Mechanism to receive application and facilitate resolution of
affected peoples’ concerns, complaints, and grievances about the project’s
environmental performance is also established and provided in chapter 9.
Environment Categorization
All loans and investments are subject to categorization to determine environmental
assessment requirements. Categorization is to be undertaken using Rapid
Environmental Assessment (REA), consisting of questions relating to (i) the
sensitivity and vulnerability of environmental resources in project area, and (ii) the
potential for the project to cause significant adverse environmental impacts. Projects
are classified into one of:
Category A: Project with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts that
are irreversible, diverse and unprecedented. These impacts may affect the area
2‐5
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
larger than the site or facilities subjected to physical work. An Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) is required to address significant impacts.
Category B: Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of
lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. An initial
environmental examination (IEE) is required to determine whether or not significant
environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE
is regarded as the final environmental assessment report.
Category C: Projects unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE
is required, although environmental implications are still reviewed.
Category FI: Projects are classified as category FI if they involve a credit line
through a financial intermediary or an equity investment in a financial intermediary.
The financial intermediary must apply an environmental management system, unless
all subprojects will result in insignificant impacts.
2.7 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS)
The NEQS specify the following standards:
1. Maximum allowable concentration of the Pollutants, (32 parameters) in
emission and liquid industrial effluents discharged to inland water.
2. Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (16 parameters) in gaseous
emission.
3. Maximum allowable exhaust emissions and noise emission from vehicles.
4. Maximum allowable noise level from vehicles
5. Maximum allowable limits for Drinking Water
6. Maximum allowable limit for Ambient Air Quality
2‐6
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
Table - 2.1: Effluent Discharge Standards (NEQS 2000) Applicable to the Works
Sr. No. Determinant NEQS
1 Temperature 40 OC =≤3 deg.
2 pH 6 – 9
3 BOD5 80 mg/l
4 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 150 mg/l
5 Total Suspended Solid (TSS) 200 mg/l
6 Total Dissolved Solids 3500 mg/l
7 Grease and Oil 10 mg/l
8 Phenolic compounds (as phenol) 0.1 mg/l
9 Ammonia 40 mg/l
10 Chlorine 1.0 mg/l
11 Chloride 1000.0 mg/l
12 Sulphate 600 mg/l
13 Manganese 1.5 mg/l
14 Fluoride 10 mg/l
15 Cyanide (as CN’) total 1.0 mg/l
16 An-ionic detergents (as MB As) 20 mg/l
17 Sulphide (S-2) 1.0 mg/l
18 Pesticides 0.15 mg/l
19 Cadmium 0.1 mg/l
20 Chromium trivalent and hexavalent 1.0 mg/l
21 Copper 1.0 mg/l
22 Lead 0.5 mg/l
23 Mercury 0.01 mg/l
24 Selenium 0.5 mg/l
25 Nickel 1.0 mg/l
26 Silver 1.0 mg/l
27 Total Toxic metals 2.0 mg/l
28 Zinc 5.0 mg/l
29 Arsenic 1.0 mg/l
30 Barium 1.5 mg/l
31 Iron 8.0 mg/l
32 Boron 6.0 mg/l
2‐7
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
Table – 2.2: National Environmental Quality Standards for Gaseous Emission (mg/Nm3, Unless Otherwise Defined)
Sr. No.
Parameter Source of Emission Existing Standards
Revised Standards
1 2 3 4 5
1. Smoke Smoke Opacity not to exceed 40% or 2
Ringlemann
Scale
40% or 2
Ringlemann
Scale or equivalent
smoke number
2. Particulate
Matter
(I)
(a) Boilers and Furnaces
(i) Oil fired
(ii) Coal fired
(iii) Cement Kilns
(b) Grinding, crushing, clinker
coolers and Related
processes, Metallurgical
Processes, converter, blast
furnaces and cupolas.
300
500
200
500
300
500
200
500
3. Hydrogen
Chloride
Any 400 400
4. Chlorine Any 150 150
5. Hydrogen
Fluoride
Any 150 150
6. Hydrogen
Sulphide
Any 10 10
7. Sulphur Oxide (2) (3)
Sulfuric acid/ Sulphonic acid
plants
Other plants except power
plants operating on oil and
coal
400
1700
8. Carbon
Monoxide
Any 800 800
9. Lead Any 50 50
10. Mercury Any 10 10
11. Cadmium Any 20 20
2‐8
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
12. Arsenic Any 20 20
13. Copper Any 50 50
14. Antimony Any 20 20
15. Zinc Any 200 200
16. Oxides of
Nitrogen
(3)
Nitric acid manufacturing unit.
Other plants except power
plants operating on oil or coal:
Gas fired
Oil fired
Coal fired
400
-
-
400
600
1200
Explanations:-
1. Based on the assumption that the size of the particulate is 10 micron or more.
2. Based on 1 percent sulphur content in fuel. Higher content of Sulphur will case
standards to be pro-rated.
3. In respect of emissions of sulphur dioxide Nitrogen oxides, the power plants operating
on oil and coal as fuel shall in addition to National Environmental Quality Standards
(NEQS) specified above, comply with the following standards.
Table - 2.3: NEQS, 2009 for Vehicular Emission
Sr. No.
Parameter Standard (Maximum permissible Limit)
Measuring Method
Applicability
1 Smoke 40% or 2 on the
Ringlemann Scale
during engine
acceleration mode.
To be compared
with Ringlemann
Chart at a distance
of 6 meters or more
Immediate effect
2 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 6% Under idling
condition: Non-
dispersive infrared
detection through
gas analyzer.
2‐9
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
3 Noise 85 dB(A) Sound Meter at 7.5
meters from the
source
Table - 2.4: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS, 2010) for Noise
Effective from 1st July,
2010 Effective from 1st July,
2013
Limit in dB (A) Leq*
Sr. No.
Category of Area / Zone
Daytime Night-time Daytime Night-time
1 Residential Area (A) 65 50 55 45
2 Commercial Area (B) 70 60 65 55
3 Industrial Area (C) 80 75 75 65
4 Silence Zone (D) 55 45 50 45
Note: 1. Daytime hours: 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.
2. Night-time hours: 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.
3. Silence Zone: Zones which are declared as such by the competent authority.
An area comprising not less than 100 meters round hospitals, educational
institutions and courts.
4. Mixed categories of areas may be decided as one of the four above
mentioned categories by the competent authority.
*dB (A) Leq: Time weighted average of the level of sound in scale “A” which is
relatable to human hearing.
Table – 2.5: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS, 2010) for
Drinking Water
Sr. No.
Properties/Parameters Standard Values for Pakistan
WHO Standards Remarks
BACTERIAL
1 All water is intended for
drinking (E.Coli or
Thermotolerant Coliform
Must not be
detectable in any
100ml sample
Must not be
detectable in any
100ml sample
Most Asian Countries
also follow WHO
Standards
2‐10
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
Sr. No.
Properties/Parameters Standard Values for Pakistan
WHO Standards Remarks
bacteria)
2 Treated water entering the
distribution system (E.Coli
or Thermotolerant Coliform
and total Coliform bacteria)
Must not be
detectable in any
100ml sample
Must not be
detectable in any
100ml sample
Most Asian Countries
also follow WHO
Standards
3 Treated water entering the
distribution system (E.Coli
or Thermotolerant Coliform
and total Coliform bacteria)
Must not be
detectable in any
100ml sample. In
case of large
supplies, where
sufficient samples
are examined, must
not be present in
95% of the samples
taken throughout
any 12-month
period.
Must not be
detectable in any
100ml sample. In
case of large
supplies, where
sufficient samples
are examined, must
not be present in
95% of the samples
taken throughout
any 12-month
period.
Most Asian Countries
also follow WHO
Standards
PHYSICAL
4 Colour ≤15 TCU ≤15 TCU
5 Taste Non
Objectionable/
Acceptable
Non
Objectionable/
Acceptable
6 Odour Non
Objectionable/
Acceptable
Non
Objectionable/
Acceptable
7 Turbidity <5 NTU <5 NTU
8 Total hardness as CaCO3 <500mg/l ---
9 TDS <1000 <1000
10 pH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5
RADIOACTIVE
11 Alpha Emitters bq/L or pCi 0.1 0.1
12 Beta Emitters 01 01
CHEMICAL
Essential Inorganics mg/litre mg/litre
2‐11
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
Sr. No.
Properties/Parameters Standard Values for Pakistan
WHO Standards Remarks
13 Aluminum (Al) mg/l ≤0.2 0.02
14 Antimony (Sb) ≤0.005 0.02
15 Arsenic (As) ≤0.05 0.01 Standard for Pakistan
similar to most Asian
developing Countries
16 Barium (Ba) 0.7 0.7
17 Boron (B) 0.3 0.3
18 Cadmium (Cd) 0.01 0.003 Standard for Pakistan
similar to most Asian
developing Countries
19 Chloride (Cl) <250 250
20 Chromium (Cr) ≤0.05 0.05
21 Copper (Cu) 2 2
Toxic Inorganics mg/litre mg/litre
22 Cyanide (CN) ≤0.05 0.07 Standard for Pakistan
similar to most Asian
developing Countries
23 Fluoride (F) ≤1.5 1.5
24 Lead (Pb) ≤0.05 0.01 Standard for Pakistan
similar to most Asian
developing Countries
25 Manganese (Mn) ≤0.5 0.5
26 Mercury (Hg) ≤0.001 0.001
27 Nickel (Ni) ≤0.02 0.02
28 Nitrate (NO3) ≤50 50
29 Nitrite (NO2) ≤3 3
30 Selenium (Se) 0.01 0.01
31 Residual Chlorine 0.2-0.5 at consumer
end 0.5-1.5 at
source
---
32 Zinc (Zn) 5.0 3 Standard for Pakistan
similar to most Asian
developing Countries
Organics
33 Pesticides
mg/L
--- PSQCA No. 4629-
2004, Page No.4,
Annex-II
2‐12
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
Sr. No.
Properties/Parameters Standard Values for Pakistan
WHO Standards Remarks
Table No. 3, Serial
No. 20-58 may be
consulted
34 Phenolic Compounds (as
Phenols) mg/L
--- ≤0.002
35 Poly nuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (as PAH) g/L
0.01 (By GC/MS
method)
***PSQCA: Pakistan Standards Quality Control Authority
Table – 2.6: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS, 2010) for Ambient Air
Concentration in Ambient Air Pollutants Time-weighted average Effective from
1st July 2010 Effective from
1st January 2013
Method of Measurement
Annual
Average*
80µg/m3 80µg/m3Sulphur
Dioxide (SO2)
24 hours** 120µg/m3 120µg/m3
Ultraviolet
Fluorescence Method
Annual
Average*
40µg/m3 40µg/m3Oxides of
Nitrogen as
(NO) 24 hours** 40µg/m3 40µg/m3
Gas Phase
Chemiluminescence
Annual
Average*
40µg/m3 40µg/m3Oxides of
Nitrogen as
(NO2) 24 hours** 80µg/m3 80µg/m3
Gas Phase
Chemiluminescence
Ozone (O3) 1 hour 180µg/m3 130µg/m3 Non disperse UV
absorption method
Annual
Average*
400µg/m3 360µg/m3Suspended
Particulate
Matter (SPM) 24 hours** 550µg/m3 500µg/m3
High Volume
Sampling, (Average
flow rate not less than
1.1m3/minute)
Annual
Average*
200µg/m3 120µg/m3Respire able
Particulate
Matter (PM10) 24 hours** 250µg/m3 150µg/m3
ß-Ray Absorption
Method
Respire able
Particulate
Annual
Average*
25µg/m3 15µg/m3 ß-Ray Absorption
Method
2‐13
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
24 hours** 40µg/m3 35µg/m3Matter (PM25)
1 hour 25µg/m3 15µg/m3
Annual
Average*
1.5µg/m3 1µg/m3Lead (Pb)
24 hours** 2µg/m3 1.5µg/m3
AAS Method after
sampling using EPM
2000 or equivalent
Filter paper
8 hours** 5µg/m3 5µg/m3Carbon
Monoxide
(CO) 1 hour 10µg/m3 10µg/m3
Non Dispersive
Infrared (NDIR)
method
*Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly
at uniform intervals.
**24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% in a year. 2% of the time, it may exceed but not
on two consecutive days.
2.8 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
Pakistan is signatory to a number of International Conventions, Protocols and
Understandings relating to the environment. Those relevant to the project are
described in the following paragraphs.
• Convention on Biological Diversity The Convention of Biological Diversity was the outcome of the “Earth Summit” held in
Rio de-Janeiro in 1992. The Convention binds the signatories to respect, protect and
conserve the earth environment and bio-diversity through sustainable use of natural
resources. In all development projects in Pakistan the protocols of this convention
are respected in letter and spirit.
• Ramsar Convention The Convention on Wetland of International Importance, especially on Waterfowl
Habitats held in Iran in 1972 at village Ramsar in Iran, places an obligation on the
signatories to protect habitats of migratory waterfowl. There is no notified Ramsar
site within the project area and AOI of the project.
• Bonn Convention The Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals was held in
Bonn in 1979. The Convention broadens the scope of Ramsar to include migratory
species other than water fowl. Not being a Ramsar site, this protocol is not obligatory
2‐14
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
for new project. But it will be respected during construction phase to the extent that
no damage is caused to habitat of any species.
2‐15
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
3. 0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3.1 GENERAL
The project will involve construction of new Grid Sub-station of 220 kV adjacent to
Mansehra city that is located in Mansehra District, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province
of Pakistan. It is very near to Abbottabad city. It is a major stop for tourists on
the Karakoram Highway which leads to China. It is also a major transit point to the
northern areas and locations such as the Kaghan Valley, Naran, Shogran, Lake
Saiful Mulook and Babusar Top.
The nearest settlement to the proposed Grid Sub station is Debgran Village
with total population of about 1400-1600 approximately at a distance of 1 km
from GS.
There are small villages near the proposed Grid sub station i.e. Debgran,
Sheikhabad, Baidran, Jailo, Shahelia but they are generally about 500 m to 4 km
away from the proposed project. Figure 1.2 presents the location of the proposed 220
kV sub station (N34o 20’ 8”, S 73o 9’ 8”).
3.2 220 KV GRID SUBSTATION LOCATION AND SCALE OF PROJECT
The new sub-station has been proposed at Debgran, district Mansehra. It is
located about 5 km from Mansehra city. The subproject will involve the
construction of a new 220 kV GS at Debgran Mansehra that will be known as
“220 kV Substation Mansehra”.
Depending upon the type of tower and subsoil condition, the tower footings
have variable dimensions. However, a minimum of 225m2 working area will be
required for the excavation of normal foundations and upwards of 400m2 for
the larger angle towers. The depth of excavation for the normal foundation
varies from 12m to 15m. The excavation for tower footing is carried out either
manually or by mechanical excavator as per site requirements.
After fixing steel reinforcements concreting the piles the necessary excavation
ditch is refilled with excavated material and the site is brought to the original
ground level. As such, only four tower pedestals protrude above the ground
3‐1
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
level by about 0.15m for normal foundations and about 1.8m for pile
foundations. Tower erection will be carried out on the concreted pile pad locations with the
help of derrick poles or cranes. The required working area for this activity is
about 2500m2 for each tower. The tower will be erected in panels of 2m to 3m
height. The panels are assembled on the ground, lifted in parts with the help
of derrick poles/crane and then joined together with nuts and bolts, which are
tightened at the specified torque.
Since GS will be located on the main road there will be no problem for the
contractor to transport the material. Similarly, there are, pucca (paved) and
katcha (unpaved) tracks. In aligning the high-voltage transmission line the
design aims to pass through as thinly populated areas as possible. As such,
the accessibility will not be a problem. The contractor will not construct new
ways but use the existing, Pucca (paved) and katcha (unpaved), tracks, to
transport the machinery and construction material.
This will result in very little, if any, damage to the vegetation or disruption in
the vicinity of GS. The proposed project is approachable through a number of
major or minor metalled roads and village tracks. Almost all the village tracks
are linked to the metalled roads and are thus accessible to vehicles. The
contractor is unlikely to need to transport the materials manually. In any event
care will be taken that the disruption to the vegetation is kept to a minimum.
The environmental impacts are likely to be localized near the construction at
site and impacts are reviewed in the environmental impact section of the
report. The impacts will need to be reviewed and amended if necessary when
the detailed designs are available.
The GS construction is within a rural agricultural and cultivated area. The
potential environmentally significant features will be limited to the
construction stage of the proposed project and will be mitigated through
proper implementation of environmental management plan.
The project will not affect any agricultural cultivated fields crops, orchards,
uncultivated land, saline and waterlogged land, scrub forests, barren and
3‐2
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
sandy/rocky areas. However, the disturbance to these areas will be much
localized as most of the construction work will take place at the land acquired
for GS. Further major disturbance outside the RoW should not be significant
if routine environmental management procedures and engineering controls
are implemented thoroughly.
Categorization is based on the most environmentally sensitive component
and Mansehra GS is categorized as a Category “B” sub-project under ADB
requirements and this IEE report is based on that assumption.
The aspects of the project with potential for significant environmental impacts
need to be assessed in detail and environmental assessment has therefore
focused on significant impacts from the construction aspects as well as
consultation with the public near and around the proposed site. This report
has also surveyed the areas near the proposed project site and immediate
hinterland that may be affected by knock on effects from impacts such as
waste disposal.
The project area of influence (AOI) is the area likely to be effected by the
project, including all its ancillary aspects such as power transmission
corridors, pipelines, canals and access roads, borrow & waste disposal sites,
batching plant and labor camp as well as unplanned development induced by
the project.
3.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT Main objectives of the proposed Project are as follows:
• To meet the rapidly growing demand for electrical power in the country
• To construct a new Grid Sub-station of 220 kV at Debgran Mansehra.
• Mitigate any adverse impacts (physical, biological or social). 3.4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
The condition of the power transmission system in Pakistan is inadequate to
meet rapidly growing demand for electrical power. This situation limits
3‐3
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
national development and economic growth. To cater for transmission of
power from power generation facilities under development, the existing
power transmission infrastructure has to be expanded. The overall
contribution of power infrastructure also requires institutional arrangements
and capacity that support strategic management of the sector, and planning
and management of investments. Overall the proposed PTE-MFF facility has
been designed to address investment and institutional aspects in the
electrical power sector.
The 220 kV sub-station has been proposed near Mansehra. Load flow
studies have been carried out for the peak load conditions of August and
September 2012 under normal system conditions with a new 220 kV grid
station. In general, the studies show that with the commissioning of 220 kV
grid station the system will operate within the load and voltage limits and will
ensure the evacuation of power from power generation facilities being added
to the system.
The feasibility study for the subproject was prepared by consultants has
demonstrated the need for the proposed improvements based on electricity
demand and network studies and that significant benefits can accrue in the
form of reduced load on transformers and reduction in transmission line
losses. Thus there is a clear and immediate future need for this subproject.
3‐4
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐1
4.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 4.1 Project Area Introduction:
The proposed project site is located near Mansehra city. Mansehra city is located
at 34°20′N 73°12′E: in Mansehra District, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
It is a major stop for tourists on the Karakoram Highway which leads to China. It is
also a major transit point to the northern areas and locations such as the Kaghan
Valley, Naran, Shogran, Lake Saiful Mulook and Babusar top. It is very near to
Abbottabad city.
4.1.1 General Characteristics of Project Area This Chapter describes the environmental, social and biological baseline conditions of
the project area. The baseline conditions have been established on the basis of the
data collected from the field, secondary data, structured interviews, formal and
informal scoping sessions and group discussions with the communities of various
settlements located along the river and in the vicinity of sites selected for construction
of project components. In addition, information was also gathered from officials of
various departments including departments of Forestry, Wildlife, Agriculture and
Revenue.
The 220 kV Grid Sub Station site is located in Debgran Mansehra on 242 Kanals of
land. The land has already been acquired and is in possession of NTDC since 2008.
It is an agricultural land. Land was lying uncultivated at time of this IEE in October
2011 however; some weeds and rain water was standing in the proposed land.
The Purpose of this chapter is to establish the baseline conditions for the physical,
biological and the social aspects of environment of the project area. The data was
collected regarding the physical environment, biological environment and social
aspects of the study area during stake holder consultation and technical visits
conducted by the environment team
4.1.2 Affected Administrative Units
The land for GS has already been purchased so it will not affect any of the nearby
community. The proposed project activity will indirectly affect some local villages i.e.
Debgran, Sheikhabad, Baidran, Jailo, Shahelia. The lands in the project area are
mainly proprietary and used for cultivation and settlements.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐2
For the purpose of this study the GS has been assumed to affect all the adjacent
local authorities and interviews have been conducted with the public from all along
the project site. In addition to the main villages there are about few isolated houses
and hamlets scattered near the proposed project site.
4.1.3 Land Status in Project Area
Mansehra District is in the Khyber Pakhtun khwa province of Pakistan, an area still
unofficially known as the Northwest Frontier. Mansehra district and town are named
after Man Singh, a leading general of Mughal Emperor Akbar. The Kaghan
Valley area (a popular tourist destination) and the Karakoram Highway pass through
the district. During Bhutto's regime, Mansehra was upgraded to a district, containing
two subdivisions: Mansehra and Batagram. Later, the Mansehra district had
the Balakot subdivision added to it. Bordering districts Mansehra shares its borders
with numerous other districts: the Kohistan and Diamir districts to the
north, Abbottabad District to the south, the Neelum District of Azad Kashmir to the
west, and the Swat district to the east and Batagram District to the northeast
administration.
4.2 Physical Resources
The Purpose of this chapter is to establish the baseline conditions for the physical
aspects of the project area. The data were collected regarding the physical
environment, of the study area during stake holder consultation and technical visits
conducted by the environment team.
4.2.1 Location
Mansehra is located at 34° 14' and 35° 11' north latitudes and 72° 49' and 74° 08'
east longitude. It is bounded in the north by Batagram and Kohistan districts, in the
east by Muzafarabad district of Azad Jamu and Kashmir, in the south by Abbottabad
and Haripur districts and in the west by Swat district
The leading distinctive features of Mansehra are its mountain ranges, the plains, the
valleys and the lakes. The area has been blessed with the rich and harmonious
combination of tall and stately fine trees, high mountains, plains, beautiful valleys and
lakes which make it a heaven of peace. The mountain ranges which enter Mansehra
district from Kashmir are the offshoots of the great Himalayan system. In Kaghan
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐3
valley the mountain system is the highest of the area including the Babusar top. This
range flanks the right bank of the Kunhar, contains a peak (Malika-e-Parbat) of over
17,000 feet, the highest in the district. On the mountains the grasslands are also
found where Gujars and other nomads migrate during summer for grazing their
sheep, goats and other animals. On the northern side there are mountains which are
the extension of the same mountain system as that of Kaghan Mountains. This range
diverges from the eastern side at Musa-ka-Musalla a peak (13,378 feet), which skirt
the northern end of the Bhogarmang and Konsh valleys, and sends down a spur to
divide the two. Here also, like Kaghan, thick forests are found especially on the
higher slopes. Due to extensive exploitation only in unapproachable areas the thick
forests are found.
In the west of the Siran valley the mountain ranges of Richari and Tanglai run
towards the Chuttar plain. This plain is surrounded by the high mountains of Hilkot.
The Batagram valley totally consists of mountains and hills. On the south of Chutter
and Batagram is the Agror valley separated by the Tanglai Mountain from Pakhli
through a gap which is called Sosal Galli. From Agror southward are the Tanawal
Mountains, Bhingra (8,500 feet) being the highest.
Towards the west from Oghi the important Black Mountain range runs northwards.
This area is termed as the tribal area and notorious for the outlaws and criminals.
The mountains are generally covered with forests only on the higher places. From
Mansehra town's westward the area is covered with low lying hills, the Bareri hill
being prominent of them. Plain Tracts: Some plains of Mansehra worth mentioning
are Pakhli, Chuttar, Agror and Mangal. Pakhli tract is 3,000 feet above the sea level,
11 mile from north to south and ten mile from east to west. It is the most fertile and
intensively cultivated plain, especially on the western side and is irrigated by bourns
and nullahs and the Siran River. The Chuttar plain lies on the north of the Pakhli plain
and is 5, 5000 feet above the sea level, smaller in size than the former. The Agror
tract is also popular in the area where rice, barley, wheat, maize and other crops are
cultivated.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐4
4.2.2 Water Resources and Water Quality
Surface Water
The only stream that flows in the middle of Mansehra city is known as Pooth.
It is the main source of water supply in the city. The main water pipeline is
divided at two locations to provide water in the city of Mansehra. This pipeline
is subjected to deterioration that results in supply of polluted water to the
citizens of Mansehra. There was a time when many small streams used to fall
in this stream but today this stream is also receiving sewerage water and solid
waste of the city. The main surface water source near the proposed project
area is the water well in debgran village. The water is pumped from a depth of
36 feet.
Figure 4.1 : Water well in Debgran village
Ground water
Basically, the proposed Project site is 1 km away from Debgran village and
even the whole Mansehra District is devoid of any true ground water aquifer.
This is because of the rocky formation of the area and steep slopes of the
mountains.
The snow melt and rain water seeps into the ground to recharge the local
aquifer of the mountains but reappears at places in the form of springs. The
domestic water requirement of the communities is generally met from the
spring water. It has been observed that the settlements are located where
spring water is available in addition to the availability of level ground for
housing and cultivation. The quality of spring water is reported by locals to be
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐5
good. The water is free from contamination because of filtrating action of the
strata through which it is passing.
In general the waters from river and springs are safe for consumption from
chemical ingredient point of view except that turbidity in river water is high, but
from biological point of view these are unsafe for drinking purposes. Even
spring waters are contaminated with bacteria. The waters would require
appropriate treatment, before these are used for drinking by construction
crew.
The water quality study for project site need to cover the following:
Primary data: collection of statistically valid sample of the water at the project
site and their analysis. Water sampling includes parameters such as pH, Total
Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (D.O), Chlorides, Chlorine,
Turbidity, Temperature, Color, Odor etc and was compared with US-EPA
standard values.
4.2.3 Topography, Geography, Geology, and Soils
The geology of the area may be described as a section of Earth’s Crust coming well
within the area of Himalayan disturbance. The project area is a part of land
formations developed at the foothills of Himalayan Range through tectonic events
subsequent to those that caused building of Himalaya. Both the banks of Siran River
at weir site are almost fully covered with thick alluvial material having terrace
cultivation, cluster of trees at places and natural grass and plants etc. The tunnel will
run across the mountain from right bank of Siran River to a place near village
Granthali located on the right bank of Siran River. The hill slopes are generally
covered with vegetation, comprising cultivated terraces, natural grass, plants and
trees. There are number of major steep gradient nullahs joining Siran River.
Geological conditions at reservoir and powerhouse are almost similar and favourable.
Rocks observed near the proposed project site are Quartzite, and Igneous rock
including Dolerite. The soils of Mansehra District are derived from metamorphic rocks
and silts of Mica Granite. Mostly the mountains are covered with primary soils, except
along the river and nullahs where the beds are almost devoid of soil material
because of steep slopes or the scouring action of the river and nullah flows. The
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐6
texture of the primary soils varies from moderately fine to moderately coarse
depending upon the rock type from which these have developed. The soils of the
raised terraces in floodplains are generally devoid of the stony material whereas the
soils of lower terraces generally contain varied quantities of pebbles, cobbles and
boulders. However, within the flood plains where slopes are milder to nearly level,
deposits of secondary soils are met with. Such areas include Sacha Khurd, Deedal,
Giyar Sacha, Upper bela and Lower bela, Granthali and Kundi Sehri Villages.
4.2.4 Geotechnical Investigation of Proposed Area- Faults of Area
Sub station site is located in Mansehra District is in a zone which is seismically active
due to the Continuing northward drifting of the Indian plate and its subduction under
the Eurasian plate. This tectonic activity has resulted in the production of a crustal
accretion wedge; The Himalayan range is, therefore, evident that the geotectonic of
the whole region is related to the collision of the two plates and subsequent formation
process of the Himalayan ranges. The inter-continental collisions has resulted in
intense deformation with complex folding involving strike-slip and thrust faulting. This
tectonic process is the origin of the seismicity along the Himalayas and in particular
where Northern Pakistan is located. The major regional faults related to the
intercontinental collision and considered to be active and capable of generating
earthquakes, including Main Karakorum Fault (MKF), Main Mantle Thrust (MMT),
Panjal Thrust (PT), Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), and Salt Range Thrust. Substation
in manshera is located near the vicinity of Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Main
Mantle Thrust (MMT).
The geotectonic of the whole region is therefore related to the collision of the Indian
tectonic plate with Eurasian plate and subsequent formation process of the
Himalayan Ranges. This intercontinental collision has resulted in intense deformation
with complex folding involving strike – slip and thrust faulting and crustal thickening
expressed as a series of thrust faults accompanied by a continental subduction
process. This tectonic process is the origin of the seismicity along the Himalayas and
in particular where northern Pakistan and Kashmir are located.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐7
Figure 4.2 Zones of Convergence
4.2.5 Climate and Hydrology Climate:
The climate of the district is warm in summer and cold in winter. Since the altitude of
the district ranges from 2000 to 4500 meters, the winter season remains extremely
cold in the upper half of the district while in the lower half it remains moderate. Snow
fall generally starts by the end of November on the high peaks of the mountains and
descends downwards as the temperature falls further. Snow fall also occurs in the
late February and continues sometimes up to the middle of March after which the
weather becomes pleasant and usually remains mild during the remaining period of
the year. May to August is the summer months. January is the coldest month.
Rainfall is less in the Northern portion of the district.
Rivers and Lakes Siran and Kunhar (Nain Sukh) are well known rivers of the district. The Siran issues
from Panjool and flows through the western plain of Pakhli. Two canals have been
taken out from the Siran River, the upper Siran canal at Dharial and lower Siran
canal at Shinkiari. From Pakhli the Siran runs into the Tanawal hills and joins the
Indus at Tarbela in the North West. Its total course is between 70 to 80 miles, and it
irrigates 6,273 acres of land. The Kunhar bursts out from the lake Lulusar at the head
of Kaghan valley and after a turbulent course of 110 miles falls in the river Jhelum at
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐8
Pattan. Since the land upon its bank is little level therefore, its water is not used for
irrigation purposes. Some other notable bourn and nullahs which flow in district
Mansehra are Pootkattha (Mansehra), Nadi Unhar (Shergarh), Butkus (joins the
Siran near Icharian) and Ichar. There are three beautiful lakes in Mansehra district.
These are encircled by snow clad peaks of the mountain range in the Kaghan valley.
The names of these lakes are Lulusar, Dudupatsar and Saiful Maluk Sar. The former
two lie near Babusar top while the latter one near Naran. The word "sar" is used with
the name of each lake meaning lake. In the summer when the water of these lakes
reflects like a mirror a large number of visitors from different areas of the country
come to watch the enchanting views of these lakes. With Saiful Maluk Sar a legend
of mythical fairy Badri Jamal and Prince Saiful Maluk is associated while Lulu Sar is
the reminiscent of those 55 participants of 1857 war of independence who had been
arrested near Lulu Sar.
Valleys There are many valleys in Mansehra among which the Kaghan valley, Konsh valley,
Agror valley, Bhogarman valley and Pakhal valley are most popular. These large
valleys have, taken together, produced holiday resorts such as the Kaghan valley.
This particularly earned the reputation of having the most enchanting tourist resorts
of Pakistan. Agror is a small valley lying at the foot of Black Mountain and is
separated from Pakhli by the ridge of Tanglai. Konsh and Bhogarmang are also
famous valleys.
Temperature:
Average monthly maximum temperature varies from 14.0o C in January to 35 o C in
June, whereas monthly mean minimum temperature ranges between 2o C in January
to 21 o C in June.
Precipitation
Average annual precipitation of the project area is 1680 mm, most part of which is
received during monsoon moths. Winter rains are received during February to April.
Table below depicts maximum one day rainfall for 31 years (1961 through 2004). The
table shows that minimum one day rainfall was experienced in the year 1973 with the
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐9
figure of 21.60mm. The maximum one day rainfall occurred during the year of 1976
when the precipitation was 193.80 mm
Table 4.1 Maximum & Minimum Annual One day Rainfall
Sr. No. Year Annual One Day Rainfall (mm)
1 1969 44.96
2 1973 21.60
3 1974 74.70
4 1975 72.14
5 1976 193.80
6 1977 114.30
7 1978 68.80
8 1979 68.80
9 1980 69.90
10 1981 52.32
11 1982 56.00
12 1983 104.00
13 1984 73.00
14 1985 94.00
15 1986 89.00
16 1987 55.00
17 1988 48.00
18 1989 75.20
19 1990 86.90
20 1991 92.50
21 1992 102.40
22 1993 89.40
23 1994 79.00
24 1995 100.30
25 1996 93.20
26 1997 87.60
27 1998 101.10
28 2001 109.20
29 2002 114.60
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐10
Graph 4.1 Maximum & Minimum Annual One day Rainfall
Air Quality
The primary factors that determine the air quality of a region are the possible sources
of air pollution, the type and intensity of pollutant emissions, existing levels of air
emissions, and the local meteorological conditions.
Air Quality of Project Area is fine due to absence of any Industry in the project zone.
No significant sources of pollution like Industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, were
observed,
The Air Quality study for the project site needed to cover the following:
30 2003 143.50
31 2004 147.30
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐11
Noise and Vibration
Noise is mainly produced from traffic and different industrial processes. Prolonged
exposure to noise can cause loss in concentration, stress and hearing loss in human
beings. The project area is located in Debgran Mansehra surrounded by steep slopes
having vegetation. There are very few houses located near the sites of project
component. Though the roads are available in the project area but the intensity of
traffic is very low and the level of noise is assumed to be low.
4.3 Ecological resources (flora)
There are no protected forests in or adjacent to the project area. Mansehra District is
rich in natural vegetation. Besides the scattered vegetation in almost entire area, the
hills are covered with forests of broad leaf and pine trees in accordance with the
altitude. Fruit trees are rare, these are generally found in the courtyards of the
farming communities. Most common trees are Drawa, Deodar, Shisham, Pine,
Poplar, Chir, Draic and Bakain. Trees of Apricot, Pear, Peaches, and Apple also exist
According to standard classification of forest types of Pakistan (Champion, Seth and
Khattak 1965) the forests fall under the major type “Montane temperate forests”.
These forests are predominately coniferous with some broad-leaved species. Chir
(Pinus roxburghii) forests form transitional stage between the Montane temperate
and Dry tropical vegetation around about the elevation of 763 and 1830 m. “Chir”
covers small area and is confined to lower limits .On upper limits Chir pine is mixed
with blue pine (Pinus wallichiana.) The dominating species are few forming pure or
mixed associations. The occurrence of species depends upon the aspect, altitude
and local habitat conditions. Abies pindrow in northern aspects or moist slopes, Pinus
wallichiana with Taxus wallichiana as an under storey and occasional Cedrus
deodara on dryer hotter slopes.
The flora of Mansehra is a very interesting study. Due to the diversity of local
topography and climate, particularly of rainfall, the flora varies from place to place.
Tree species are well represented by the deciduous and evergreen types. The
commonest broad leaved trees are walnut, asanthus, eucalyptus, acacia, chestnut,
birth-cherry, yew, barmi, peshor, wild olive, ash, plane tree, alder, Persian lilac, elm,
mulberry, and many species of willow and poplar Birch and occasionally juniper are
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐12
found in the higher parts. Among the conifers there are pine, deodar, blue pine
spruce and silver fir. The best-known forests of pine in Mansehra are the forest of
Batrasi, Jaba, Dadar and Paraziarat. Deodar and blue pine grow in stony slopes like
fir and spruce.
The general vegetation is of the shrub type which includes the shrubs or medium size
trees. The common shrubs and herbs of the area are sanatha, grund, phulah, wild
indigo, valerian, peony, sorrel, timar, phitni, hawthorn, oleaster, wayfaring, barberry,
bamble, kamila and others. In the upper area as the snow melts by the approach of
the spring followed by summer, the whole area gives the appearance of a vast flower
bed, dominated by the number of annual and perennial herbs. Apple, apricot, plum,
fig, pear, wild pear, mango, orange, damson, litchi, and persimmon are worth
mentioning fruit trees of the area. Sunflower, rose, jasmine, jasmine-zambak,
narcissus, tulip, lily, dog violet, brush flax, iris and must-rose are included in the flora
of Mansehra.
Table 4.2 : Flora of Mansehra District
Sr.No. Scientific Name Vernacular Name
1 Pinusroxberghii Pine
2 Dalbergiasisso Shisham
3 Cedrusdeodara Deodar
4 Meleaazedarie Bakain
5 Punicagranatum Daroon
6 Zyziphusjajuba Beri
7 Meliaazedarach Bakain
8 Olea cuspidate Kahu
9 Liriodendron tulipifera Poplar
10 Diospyrosdigyna Persimmon
11 Robiniapseudoacacia Rubania
12 Malusdomestica Apple
13 Prunuspersica Peach
14 Pyrusboissieriana Pear
15 Prunusarmeniaca Apricot
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐13
4.3.1 Major Flora of Project Area
A number of trees are present over the project area. In so called plain areas shade
trees and shrubs are present. Among shade trees Shisham, Deodar and Drawa are
common. While in fruit trees Peach, Pear and Apricot trees have been observed.
Detail of flora in project area is given in table below.
Table 4.3: Flora of Project Area
16 Sect. Juglans. Walnut
17 Acacia nilotica Kikar
18 Malusdomestica Apple
Sr. No. Shade Trees %
1 Shisham 10
2 Deodar 17
3 Drawa 29
4 Pine 10
5 Beeri 5
6 Kikar 3
7 Poplar 10
8 Rubania 5
9 Bakain 12
Fruit Trees %
1 Apple 2
2 Walnut 11
3 Peach 28
4 Pear 24
5 Persimmon 1
6 Apricot 34
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐14
4.3.2 Fauna of the area:
Most of the fauna in the Project area is local or domestic. During winter, however, a
few migratory bird species visit the Project area on route to further south. The Project
area is devoid of any habitat for the migratory species. Some species however, use
local water resources as resting and feeding ground. Bird life is scanty. The birds
such as crow, kite and common sparrow, King Fisher, Monal, Little brown dove can
be seen. The bird population is thin in project area.
Mansehra district sprawling over an area of 4579 sq. km. had been traditionally the
home of variety and plenty from faunistic point of view. The expansion in agricultural
activities has affected the natural habitats of the area. Fisheries:
The fresh water fauna is directly or indirectly dependent on the local rainfall, natural
springs, and mostly the Kunhar and Siran rivers. The Kunhar River abounds in trout
fish, a hot favourite for amateur fishing zeal. A trout fish hatchery has been
esustablished at Shinu (Kaghan) to supplement the fish numbers. China corp. gold
fish, mullah, chukar and eel are found in the Siran.
Birds: In avian fauna are included several species of Herons, Teals, Doves, Cuckoos, Bee
Eaters, Wood Peckers, Larks, Shrikes, Bulbuls, Finches and Wagtails are widely
dispersed in gardens, Cultivated Fields, Streams And Hill Slopes. Swallows, Parrots,
Mainas, Pigeon, Sparrows, Hoopoe, Kingfishers and Crows are also found, while
western horned tragopan, imperial monal pheasant, and kokla pheasant are found
only in hilly areas, whereas black and grey partridges as well as quails are also
common. The birds of prey are shikra, sparrow hawk, owl and several species of
vulture.
Mammals: Mansehra still has varied mammalian fauna despite the fact that the mammals had
the hardest time directly or indirectly through man's persecution. The rhesus
monkeys and the common lungur are dwelling in large numbers. Among the
Carnivorous & Endangered Species: lion and cheetah became extinct while the snow leopard and leopard are endangered
species. The snow leopard moves up and down the mountains with its favourite prey
like markhor. The other animals found in Mansehra are Wolf, Red Fox, Black and
Brown Bears, Jackal, Leopard, Leopard Cat, Himalayan Lynx, Mongoose, Musk
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐15
Deer, Grey Goral and Ibex. The pet animals are Camel, Buffalo, Cow, Horse,
Donkey, Sheep and Goat.
Table 4.4 : Fauna of Project Area
Sr.No. Scientific Name Local Name
1 Caprefalconeri Markhur
2 Porous impejanus Monal
3 OvisOrientalis Urial
4 Selenaretos,thibetanus Himalyanbear
5 Pantherapardus Leopard
6 S.senegalensis Little brown dove
7 Canis lupus pallipes Wolf
8 Rhesus Monkey Maacamulatta
9 Vulpesbengalensis Fox
10 Streptopeliachinensis Spotted dove
11 Coraciiformes King fisher
12 Felissilvestris Wild cat
13 Sylvilagusbrasiliensis Forest rabbit
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐16
Table 4.5: Domestic Fauna of Project Area
Sr.No. Scientific Name Local Name
1 Anoaspp Buffalo
2 Caprahircus Goat
3 Equusasinus Donkey
4 EquusCahallus Horse
5 Equusspp Mule
6 Canisspp Dog
7 Gallus domesticus Domestic Chicken
8 Columbia livia Pigeon
Mansehra Wild life Division
Mansehra Wildlife Division is comprised of two Districts i.e. Mansehra and Batagram
having five number of Tehsils and seventy eight Number of union councils (58 U.C in
Mansehra District and 20 U.C in Battagram District).Total population of District
Mansehra is 160,0000 whereas that of Battagram is 477,000 .Total area of
Mansehra Wildlife Division is approximately 5880 square kilometer ( Area of District
Mansehra is 4579 sq km and That of District Batagram is 1301sq. Km) .Out of this
total area only one tenth is forested area which comprises of various categories of
forests like protected forests reserved forests, Guzara/community forests and
resumed lands. Mansehra Wildlife Division is famous for its beautiful mountains, thick
forests, fertile lands and enchanting streams. Most of the population is rural and is
dependent upon natural resources for livelihood. There are number of game reserve
in Mansehra i.e Jallo, Lassan Thukral, Sheikhabad and kareer etc.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐17
4.4 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Agriculture
The lack of irrigation facilities in the district has affected the productivity of the soil in
spite of its fertility. Total area of the district is 10, 67,291 acres out of which 2, 58, 999
acres is cultivated and 8, 08,292 acres is uncultivated. Irrigated land is 48, 571 acres
only. Thus the land proves not much productive. Cultivation mainly depends on
seasonal rainfall. The soil of Pakhli plain is very fertile and productive due to irrigation
facilities. The mentionable crops of Mansehra are wheat, maize, rice, tobacco
rapeseed and mustard, barley and fodder, vegetables, soybeans and pulses. Tea
growing experiments have also been made at Shinkiari, Baffa and Ichrian due to a
suitable climate and congenial condition. These experiments have proved successful.
Fruit orchards are also a source of income. Large number of people earns their
livelihood through agriculture.
4.5 Protected areas / National sanctuaries Important & Historical Places: There are a number of important and historical places in Mansehra. Kaghan is
famous for its pleasant climate in summer when tourists come to watch its beautiful
views. Then comes Balakot, which has a great significance in the history of Hazara
with special reference of Syed Ahmed Shaheed's movement. The other well-known
villages and towns are Mansehra, Baffa, Shinkiari, Dhodial, Battal, Bhogarmang,
Phulra (chief village of the former Phulra state), Oghi, Shergarh (the summer
headquarters of the former Nawab of Amb), Darband (former centre of Amb state),
Gulibagh (capital of former Pakhli Sarkar), Ghari, Habibullah, Jabori, Chutter, Dadar,
Khaki and Kaladhaka.
A Mansehra district is famous for its game reserves. There are many game reserves
in the district. Following are the closest to the proposed 220 KV grid station:
• Jallo Game Reserve (6 km)
• Sheikhabad Game Reserve (6km)
Ethnic Groups in Project Area:
Project area is home to a diverse group of people including different tribes and clans,
amongst whom Swati are dominant with a percentage of 73.2. Remaining population
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐18
belongs to Yousaf Zia (15%), Tanoli (8.2%), Gujiar (3.1%), Awan (13%) and Quraishi
(2.1%) tribes. Community, as a whole, is socially cohesive with minor conflicts which
are resolved locally by the elders.
Graph 4.2 Percentage Of Different Tribes in Project Area
Source : Associated Consulting Engineers (ACE) Pvt. Ltd)
People:
Mansehra district is inhabited by a large number of tribes as well as khels. The
people are as mixed as the soil. Among them some are the oldest inhabitants while
the other arrived here in different periods of time. The first arrival of the latter group is
dated back to the medieval times. Some invaded this area and settled here while
some others came to seek shelter. In ancient times these people practiced Buddhism
but later on they shifted to Hinduism when it gained power after a long while. In the
medieval period the Muslims introduced Islam to them. The inhabitants of Mansehra
speak Hindko, Pashto, Gojri and Urdu languages. Hindko, Pashto and Gojri are the
local languages while Urdu being the national language is spoken and understood
throughout the district.
Gujars, Tanaolis, Swatis, Awans and Syeds are important and prominent tribes of the
district. Except Awans all of them are politically sound and powerful. Swatis and
Syeds have better economic status while majority of the other tribes have weak
economic standing.In addition to above mentioned tribes Dhunds, Qureshis,
Gukhars, Mughals, Rajputs, Turks, Akhun Khels, Utmanzais, Hassanzais and Nusrat
Khels are worth mentioning tribe and khels in district Mansehra. They live in different
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐19
parts of the district but are small in number.The population of the district according to
the census of 1998 is 11, 52,839. The current growth rate is 2.4%. Density per
square kilometre is 252 persons. The total area of the district is 4,579 square
kilometres. According to the census of 1998, 45.5% of the population is under 15
years of age; 50.6% is between the age groups of 15 and 64 years, while 3.9%
comprises persons of 65 years old and above. Literacy rate is 36.3%.
Language: The main language of the people nearby is hindko , Urdu & Pashto.
Surrounding Villages The rural area surrounding Mansehra city consists of chains of villages that include:
Khawari, Mangloor, lassan thakral gali ,Chitta Batta ,Attar Shesha ,Khwajgan ,Guli
Bagh ,Baffa ,Bhanda Peeraan ,Pakhwal ,Furrukhabad ,Aurangabad ,Behali ,Karer
,Jankiary ,Shargarh ,Khun Tanol ,Doganwab ,Kharyala ,Dhangri ,Hajiabad ,Jaloo
,Labourkot ,Ogra ,Potha ,Hark ,Ghazikot Township Mansehra ,Sufaida ,Hado Bandi
,Maira Amjed Ali. Two main roads lead all the way in to the city, Shinkiari road and
Kashmir road. The Karakoram Highway is just outside the city limits of Mansehra.
Ghazikot Township is a housing colony just outside the city and is famous for its
natural beauty.
Population Of District, Manshera
1998 1981 Total ................ 1,153,000 ................ 770,200 Density ............. 252/sq km ................ 168/ sq km Growth rate .......... 2.40 % ................. 1.20 %
Health Facilities in the Project Area
Though the health facility in the immediate Project area is insufficient Mansehra city
has number of hospitals and basic health units. The people near the project area
have to go to Shinkiari, Mansehra and Dadar for medical treatment.
Table 4.6 : Type & number of health facilities in Mansehra.
Type of health facilities Total No.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
4‐20
(2004)
Combined Military Hospital CMH/ HQH 1 01 01
Hospitals 12
Dispensaries 24
Rural Health Centers 08
Basic Health Units 58 58 58
Civil Dispensaries 21
M.C.H. Centers 03
T.B. / Leprosy Centers 04
Source : www.erra.gov.pk
Education: The proposed project site is located in a province with a literacy rate of 35.41%. In
comparison, Pakistan as a whole has literacy rate of 43.92%, while Islamabad leads
the nation with a 72.4% literacy rate.
Table 4.7 : Education Facilities in Mansehra
Education Facilities 2004-2005
Hazara University 1
Post Graduate Colleges 2
Degree Colleges for Boys 3
Degree Colleges for Girls 1
Higher Secondary Schools for Boys 14
Higher Secondary Schools for Girls 02
High Schools for Boys 79
High Schools for Girls 26
Middle Schools for Boys 122
Middle Schools for Girls 57
Primary Schools for Boys 883
Primary Schools for Girls 3
Source : www.erra.gov.pk
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
The key function of the analysis of options is to compare feasible alternatives to the
proposed project components including the ‘No project’ situation. The potential
environmental impacts of each alternatives and feasibility of mitigation of these
impacts along with their suitability under local conditions are also compared. The
following options/alternatives were analyzed for the assessment of strengths and
weaknesses of the proposed project:
• No project option/ Do nothing scenario/worst scenario option
• Alternative construction methods
• Alternative geometry:
• Option of employing outside labour instead of local labour
The construction of “220 kV Grid Sub-Station Mansehra” will contribute to the
improvement of the overall performance of the power transmission sector, improving
transmission efficiency, by widening access to power to drive economic
opportunities. The beneficiaries of the Project will be people, companies, and
government and non-government agencies in Pakistan that use power transmission
services. Power users will benefit in terms of secure power and improved power
safety and potentially increased productivity
5.1 NO PROJECT OPTION/WORST SCENARIO OPTION
(a) Analysis
• Strength and opportunities If the Project is not taken up at all, then all the efforts and investments shall be saved
and these will become available for other developmental project. Land Acquisition,
Resettlement and biodiversity issues can be avoided and aesthetic of the area can be
conserved.
Furthermore, the cost of the construction and operational expenses would be avoided.
5‐1
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
• Weaknesses and Threats Predictions and studies (load flow studies) have indicated that, without Tranche-3
power transmission subproject, supply will not be as reliable as with the project. The
power from power generation facilities under development will also not be available
to the load centers. The project is also a part of an overall strategic improvement to
the system.
In absence of the subproject, the potential for interruptions to power supply will
increase and socio-economic development of the provinces could be affected in the
short to medium term. In an un-enhanced state the potential for interruptions to
supply and increased wear and tear on equipment (transformers etc) will be
enhanced. This will also raise costs due to repairs and spare parts, time (man-hour
loss) increased maintenance, etc. In the short and medium term the power program
would improve and provide more additional or incremental supplies and also provide
reliable access to secure power.
(b) Conclusion
For this proposal, the weaknesses and threats outweigh the strengths and
opportunities. Therefore, No Project option, possessing the potentials of worst scenario
is not recommended.
5.2 ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION METHODS: Analysis
The feasibility and constructability of GS and installation of equipment is well
practiced in the international context. The process basically includes the
transportation of equipment to site and the assembly of pre-fabricated units’ in-situ.
Thus the impacts from construction are very manageable from the environmental
viewpoint.
5.3 ALTERNATIVE GEOMETRY:
(a) Analysis
The engineering of the sub project has been done and under the process of
approval. During preparation of detailed design of 220 kV GS efforts will be made to
5‐2
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
avoid the any significant impacts of the proposed project on local villages. The
proposed construction will be carried within the proposed substation boundary and
will not cross rural areas and agricultural land.
The extent of land acquisition is presently anticipated to be minimal and none of the
land will be acquired now for GS as land is already under the possession of NTDC.
The consultants are informed that all GS works will be completed within the proposed
sub station boundary and further land acquisition for the GS will not be needed.
5.4 OPTION OF EMPLOYING OUTSIDE LABOUR INSTEAD OF LOCAL LABOUR
(a) Analysis
• Strength and opportunities
More efficient, more dependable and well trained man power will be available. The local
communities, thus, will not be able to exert undue pressures on the Contractor or the
project. The outside labour will set model for the untrained local labour which may
improve. Spending in the local market by the outside labour will bring additional benefits
to local economy.
• Weaknesses and Threats Bringing outside labour will take away the economic benefit from the local communities
and the local communities will not develop a sense of “ownership” for the project. The
project objectives of poverty alleviation, social uplift and capacity building shall be
defeated. A massive social problem shall be created.
(b) Conclusion
In case the labour is brought in from outside, the social losses will be much higher than
the economic gains. However ergonomic limitations may necessitate bringing in small
percentage of outside manpower especially at the skilled level. But, as far as possible,
the local human resource shall have to be preferred.
5‐3
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
5.5 SUMMARY OF ALTERNATIVES 1. No project option/worst scenario option is not recommended
2. The construction of “220 kV Grid Sub-Station Mansehra” will contribute to the
improvement of the overall performance of the power transmission sector and
ultimately meet the rapidly growing demand of energy.
3. Maximum local manpower should be employed on the project.
5.6 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION The Project Proponent (NTDC) plans to have this Subproject to be completed by mid
to late 2013. The details for the implementation of the subproject are in development.
There will not be any significant land acquisition or compensation process except for
the land that is already acquired by NTDC, for the construction of 220 KV GS.
Detailed design of the power transmission arrangements, access, review of
environmental management (only if there are changes made to approved line route)
and construction processes will need to be completed in about six months. When the
detailed designs are completed, tendering and award of contract will take place over
about three to six months. The construction period will follow and best estimates
indicate 30 months to 36 months.
5‐4
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 KV Grid station Mansehra IEE Report
6‐1
6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE
This section describes the outcome of the public consultation sessions held with different stakeholders/groups that may be impacted by the project. The consultation process was carried out in accordance with the) Asian Development Bank’s Safe Guard Policy Statement (ADB SPS 2009). The process of the public consultation proceeded as follows: -
Meetings with regional and local officers of NTDC Semi-structured interaction held with communities located near and around
Mansehra Grid Station.
The public consultation (PC) process with various stakeholders has been
approached so as to involve public and other stakeholders from the earliest stages.
Public consultation has taken place during the planning and design and viewpoints of
the stakeholders have been taken into account and their concerns and suggestions
for possible improvements have been included where appropriate. Much of the PC
process to date has revolved around concerns for the mitigation of construction
impacts and the possible side effects from the proximity of GS.
There is also ongoing consultation for land acquisition and resettlement (LARP) and
the completion of the Resettlement Plan (RP) will be documented separately. It is
expected that this process will continue through all stages of the subproject in order
to accommodate stakeholders' aspirations and to orient the stakeholders positively
towards the project implementation and where possible to harness cooperation over
access issues in order to facilitate timely completion.
The public consultation process has commenced in the initial feasibility stages (prior
to construction) in order to disclose the project information to the stakeholders and
record feedback regarding the proposed project and preferences. The stakeholders
involved in the process were the population likely to be impacted from the proposed
power project; the village leaders, school teachers, district administration.
6.1 CONSULTATION PROCESS Information disclosure and public consultation and discussion with the people of the area have been continuing since the project’s feasibility studies in 2010. This process was intensified during the EIA studies, and separate rounds of public consultations were held as part of the preparation of Land Acquisition Resettlement Action Plan (LARP).
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 KV Grid station Mansehra IEE Report
6‐2
Before and during the project execution, this process will be continued, particularly during the implementation of the EMP and LARP and compensation initiative proposed in LARP and a comprehensive communication strategy will be devised for this purpose.
Prior to the implementation of the consultation, feedback, etc. has been carried out to
support this IEE and recorded. The focus of attention has been the population near
the proposed project that may be affected by the subproject activities. The level of
engagement varied from the stakeholder to stakeholder with some, registering no
major comment but it is noted that none registered any outright opposition to
subproject.
The disclosure of the enhancement project in advance and subsequent consultation
with stake holders has advantages in the environmental assessment and mitigation
of impacts. Public consultation can also provide a conduit for the improvement of the
project implementation to better serve the stakeholders.
The environmental assessment process under the Pakistan Environmental Protection
Act only requires the disclosure to the public after the statutory IEE/EIA has been
accepted by the relevant EPA to be in strict adherence to the rules. In this IEE the
consultation process was performed to satisfy the ADB requirements.
Photos presenting awareness and public consultation campaign are given in
Attachment 5. Surveys were carried out in order to investigate physical,
biological and socio-economic resources falling within the immediate area of
influence of the project. Primary data collection included:
• Land demarcation, measurement and land record collection.
• Pretesting of socioeconomic survey tools in the field.
• Physical measurement of structures falling in the ROW. The semi structured meeting with community representatives held in 2010 and 2011 in and around the project have the following objectives:- :
• Share information with stakeholders on 220 kV GS sub project and expected impacts on aspects of affectees of the Project.
• Understand stakeholders’ concerns regarding various aspects of the Project, including the existing condition of the upgrading requirements, and the likely impact of construction related activities and operation activities;
• Provide an opportunity to the public to influence Project design in a positive manner;
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 KV Grid station Mansehra IEE Report
6‐3
• Obtain local and traditional knowledge, before decision making;
• Increase public confidence about the proponent, reviewers and decision makers;
• Reduce conflict through the early identification of controversial issues, and work through them to find acceptable solutions;
• Create a sense of ownership of the proposal in the mind of the stakeholders; and
• Develop the proposals that are truly sustainable. 6.2 IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS During the field survey, significant efforts were made to identify the possible categories of stakeholders and their stakes. During the field survey different stakeholders identified were the villagers, local residents, government officials, shop owners, public representative, NGO’s and general public. All those stakeholders had different types of stakes according to their professions. Public consultations were carried out in two steps. The first step employed for the consultations carried out during the Environmental and Social Assessment studies was the identification and categorization of the stakeholders. Two types of the stakeholders were identified: the primary stakeholders, who would be directly affected by the project; and the secondary stakeholders, who would be indirectly affected by the project (or who could indirectly affect the project). Subsequent to the stakeholder identification, guidelines and questionnaires were prepared for conducting the focus group discussions/meetings, which were arranged through contacting the key persons from the community, such as, village heads, and patwaris. After completing the preparatory steps described above, the consultations were carried out in the communities. To meaningfully include the women of the area in the consultation process, separate focus group discussions were arranged both during the ESIA and LARP studies. The consultations with the secondary stakeholders were carried out in parallel to the community meetings. These consultations were held with officials and representatives of public and private departments/institutions. The consultation process during the EA studies and preparation of LARP comprised a total of around 110 participants. Table – 6.1 summarizes these meetings
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 KV Grid station Mansehra IEE Report
6‐4
Table – 6.1: Summary of consultation meetings
Round Year Description First & Second October
2011 Meeting with APs, local population and project stakeholders. Meeting with local communities, women of nearby villages and project stakeholders.
Third November 2011
Meeting with residents, APs, women of the adjoining villages and meeting with secondary stake holders.
6.3 CONSULTATION FINDINGS Stakeholder Concerns
Residents did not raise many issues. Exceptions were the importance of providing
information early and well before the start of work, targeting “fair” and “timely”
compensation land acquired land acquired for the proposed project, employment as
laborer during construction, avoiding extensive tree cutting, advance payment should
be made before the project commencement, interested to become guard / chowkidar
(watchman) during implementation of the GS, prompt compensation and less
wastage, payment should be made to the effected person, not to the land owner only,
compensation should be through crossed check, early & fairly compensation
required, need of wide publicity of compensation schedule and employment as
laborer during installation of GS. Women folk did not point out many problems but
their confidence to respond was limited. These remained restricted to mainly 7
issues. The issues raised by women’s groups included
1. minimum wastage of crops & trees,
2. company workers should take care of our culture during Construction of GS
3. fair & timely compensation of land,
4. early information before start of work,
5. employment should be given to local men,
6. company works should not disturb us during field work,
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 KV Grid station Mansehra IEE Report
6‐5
7. project should offer jobs to the affected persons and compensation should be according to shares in crops.
Smaller number of contribution of women folk towards issues/problems of this
subproject were perhaps, due to the fact that construction of 220kV Mansehra Grid
station is localized and within the four walls of the proposed Grid station site. The
community is living far away from the location of the Grid station.
The landowners however, insisted for negotiation on cost of land and asked for fair
and handsome compensation on market rates. The inhabitants near the Grid station
however, expect more stable power supply in the region, with lesser complaints of
load shedding, with the provision of a higher voltage connection. Land acquisition
and resettlement is involved in this project and compensation will be paid to the loss
of crops and trees to the concerned parties/owners in accordance with ADB’s Land
Acquisition and Resettlement Policy.
On the basis of the consultations so far, it appears that the project will have no
insurmountable environmental and social impacts but NTDC will make sure that
compensation and assistance amounts are paid properly and that skilled and
unskilled employment will be preferentially given to the affected people (AP) as far as
is reasonably practicable.
All of the above concerns and expectations have been adequately incorporated in the project design in the form of the mitigation measures included in the Environmental Management Plan and LARP and the communities were so informed during the consultation meetings. 6.4 GENDER COMPONENT The consultations identified some potential environmental and social impacts and perceptions of the affected communities. The public consultation in whole of the subproject area resulted in 82 responses from male group and only 28 responses from females in October-November 2011. Overall, the community supported the construction of the Grid station and transmission lines.
• All the above points would be reflected in Social Framework Agreement (SFA) between the local community and the NTDC and when the project is commissioned for construction.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 KV Grid station Mansehra IEE Report
6‐6
6.5 SOCIAL FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT It is the commitment by the project proponent and the local community to work together for the successful completion of the project. It establishes bindings for both parties to minimize possible conflicts. SFA shall be considered as a “follow up” of the public consultation and public hearing (has to be held) and indicates that NTDC and the communities are mutually facilitating the construction process of 220 kV GS sub project. Parties to Agreement SFA will be signed through mutual open consent between the local village leaders and the project proponent. At least two leaders/elders will be chosen from each of the villages situated adjacent to the area where construction activity will be based. These leaders/elders will constitute a villagers committee, which will choose a Chairman among themselves. SFA shall be signed by NTDC Resident Engineer (RE) representing the project proponent and by the Chairman of villagers’ committee representing the local community before two month start of the construction work. Agreement Contents SFA shall be prepared in the form of a legal agreement in Urdu language on a stamp paper to be provided by RE at the project cost. Three copies of the agreement shall be signed by both parties. All the mitigation measures described in EMP which are relevant to SFA shall be included in the agreement. The obligations of the NTDC and those of the community shall be listed clearly. Signed copies of SFA shall be kept by both parties and the Executive Engineer in charge of the 220 kV Grid Station.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 1
7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES
This chapter categorizes the potential impacts of the construction of 220 kV Grid
sub station Debgran Mansehra project on the physical, biological and social
environment of the project area.
This section discusses the location and scale of the potential environmental impacts
of the proposed Project and identifies mitigation measures to prevent or minimize the
impacts in the design, construction and operational phases that are in line with the
recommendations and guidelines in line with ADB SPS 2009.
The construction of the Project will affect some sensitive receivers (SR) that are
present in the vicinity of proposed project site. The social and human impacts to
village life and impacts to social infrastructure have been subjected to the detailed
assessment in the IEE.
The potential environmental impacts in the design, construction and operational
phases are assessed below. Where impacts are significant enough to exceed
accepted environmental standards, mitigation is proposed in order to reduce residual
impact to acceptable levels and achieve the expected outcomes of the project.
7.1 METHODOLOGY In order to assess the type and intensity of impacts of the project, a checklist of potential impacts was developed on basis of the literature review, field surveys, investigations, and stakeholders consultations. The matrix charts the relations between the project components, and the various aspects of the physical, biological and social environment, and on the basis of this identifies the potential impacts associated with each project activity. The check list also characterizes the impacts with respect to their severity, in addition to determining whether the potential impact can be avoided through better project design and planning, or mitigated with the help of appropriate measures to be taken during the project execution. The check list of potential impacts is presented in Table 7.1. The potential impacts thus identified are discussed in the following sections.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 2
7.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT - OVERVIEW The Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study has disclosed that the project is not likely to have any severe negative impacts on the environment and people of the area. All the potential impacts which have been identified during the present assessment are associated with the construction stage of the project, and mild to moderate in severity; and can easily be avoided (through good design and construction planning) or mitigated (through proper implementation of the EMP and LARAP), as shown in Table 7.1. On the other hand, the project will be beneficial; job opportunities particularly for the local population during construction stage and extremely beneficial for meeting the future energy demands. In addition, the social assistance activities at and around the project area will greatly enhance the project benefits for the local communities. Significant social indicators of the project benefits are mentioned below:
• Improvement in infrastructure
• Significant changes in sustainable development;;
• Assurance of better power supply;
7.3 EXPLANATION OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT
7.3.1 DETAILED DESIGN AND PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE
The line alignment of the Project and construction are critical in determining the
environmental impacts and route selection and the related impacts have been
discussed in Chapter 3. There are also a number of other matters that will require
detailed designs that consultant engineers will prepare and it is assumed that the
detailed designs will avoid construction impacts by good design and to minimize
operational environmental pollution impacts as far as practicable. Review of impact
assessment, mitigation and EMP
The EMP will be reviewed during the implementation phase at the detailed design
stage in line with best practice as required by ADB. A check will be made at the
detailed design stage that the alignment has been designed as planned to ensure the
route is as described in the IEE/EIA and the LARP for ADB with the same land
acquisition. If there are changes in project scope or alignment these will be disclosed
to EPA and the IEE/EIA, LARP and EMP will be revised. The revised IEE/EIA, LARP
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 3
and EMP will be resubmitted to ADB, incorporating any recommendations and
requirements from EPA.
7.3.1.1 Social Impacts and Resettlement
The need for social preparation of the APs has been included in the social
assessment. The Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (LARP) will be completed
to clarify the entitlements for resettlement and for compulsory purchase of land and
other matters for compensation. The social preparation will be completed prior to
commencement of construction. All acquisition of lands and monetary compensation
will be completed to minimize the uncertainty of people. All the
payments/entitlements will be paid according to the principles established in the
entitlement matrix prepared as an integral part of the LARP the details of which may
be amended if there are changes in alignment.
7.3.1.2 Project disclosure
The preliminary design will be disclosed to the EPA and public consultations will be
conducted based on the preliminary alignment designs acquired. Environmentally
Responsible Procurement (ERP)
i) Aim to provide some enhancements in line with ADB policy on environmentally
responsible procurement and avoid negative impacts due to unnecessary
removing of trees.
7.3.1.3 Planning for Erosion Control
The designs will provide for redistributing sheet flows from surfaces to reduce erosion
and other impacts. Designs will also include adequate major and minor lead off
drainage facilities to the nearest water courses, as necessary. In order to minimize
and manage hydrologic flow at bridges and culverts during construction a Drainage
Plan will also be prepared by the contractor to control construction runoff and prepare
to prevent flooding.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 4
7.3.1.4 Planning Construction camps
Public consultation has also identified significant concerns about uncontrolled worker
camp operations and stockpiling of construction materials. The sites selected for
worker camps and back up areas for stockpiling materials and equipment will be
planned in advance in consultation with the local community and located to avoid the
most productive agriculture and will use waste/barren land and non-agricultural plots
as far as possible. Construction camps however will be on govt. owned land.
7.3.1.5 Temporary Traffic Management
There are also concerns about blocking existing roads and many other footpaths and
tracks near the project site during construction. Therefore a provisional Temporary
Pedestrian and Traffic Management plan will be prepared by the contractor that can
be updated by the contractors and agreed with ESIC cell one month prior to start of
works.
7.3.1.6 Institutional strengthening and capacity building
The ESIC cell currently has few staff and there will be a need for more human
resources as discussed in the Chapter 5. A substantial amount of training will be
undertaken in order to ensure that the Cell officials are trained to understand how to
apply the EMP.
7.3.1.7 Preparing the Contractor(s) to Address Mitigation Measures
The contractor will be primed by including the EMP and environmental assessments
in the bidding and contract documentation. The contractor(s) will be informed that
they will be required to produce method statements and plans in advance as required
in the EMP for, Temporary Pedestrian and Traffic Management Plan, Drainage Plan,
Erosion Control Plan, Waste Management Plan and Noise and Dust Control Plan,
and a schedule of costs for implementation of mitigation measures.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 5
Table - 7.1: Check list of potential impacts for Construction and Operational Phases
Impact Categorization
Mild Moderate Severe Environmental Aspects (Construction Phase)
* ** *** * ** *** * ** *** 1. Land Resources
1.1 Site for disposal of waste generation anddisposal of waste material
1.2 Location of labor camps, material camps,equipment yards and approach roads
1.3 Access tracks
1.4 Land contamination due to spill oflubricates, fuel, chemicals and otherwaste materials.
1.5 Contamination from diesel and otherspills from construction machinery
1.6 Drainages paths roads crossed.Damages by moving machinery
1.7 Installation of batching plants
1.8 Waste disposal Management
1.9 Agriculture land and crop Damage
1.10 Any discharge or diversion of water to agraveyard or archaeological site
1.11 Electrical and mechanical works
2. Hydrology and Water Resources
2.1 Impact on source of construction water
2.2 Contamination of surface water due todiesel and other fluids spilling over frommachinery.
2.3 Protection of construction work from floods
3. Air Quality and Noise Pollution
3.1 Dust and smoke and other pollutants
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 6
Impact Categorization
Mild Moderate Severe Environmental Aspects (Construction Phase)
* ** *** * ** *** * ** *** from plants and equipments.
3.2 Dust or other pollutant from storedmaterials and spoil heaps
3.3 Smoke from burning of waste materials or burning fire wood
3.4 Noise control from use of old or outdatedmachinery
4. Biological Resource
4.1 Damage to biological resource flora,fauna, biota
4.2 Impact of construction on aquatic life
5. Socioeconomic and Cultural Issues
5.1 Existing services; education health,electricity, and water supply
5.2 Tribal tensions and local rivalries oncanals and aquatic life
5.3 Land ownership and land acquisition
5.4 Access to other construction materials
5.5 Effects on sites of archeological,historical, cultural or religioussignificance
5.6 Public safety at construction sites
5.7 Health and safety of labor andemployees on construction site
5.8 Employment
5.9 HIV/AIDS and other communicablediseases.
5.10 Aesthetic / scenic value
Key: * Avoidable through design (Preventive) ** Mitigation through contractor’s obligation or through SFA
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 7
Impact Categorization
Mild Moderate Severe Environmental Aspects (Construction Phase)
* ** *** * ** *** * ** *** *** Non-reversible permanent change.
7.3.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE The source of the construction impacts will mainly be from removal of structures and vegetation, construction of access, minor earthworks to construct the towers and bases courses, re provisioning and repairing nearby pedestrian tracks. Table 7.1 above provides a schematic presentation of the degree, significance and mitigability of various environmental and social factors at construction and operational phases. This section provides a brief explanation of each factor, also suggesting a line of action towards mitigation measures for the adverse impacts.
o Orientation for Contractor
Prior to the commencement of construction the contractor, all subcontractors and all
his workers will need to be trained on the requirements for environmental
management. In order to ensure that the contractor, subcontractors and workers
understand and have the capacity to implement the environmental requirements and
mitigation measures there will be regular and frequent training sessions and tool-box
talks.
o Advance planning of environmental mitigation measures
The contractor will be required to produce method statements and plans in advance
of commencement of construction as required in the EMP for:
i) Drainage Management plan
ii) Temporary Pedestrian and Traffic Management plan.
iii) Erosion Control and Temporary Drainage Plan
iv) Waste Management plan
v) Material Management Plan
vi) Noise and Dust Control Plan
vii) Safety Plan
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 8
All the above plans will be submitted one month in advance of any construction
activities to ESIC cell to check and agree and verify requirements from EPA have
been complied with.
7.3.2.1 Land Resources
• Waste management and spoil disposal There may be some surplus rock and soil based materials. The waste management plan (WMP) will be required to ensure waste from construction is managed properly and to reduce, reuse and recycle waste wherever possible. The contractor will prepare the WMP one month before the commencement of construction with disposal sites identified for agreement by project supervision consultants (ESIC/NTDC). The WMP will cover all aspects of construction waste disposal. It is preferred that government land is used for dumping of material. If private land is to be used for the purpose of dumping it shall commence only after written permission from the land owner is checked by the ESIC in NTDC Mitigation
The mitigation measures in the waste management plan (WMP) will include but
not necessarily be limited to:
(i) Spoil will not be disposed of in rivers and streams or other natural
drainage path.
(ii) Spoil will not be disposed of on fragile slopes, flood ways, wetland,
farmland, forest, religious or other culturally sensitive areas or areas
where a livelihood is derived.
(iii) Use surplus spoil for local repair works to fill eroded gullies and
depression areas and degraded land in consultation with local
community.
(iv) Dispose of spoil will be to disused quarries and abandoned borrow
pits.
Disposed spoil will be spread in 15cm and compacted to optimum moisture
content, covered with topsoil, landscaped and provided with drainage and
vegetation to prevent erosion following NTDC/GESU guidelines1.
1 Guide to Slope Protection Works–. NTDC GOP 2007.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 9
• Soil erosion and surface runoff
In the construction stages there is the potential for the works to have impact on local
water resources. The works are not close to any major streams and rivers at any
places and there are no crossings of significant tributaries. There are no potentially
major impacts from all the works near the rivers and streams, only one storm water
drain flows adjacent to the boundary wall of a proposed site. The drainage designs
for the Project should be cleared with the local drainage and irrigation authorities
before works commence.
Mitigation
Combinations of alternative methods should be considered including but not
necessarily limited to:
i) schedule work so clearing and grading are done during the time of minimum
rainfall.
ii) clear only areas essential for construction.
iii) locate potential area pollutant sources away from steep slopes, water bodies,
and other critical areas.
iv) route construction traffic to avoid existing works or newly planted vegetation.
v) protect natural vegetation with fencing, tree armoring, and retaining walls or
tree wells.
vi) stockpile topsoil and reapply to re-vegetate the site.
vii) cover and stabilize topsoil stockpiles.
viii) use wind erosion controls.
ix) intercept runoff above disturbed slopes. Convey to permanent channel or storm
drain.
x) on long or steep, disturbed, or man-made slopes, construct benches, terraces,
or ditches at regular intervals to intercept runoff.
xi) use retaining walls.
xii) use check dams.
xiii) Install bioengineering in line with NTDC manuals and seed and fertilize.
xiv) use seeding and mulch/mats.
xv) use turfing.
xvi) use wildflower cover.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 10
Stockpiles should be covered before heavy rain to prevent wash out due to runoff.
Stockpiles should not be located within 20m of water courses and there should be an
intervening vegetated buffer to control any un-expected run-off. As a long-term
benefit of the project, the drainage infrastructure may be able to be modified as water
harvesting structures to collect water for irrigation and other uses and such options
should be discussed and investigated at the detailed design stage.
• Worker camps, maintenance yards and canteens operation
Uncontrolled worker camp operations can cause significant impacts. The sites for
worker camps will be planned in advance in consultation with the local community.
In consultation the public have expressed concerns about nuisances from
construction camps. The main issues of concern are uncontrolled defecation by
construction workers, unmanaged disposal of solid and liquid wastes into
watercourses, natural drains and improper disposal of storm water and black water in
the village areas. The contractors will therefore adopt good management practices to
ensure that fuels and chemicals, raw sewage, wastewater effluent, and construction
debris/scarified material is disposed of under controlled conditions to reduce the risk
of contamination.
Mitigation
Prior to the close out of the Project construction in area the worker camps will be
removed and restored to the original condition as far as is reasonably practicable to
the satisfaction of the and the local authority.
Before construction commences arrangements will be reconfirmed by the
construction contractors and notified to ESIC Cell / NTDC for approval as follows.
i) Confirm location of work camps in consultation with ESIC and local authorities
with location subject to approval by the ESIC. If possible, camps shall not be
located near settlements or near drinking water supply intakes.
ii) Cutting of trees shall be avoided and removal of vegetation shall be
minimized.
iii) Water and sanitary facilities shall be provided for workers and employees.
iv) Construction camps will be established in areas with adequate natural
drainage channels in order to facilitate flow of the treated effluents.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 11
v) Portable lavatories or at least pit latrines will be installed and open defecation
shall be discouraged and prevented by keeping lavatory facilities clean at all
times.
vi) Wastewater effluent from contractors’ workshops and equipment washing-
yards will be passed through gravel/sand beds to remove oil/grease
contaminants before discharging it into natural streams. Oil and grease
residues shall be stored in drums awaiting disposal in line with the agreed
Waste Management Plan.
vii) Predictable wastewater effluent discharges from construction works shall
have the necessary permits from EPA before the works commence.
viii) Solid waste and sewage shall be managed according to the national and local
regulations. As a rule, solid waste must not be dumped, buried or burned at or
near the project site, but shall be disposed of to the nearest site approved by
the local authority.
ix) The Contractor shall organize and maintain a waste separation, collection and
transport system.
x) The Contractor shall document that all liquid and solid hazardous and non-
hazardous waste are separated, collected and disposed of according to the
given requirements and regulations.
xi) At the conclusion of the project, all debris and waste shall be removed. All
temporary structures, including office buildings, shelters and toilets shall be
removed by the contractor and exposed areas shall be planted with suitable
vegetation, to the satisfaction of the and the local authority
xii) The ESIC Cell shall inspect and report that the camp has been vacated and
restored to pre-project conditions as far as is reasonably practicable.
• Soil contamination
Possible contamination of soil may occur from oils and chemicals at workshop areas,
and equipment washing-yards. The contamination may limit the future use of land for
agricultural purposes.
Mitigation
The following practices will be adopted to minimize the risk of soil contamination:
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 12
i) The contractors will be required to instruct and train their workforce in the
storage and handling of materials and chemicals that can potentially cause
soil contamination.
ii) If waste oils or other contaminants are accidentally spilled on open ground the
waste including the top 2cm of any contaminated soil shall be disposed of as
chemical waste to a disposal site acceptable to the NTDC and agreed with
the local authority / community. Debris generated by the dismantling of
existing structures will be recycled subject to the suitability of the material in
line with the MMP.
Solid waste generated during construction and at worker campsites will be properly
treated and safely disposed of only in demarcated waste disposal sites identified and
agreed with the local community.
Control measures for oily residues, lubricants and refueling are prescribed in the
EMP. The maintenance yards that will be created will have dedicated drainage which
can capture run-off. Oily residues and fuel should be captured at source and
refueling and maintenance should take place in dedicated areas away from surface
water resources. With these measures in place no significant impacts should be arise
in construction.
• Contamination from Diesel and other oil spills from Construction machinery At places it may be inevitable and may exceed the maximum permissible limit. In case it is allowed to be as rule rather than an exception, the dumping site will be permanently damaged along with allied physical biological and social losses. This is mitigable through effective application of the maximum spill regulations. “Guide Lines for Oil Spill Waste Minimization and Management issued by International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Associate are as follows:- − Soil contaminated by minor spills/leakages (defined as leaks from vehicles,
machinery, equipment or storage containers such that the area and depth of soil contaminated is less than 10 sq ft and 3 inches respectively) is to scraped and burnt in a burn pit.
− Moderate spills defined as spills of volume less than or equal to 200 liters is to
be contained and controlled using shovels, sands and native soil. These
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 13
equipments and materials are to be made available at camp sites during the operation. The contaminated soil is to be excavated and stored in a burn area lined with an impermeable base. Depending on the volume, the contaminated soil is either disposed-off through by specialized treatment such as bioremediation or through approved contractor.
− Major spills (defined as spills of volume much greater than 200 liters) require
initiation of Emergency Response Procedures and Oil Spill Contingency Plan. These spills are to be handled and controlled according to the Plan and require special treatment such as bioremediation and through approved contractors.
Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to impose strict rules on his workers and labour and ensures that no spill are caused. If it the spills, do take place, it must be followed by he treatment prescribed above as per the degree of spill.
• Damage to, roads, cross drainages by machinery Such a situation can arise through carelessness of the heavy machinery drivers/operators. Such carelessness can cause considerable damage to paths, roads and drainages if the drivers/operators are not made aware, trained and bound to be careful. An effective sinology can reinforce the instructions to drivers. It is a concern of moderate significance but is mitigable through care and regulation.
Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligations to impose strict control over operators and drivers of all types of vehicles. If the damage take place, the contractor must be bound to carry out repair immediately.
• Discharge from unstable slope or leakage on construction Such an impact can destroy the structure leading to unprecedented damage. Though significant, it can be set aside through a careful planning of the work. If such a situation does appear, it becomes highly significant though a mitigable impact.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 14
Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation is not to let such leakage develop. Should such leakage develop, the contractor must remain fully prepared to immediately control the discharge. • Soil Compaction due to labour camps, and machinery yards The human and mechanical activity normally compact the soil and turns it nonproductive.
Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to mitigate the impact of compaction and leave the site almost in the same state in which it is occupied. Pictures of the area should be taken before handing it over to contactor which will help the RE to ensure an acceptable state of soil while getting the area back from the contractor.
7.3.2.2 Hydrology and Water Resources
• Hydrological, drainage and irrigation impacts
The Project will be designed not to interfere with the drainage on adjacent lands and
paths and to prevent soil erosion and retain the existing irrigation system in the
operational phase. However in the construction stages there is the potential for the
works to have impact on local water resources. There is a strom water drain and
drainage channel that cross or are affected by the project. The plans to avoid and
retain such drainage and irrigation works shall be included in the Drainage
Management Plan and the contractors will include plans for any necessary temporary
drains to cater for worst case flow. The designs will also provide for protection of the
works that are in progress and for redistributing flash flows from prepared surfaces
during heavy rain to reduce erosion and other impacts. The contractor(s) will be
required to have a drainage engineer / erosion control officer to check
implementation of the temporary drainage mitigation on site and make modifications
on a daily basis as necessary.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 15
Mitigation
To protect the drainage and irrigation system on surrounding land that may be
affected by construction activities and contractors will incorporate the following
design features to minimize alterations in the surface drainage near the project:
i) Contractors will review the irrigation systems and irrigation structures potentially
affected by construction of the Project. If the irrigation cannot be maintained they
will provide and maintain alternative temporary irrigation structures for the
construction phase. At the completion of construction the contractor(s) will re
provision the irrigation structures disturbed by construction and agree with ESIC
cell if redesign is required or if new structures will be constructed or if the original
irrigation structures will be repaired.
Re provisioned irrigation channels will capable to supply all the fields previously
supplied with at least the volume of water supplied before the construction.
• Water Resources Impacts
It is assumed that ample water will be available and local water resources could be
used as sufficient yield is generally available. However the drainage system and
water resources on surrounding land will be affected by construction activities as
follows: a) local water supplies will need to be tapped to meet campsite and
construction requirements, so bringing project based water use into competition with
local use; b) surface and subsurface water resources in the selected sections could
be contaminated by fuel and chemical spills, or by solid waste and effluents
generated by the kitchens and toilets at construction campsites; c) natural streams
and irrigation channels may become silted by borrow material (earth) in the runoff
from the construction area, workshops and equipment washing-yards.
Mitigation
Measures to mitigate the adverse impact on water resources and surface drainage
patterns have been incorporated into the other drainage mitigation measures. The
contractors will also carry out the following measures to mitigate the impact of
tapping local community water resources, where required:
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 16
i) Availability of water will be assessed to evaluate the impact on community
resources. Project water will be obtained without depleting local village
supplies.
ii) Camps will be located at least 100m away from the nearest local settlement
to prevent the contamination of community-owned water resources.
iii) The contractors will be required to maintain close liaison with local
communities to ensure that any potential conflicts related to common
resource utilization for project purposes are resolved quickly.
iv) Guidelines will be established to minimize the wastage of water during
construction operations and at campsites.
7.3.2.3 Air Quality and Noise Pollution
• Dust and smoke and other pollutants from construction machinery This impact is inevitable, moderately significant but mitigable. Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to keep the dust and smoke low by using machinery which is well maintenance and is almost noiseless. And all Kacha roads and paths are sprinkled with water many times a day.
• Dust control
The location of the residences, temples, schools, hospitals and civic cultural and
other heritage sites has been reviewed above. Some of the residences in the
settlements are close enough to be disturbed by dust. Water is available in the study
area although surplus water may not always be available to suppress dust in the dry
season. Therefore as a general approach it is recommended that if works are within
15m of any sensitive receivers, the contractor should install segregation between the
works at the edge and the sensitive receivers. The segregation should be easily
erectable 2.5m high tarpaulin sheet and designed to retain dust and provide a
temporary visual barrier to the works. Where dust is the major consideration the
barrier can take the form of tarpaulins strung between two poles mounted on a
concrete base. These can be moved along as the work proceeds.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 17
Noise and dust were recognized by the local population as concerns but were
considered to be acceptable nuisances and that there were benefits from future
improved travel conditions. However in the dry season, when most of the
construction will be carried out noise and dust will be significant concerns for the
general public in consultation. Therefore in line with good practice mitigation
measures are proposed to control all dusty materials at source. Also works will not
take place at night.
Mitigations
i) If the working surfaces become dry and dusty, water will be sprinkled on the
and exposed surfaces when work is carried out within 50m of the side SRs.
ii) If works give rise to complaints over dust, the contractor shall investigate the
cause and review and propose alternative mitigation measures before works
recommence.
iii) All heavy equipment and machinery will be fitted in full compliance with the
national and local regulations.
iv) Fuel-efficient and well-maintained haulage trucks will be employed to minimize
exhaust emissions. Smoke belching vehicles and equipment will not be allowed
and will be removed from the project.
v) Vehicles transporting soil, sand and other construction materials will be
covered with tarpaulin sheets to avoid impact from dust. Speeds limits will be
established for vehicles within the works sites and on unpaved edge areas of
the project
• Smoke from burning of waste material or burning firewood
A large number of big and small fires in the labour camp can produce smoke and smog which can cut off visibility, and cause suffocation along with causing diseases of the respiratory tract. Mitigation Contractor’s contractual obligation to use clean and smoke free fuel in the labour camp. Cutting and burning trees/shrubs for fuel shall be prohibited. Instead Gas Cylinders should be used in the labour camp for cooking purposes.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 18
• Noise
Powered mechanical equipment such as generators, excavators, piling rigs,
stabilizers and concrete-mixing plant can generate significant noise and vibration.
Whereas various modern machines are acoustically designed to generate low noise
levels there is not much evidence that acoustically insulated plant is available in
Pakistan. The cumulative effects from several machines can be significant and may
cause significant nuisances.
Mitigations
To minimize impacts the contractors should be required by the Cell to (i) maintain
and service all equipment to minimize noise levels, and (ii) locate equipment to
minimize nuisances and (iv) install acoustic insulation or use portable noise barriers
where practicable to limit noise at sensitive receivers. Insulation should be provided
to minimize noise impacts such that the measured noise at the edge of the works
nearest residential areas will be less than 50 dB(A) Leq during night time (9 p.m. to 6
a.m.) and 75 dB(A) Leq at other times during the day.
There are a few schools near the project. The occasional commercial premises and
some residences are also set back from the likely working areas. Where schools are
nearby, the contractor shall discuss with the ESIC cell and the school principals the
agreed time for operating these machines and completely avoid machine use near
schools during examination times. Where noise is a major consideration (say outside
temples) construction should be avoided at sensitive times. As a fall back option to
control noise, portable barriers can be introduced creased using heavy thick ply-
board or corrugated metal sheet. In addition to the physical effect of mitigating dust
and noise the installation of such measures should be discussed with the local
population and serve as a means for further public consultation during
implementation and assist in public relations.
7.3.2.4 Biological Resources
• Damage to biological resources Flora, Fauna (Biota) No major change is expected in the habitat of the natural flora or fauna. However compensation would be provided for trees, woody & fruit trees and crops.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 19
Mitigation Contractor’s obligation not to cause any additional destruction to Flora and Fauna of the area by respecting the limits of construction site and not to enter other territories. No unauthorized tree or bush cutting should be allowed. Should it be necessary, it should not be done without an express permission of the RE. If the number of trees is above a limit fixed by RE, professional advice should be obtained from local Forest officer.
• Damage to Fisheries The Proposed project will not result in any damage to fish population.
• Impact on migratory birds The project site does not fall on the recognized route of globally recognized migratory water fowl or ducks. However a number of migratory birds do pass this way and stay for wintering in the river side. Since the water: land ratio is not going to change, there shall be no or slight influence of the new foundation on the temporary habitat of the migratory water birds.
Mitigation Contractor’s contractual responsibility to facilities a regular inspection by the Wildlife Department to ensure that the process of construction does not cause any hindrance to the migratory birds.
7.3.2.5 Socioeconomic, Cultural and Archaeological Issues
The socioeconomic cultural and archaeological impacts can be:-
I. Disturbance to existing services: education, health, electricity, water supply or signboards.
II. Aggravation of any disputes on land ownership. III. Aggravation of any tribal tensions and local rivalries on disputes on canal
water on aquatic life. IV. Any need for land acquisition. V. Access to other construction materials.
VI. Adverse effects on known archaeological sites. VII. Dealing with graveyards or burials.
VIII. Problems to Health and Safety of labour and employees on construction work and provision of safety equipment to workers on site.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 20
IX. Employment of locals on the project. X. Possibility of spread of HIV/AIDS amongst the project labour and adjoining
population. XI. Rise in prices of essential commodities.
XII. Gender Issues. XIII. Any spots of religious significance e.g. Mosques, Tombs and Shrines etc.
Mitigation
1. For matters pertaining to social obligation and benefits of the communities, a social Framework Agreement shall be signed by the RE with communities to ensure their participation and full satisfaction in matters pertaining to them. SFA shall be singed when RE is in position and the construction work is about to start.
2. All matters where contractor is involved, these should be made as his contractual obligations.
7.3.2.6 HEALTH & SAFETY
• Safety of the workforce
In order to maintain proper sanitation around construction sites, temporary toilets will
need to be provided. Construction worker camps will not be located in settlement
areas or near sensitive water resources.
The comfort and health of the workforce and surrounding local residents may be
affected to some extent from emissions of dust, noise and construction litter. The
chances of serious injury or accident during the construction activities are moderate
and can be mitigated by safety training and monitoring. Insufficient toilet provisions
may give encouragement to defecation in the open and may increase transfer of
water or air borne diseases. Local labor will be used wherever possible and where
worker camps are needed they will include proper sanitation facilities (at lease pit
latrines and showering facilities).
Existing health services in the localities near the project such as health posts and
clinics have limited resources and may lack sufficient medicines and health
personnel to accommodate any additional patients from the construction workforce.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 21
Therefore in the construction stages the contractor shall provide first aid facilities for
the workers on the and at the worker camps with at least one qualified first-aider.
Enhancements or changes in scope
Opportunities for enhancements (or changes in scope) can be assessed prior to
construction and proposed enhancements will be discussed with the local population
to identify stewardship of any planting and also to serve as a vehicle for further public
consultation at the implementation stage and to assist in public relations.
Where rock based materials, gravels and sands are extracted it is a requirement to
rehabilitate the re-vegetation of these areas with indigenous species and this has
been a concern of local people in the public consultation. Following the completion of
the landscaping will take place and overall the appearance will be improved.
7.3.3 Operational and Management Phase At operational phase the Project Manager shall develop a comprehensive operational and Management Manual and an effective monitoring plan. Mistakes at operational level or handling of operations by untrained staff can prove very risky and costly. Important points to be attended at operational stage are as follows: - • Comprehensive O&M Rules as per ISO standards
• Strict application of prescribed M&E plan
• Continuous evaluation of design efficiencies
• Understanding and training of Operational and Maintenance Manual
• Annual Environmental Audit.
• Regular maintenance of engineering works (mechanical as well as civil).
• Staff Welfare
• Continued Public consultation and feed back on that
• Continued attention towards Gender issues and women consultation
• Refresher Training Courses for operational staff
The project site seeks to provide a buffer distance from the corridor, keeping vehicles
away from sensitive receivers in the operational phase as far as possible. It is difficult
with a project of this magnitude to achieve an alignment that make sure all
residences or commercial premises or schools will far enough away from the project
not to be affected in any way by traffic emissions Therefore air quality will be
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 22
monitored in the operational phase to provide reassurance of the sustainability of the
sub project. NTDC/GoP will also prevent encroachment and enforce the exclusion
zone and preserve the buffer distances to residences within the sub station.
Protection of water resources must also be monitored in the operational phase to
reassure the public that the project does not make any long term impact on the water
quality.
The success of compensatory planting must also be monitored in the operational
phase to reassure relevant authorities that the project impacts have been
successfully mitigated and that the long term impacts on forests are acceptable.
• Success of compensatory planting
To ensure the success of enhancement planting and survival of the planted trees it is
recommended that an audit of the enhancements and other trees and shrubs under
the Project be undertaken by the ESIC after the initial cutting and planting has been
commenced to review conditions and maintain the planted trees
• Encroachment and community awareness
The proposed project will not displace any families located near the project site.
Resettlement and compensation will be dealt with before construction starts. During
the design phase and subsequently in the course of construction and operation
awareness campaigning with the local public will be included in the project and the
ESIC Cell will try to foster public stewardship of the Project to prevent the
encroachment. Any areas where local encroachment into or immediately adjacent to
the project area has taken place will be identified and reported to the ESIC Cell.
Based on the proposed alignments these should not be difficult tasks and this can be
conducted as to minimize adverse impacts and maximize benefits.
The SIA study and LARP will be completed in tandem with this IEE/EIA for the whole
of the project.
7.3.4 Socio-economic Impacts on the overall Project Area
In ultimate analysis the impacts of project on social and economic activities in the Project area will be mostly positive. Salient economic benefits of the project are: -
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
7‐ 23
• Increased economic activity with improved power supply
• With improved economy, there shall be further improvement in service area and opportunities for employment shall improve.
• Employment during construction phase shall employ and train a large number of unemployed youth. They will receive a life time benefit through skill training, capacity building and poverty alleviation. A large number of semi and unskilled workers in the project area will be hired.
• Greater awareness about Health care including HIV/AIDS amongst the labour and the close by community shall be created.
• At micro-level the hustle and bustle of economic activities may bring the cost of living down by making essential commodities available at cheaper rates. This combined with higher incidence of employment will bring the poverty line and crime rate much lower.
However salient adverse impacts shall be: - There is no such irreversible adverse environmental impact of the project but the construction-related impacts such as air pollution, noise and use of community resources can be well mitigated through the proper implementation of the mitigation measures, which have been identified in this report.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐1
8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 8.1 INTRODUCTION This document provides an overall approach for managing and monitoring environment and social related issues and describes the institutional framework and resource allocations proposed by NTDC to implement the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the 220 kV GSS Mansehra. During the IEE/EIA process mitigation measures have been identified to minimize the adverse environmental impacts of the project and keep it within acceptable limits. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been developed to effectively implement the monitoring and mitigation measures identified in the EIA. ADB places strong emphasis on the preparation of EMPs during project processing and on setting out conditions and targets to be met during project implementation. The EMP has been prepared in conformity with Asian Development Bank’s SPS 2009. 8.1.1 Objective of Environmental Management Plan An Environmental Management Plan provides a mechanism to address the adverse environmental impact of a project during its construction, to accelerate project benefits, and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. The objectives of the EMP are to:
• Define the responsibilities of the project proponents, contractors, construction, supervision consultants and environmental monitors;
• Facilitate the implementation of the mitigation measures identified in the EIA;
• Define a monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters;
• Provide a procedure for timely action in the face of unanticipated environmental situation; and
• Identify training, requirements at various levels.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐2
8.1.2 Regulatory Requirements and Applicable Standards 8.1.2.1 National Regulatory Requirements General This section provides an overview of the policy framework and national legislation that applies to the proposed Project. The Project is expected to comply with all national legislations besides Asian Development Bank’s SafeGuard Policy Statement (2009). The IEE has been conducted in pursuance to all relevant Policies, laws and guidelines. These include primarily Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997. Pakistan IEE and EIA review regulations (2000), Safe Guard Policy Statement 2009. Synopses of relevant laws and guidelines are provided in this section. The key regulatory requirements, in the context of environmental protection, applicable to the project under Pakistan legislation are listed in Table-8.1
Table-8.1: Applicable Regulatory Requirements (Environmental)
Instrument Requirement Action Environmental Protection Act of Pakistan, 1997
Makes it mandatory for the project proponents to carry out an environmental impact assessment and incorporate environmental and social mitigation actions as part of the project planning.
An EIA meets the regulatory requirements was prepared by the consultants and submitted to the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in January 2011.
Makes it illegal to discharge any effluent or emission in violation of the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS).
The design specifications of the project ensure that the relevant components will meet this requirement.
Land Acquisition Act, 1984
Makes it mandatory that any land acquisition by the government should follow the process laid out in the act for fairness and
The process of land acquisition and compensation will be governed by the Land Acquisition Act 1894 between the government and the private land owner.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐3
transparency. The resettlement Action Plan will be prepared and implemented well before the start of the construction work. The preparation of the RAP is under process.
Sindh Wildlife Protection, Ordinances Sindh, 1972
Makes it illegal to undertake any project activity inside a protected area (national part, wildlife sanctuary, or game reserve).
There is no protected area near the proposed site.
Antiquities Act, 1975 Makes it illegal to undertake any construction work within 200 ft. (60 m) of a building, site or monument protected under the Act.
No project activity has been planned within 60 m of a protected site. Construction of the structures will be limited within the already acquired land of NTDC. During construction, the Contractors will ensure that the prescribed distance is maintained from the sites in the proximity of the construction site. Not disturbed.
Requires that the Department of Archaeology and Museum, Government of Pakistan should be informed if any archaeological artifact is found during excavation.
The Contractor will be required to stop work if any archaeological artifact is found during construction. The Department of Archaeology and Museum, Government of Pakistan will be contacted for further action.
8.1.2.2 ADB Procedures Requirements on Sector Loan Project In compliance with the ADB Environmental Assessment Guidelines (Manila, 2003), the environmental assessment of sector impacts is required to ensure the cumulative impacts of all the known or unknown subprojects are assessed prior to loan approval. A sector EIA report will be prepared for the Project, which undertakes an assessment of total impact of all subprojects to be financed.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐4
The second challenge for the environmental assessment and review of sector loans is to provide an efficient mechanism for environmental assessment of each subproject. If an environmental assessment is undertaken at the sector level, it should be possible to streamline the environmental assessment of individual subprojects. ADB's requirements for IEE/EIA of sample subprojects are also important. The specific results of the sample IEE/EIAs are very useful in determining the appropriate level of environmental assessment requires for all subprojects to be financed under the loan. Environmental Assessment Requirements The Environmental Assessment is carried & prepared as per the recommended ADB format. ADB requires the EIA for Category A and IEE for Category B Sensitive projects, once prepared, reviewed, accepted and cleared by the ADB staff, and relevant regulatory agencies, be fully disclosed to the public worldwide as well as to the local communities 120 days prior to the Board of Director meeting for review and approval of the projects. All public concerns, queries, comments and objections received within this period should be appropriately and satisfactorily addressed, responded or resolved prior to the Board meeting for final loan approval. 8.1.2.3. Status of Regulatory Clearances
Prior to implementation of the Project NTDC will comply with several environmental
requirements, such as obtaining EPA clearance (“No Objection Certificate”, compiling
acceptable EMP and Clearance Certificate) under section 12 of PEP Act (Guidelines
and Regulations 2000), securing tree removal and replanting permits from the
provincial departments of Forests and Wildlife (Sindh and Punjab) and other
permissions required from other departments including but not necessarily limited to
Provincial Works and Services Department(s), National Highways Authority, Pakistan
Railways and Irrigation Department(s). NTDC will also need to confirm that
contractors and their suppliers have complied with all statutory requirements and
have appropriate and valid licenses and permits for all powered mechanical
equipment, permissions for use of local water supplies in line with the all
environmental requirements (e.g. and local authority conditions).
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐5
An EIA will be submitted by the NTDC to the Pak-EPA. The Pak- EPA will review environmental and social documentation to determine the scope and locations of the hearing(s). According to the regulatory requirements, The EPA has to hold mandatory public hearings for the project and publish a mandatory 30-day Notice for Public Hearing in the national/local papers prior to providing the environmental clearance. EPA will issue NOC only after the successful public hearing. 8.1.3 Components of the EMP The EMP has the following components.
Organizational structure; roles and responsibilities Mitigation Plan Environmental monitoring plan Communication and documentation Environmental training Capacity development Waste Water Management Waste disposal plan
The above mentioned components will be followed in the construction of 220 kV GS Mansehra. These components, as per requirements will be incorporated into various contract documents and agreements needed for the implementation of the project. The components include brief description of the environmental aspects of the project activities, listing of mitigation measures, reporting on types of non-compliance with respect to EIA or Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and EPA conditions of approval expected during implementation of the project, checklists for identification of non-compliances and format for environmental issues tracking report. 8.2. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND RESPONSIBILITIES This section provides institutional arrangements for environmental management during the proposed activity and defines the roles and responsibility of the various Organizations/departments. 8.2.1 Management Approach The responsibilities of different organizations/departments are summarized below:
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐6
8.2.2 Environmental and social impact Cell (ESIC)
As of January 2007, NTDC has created environmental and social impact Cell (ESIC)
under General Manager GSC. Currently there are two environmental staff members
(one Deputy Manager and one Assistant Manager). At this stage staff members and
the consultants are responsible for addressing environmental concerns for the MFF
potentially involving hundreds of kilometers of power transmission lines and GS in
later tranches. Most of the environmental work is delegated to consultants. Whereas
there is a limited level of awareness, NTDC staff needs more training and resources
if they are effectively provide quality control and supervision for the EMP
implementation. Specific areas for immediate attention are in EMP auditing,
environmentally responsible procurement, air, water and noise pollution management
and ecological impact mitigation. It is recommended that an environmental specialist
consultant with 10 years experience covers this aspect full time for at least the first
six months of the MFF project and that on a call off basis with local support those
services are retained for the life of the MFF loan. Any major change in the project
shall be reported to ADB before its execution.
For this subproject and the whole MFF the environmental staff for the project
implementation team has been appointed prior to the outset of the implementation
design stage to ensure compliance with the statutory obligations under the PEP Act.
It is also mentioned that the NTDC process some in house capability such as and
Environmental and Social Cell (presently ESIC is part of the office of Chief Engineer
EVH 2 , this ,however, has been recently changed and the ESIC is placed in the
project Implementation cell under the Office of General Manager Projects , Annex 3
reflects this change in the organizational structure of NTDC related to project
implementation and the environmental and social monitoring and implementation)
and that as soon as possible potentially suitable staff are nominated to be trained
and man the unit at least on an inaugural basis. Due to the lack of in-house
capability, at this point, environmental specialist consultants the project
implementation unit must address all environmental aspects in the detailed design. It
is recommended that the project management unit (PMU) will have one technical
manager (senior environmental specialist) to address all environmental aspects in
the detailed design and contracting stages. In addition, there will be an environmental
specialist(s) to cover the implementation of environmental mitigation measures in the
project packages. Both shall be members of the supervising consultant’s team.
The environmental specialists will:
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐7
• work in the PMU with NTDC to ensure all statutory environmental submissions
under PEP Act and other environmentally related legislation are thoroughly
implemented;
• work in the PMU with NTDC to ensure all environmental requirements and
mitigation measures from the environmental assessment of subprojects are
included in the contract prequalification and bidding documents;
• work with NTDC to execute any additional IEE and IEE requirements needed due
to fine tuning of the subprojects and that environmental performance targets are
included in the contracts prior to project commencement;
• work in the PMU with NTDC to ensure all environmental requirements and
mitigation measures from the IEEs and IEEs and environmental performance
criteria are incorporated in the subproject contracts or variations and that the
EMP is effectively implemented;
• work with management consultant, supervising consultant and contractors to
manage and monitor the implementation of the project EMP.
Overall implementation of the EMP will become NTDC’s responsibility. Other parties
to be involved in implementing the EMP are as follows: 8.2.3 Contractor The contractor responsible for execution of construction activities will be responsible for environmental protection through his/her environmental field staff. The contractor is subject to environmental protection liabilities under environmental laws of the country, project EIA/EMP provisions and under their contract with NTDC. The contractor shall also be responsible for communicating environmental & social information and training of staff in all aspects of the EMP.
8.2.4 Government agencies:
Such as provincial environmental agencies, and bureaus, at the local level, will be
responsible for monitoring the compliance with implementation of environmental
conditions related to statutory approvals of subprojects in their areas.
8.2.5 NTDC Board of Directors: responsible to ensure that sufficient timely
resources are allocated to process the environmental assessments and to monitor
implementation of all construction and operational mitigation measures required to
mitigate environmental impacts.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐8
Considering that other government agencies that need to be involved in
implementing the EMP, training workshops should be conducted at every six months
or twice each year, for the first 2 years (and annually thereafter) to share the
monitoring report on the implementation of the EMP, to share lessons learned in the
implementation and to decide on remedial actions, if unexpected environmental
impacts occur.
8.2.6 Organizational Structure The organizational structure of the Project Management Unit for the construction of 220 kV GS Mansehra Project is shown below in Fig- 8.1. The organization chart for Environment Management/ Monitoring implementation is shown below in Fig-8.2
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐9
Fig - 8.1: Organization structure of PMU
Manager Finance (Vacant)
Manager Environment & Social
Safeguard
Deputy Manager
Procurement (Vacant)
GENERAL MANAGER (Projects)
Deputy Manager Finance (Vacant)
Manager Scheduling &
Coordination (Vacant)
Manager Procurement
(Vacant)
Assistant Manager (Monitoring Control
& Coordination)
Deputy Manager
(Environment)
Assistant Manager
Environment (Vacant)
Assistant Manager Social
Safeguards (Vacant)
Deputy Manager
(Monitoring Control &
Coordination)
Deputy Manager IT (Planning & Scheduling)
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐10
Chief Executive, NTDC
General Manager, Planning (GM Planning)
General Manager, Projects (GM Projects)
General Manager, Grid Station Construction (GM, GSC)
Chief Engineer, EHV-I, Lahore
Chief Engineer, EHV-II, Hyderabad
Project Director, Project
Preparation (PD PPTA)
Project Preparation Consultants (PPTA/BPI)
Project Director
Project Director
Manager, Project Management Unit
(PMU)
Project Management Consultants
Project Implementation
Unit (PIU)
Project Implementation Unit (PIU)
XEN & SDOs XEN & SDOs
Environmental and Social Impacts
Cell (ESIC)
Environmental and Social Monitoring
Consultants
Provincial Boards of Revenue (For Land Acquisition)
Land Acquisition Collector
(LAC)
Land Acquisition Collector
(LAC)
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐11
Fig – 8.2: Organization Chart for Environment Management / monitoring implementation
District LACs, Tehsildars/Patwaris
(For Land Acquisition)
Assistant Land Acquisition
Officer (ALAO)
Assistant Land Acquisition Officer (ALAO)
Tehsildar/Patwari
Affected Households / Communities Tehsildar/Patwari
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐12
8.3. IMPACT ASSESSMENT, MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN This section outlines the potential impact of construction works on the physical, biological, and socioeconomic environment of 220 kV GS sub project. It also provides a corresponding mitigation plan that focuses on countering the project’s adverse environmental effects, and assigns responsibility for implementing these measures. 8.3.1 Mitigation Plan The mitigation plan is a key component of EMP. This section outlines the potential impact of construction works on the physical, biological, and socioeconomic environment and their associated mitigation measures as already identified in IEE report of the construction of 220 kV GS Mansehra. In order to facilitate the implementation of the EMP, during the preparation for the construction phase the future contractors will be prepared to co-operate with ESIC and the local population in the mitigation of impacts. Furthermore, the contractor will be primed through the contract documentation and ready to implement all the mitigation measures and engage trained environmental management staff to audit the effectiveness and review mitigation measures as the project proceeds. It also assigns responsibility for implementing these measures. Now the guidelines for the implementation of mitigation plan indicated in IEE of 220 kV GS Mansehra will cover:
• Lists of only those mitigation measures which will be directly covered by the environmentalist and not those mitigation measures which are covered under civil or mechanical work. .
• The person(s) responsible for ensuring the implementation of the measures
• The parameters to be monitored for the effective implementation of measures
• A time scale for the implementation of measures to ensure that the objectives of mitigation plan are fully met
8.3.2 Management Plan
The effective implementation of the EMP will be audited as part of the mid term
review of loan conditions and the executing agency will be prepared for this. Monthly
monitoring reports will be submitted to ADB every six months on the effectiveness of
the EMP implementation
The details of EMP are given in Table 8.2 in the form of a matrix. The impacts have been classified into those relevant to the design/preparation stage, construction stage and operation and maintenance stage. The matrix provides details of the mitigation measures recommended for each of the identified impacts, approximate location of the mitigation sites, time span of the implementation of mitigation measures, an analysis of the associated costs and the responsibility of the institution.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐13
The responsible parties are specified for the purpose of the implementation and the supervision of the EMP. The matrix is supplemented with a monitoring plan (Table 8.3) for the performance indicators. An estimation of the associated costs for the monitoring is given with the plan including physical mitigation costs as far as these can be estimated at this stage. The EMP has been prepared following the best practices and the ADB SPS 2009. The Environmental management Plan for the activities likely to have a direct impact on the environment is presented in Table – 8.2.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐14
TABLE – 8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
OBJECTIVES MITIGATION MEASURES RECOMMENDED TIMING TO IMPLEMENT MM
LOCATIONS TO IMPLEMENT MM
RESP. IMPMM
RESP MON MM
DESIGN and - PRECONSTRUCTIN STAGE
1. Social Impacts and Resettlement
To ensure that the adverse impacts due to the property acquisition and resettlement are mitigated according to the LARP.
To be completed prior to commencement of construction 1. Social preparation of the APs to be completed prior to commencement of construction. 2. Acquisition of lands completed to minimize the uncertainty of people. 3. Completed implementation of LARP to provide compensation and assistance to the APs. 4. All the payments/entitlements are paid according to the entitlement matrix, which was prepared according to the LARP. 5. All the impacts identified by the EIA were incorporated in to the LARP and relevant entitlements included into the entitlement matrix.
Before the removal of houses and other structures the APs to be given sufficient time with compensation money and assistance to resettle satisfactorily.
Targeted APs and families according to the LAC. The LAC and The Project Staff will prepare an Inventory of Losses (IOL).
NTDC Environmental Specialist
2. Project disclosure
Ensure compliance with statutory requirement of EPA
1. Design all changes in project disclosed to EPA. 2. Ensure all changes in project are included in the EMP. 3. Determine whether changes in project need additional environmental assessment and carry out the environmental assessment , if necessary
Completion of detailed design.
All project alignment.
NTDC ESIC Cell/ Environmental Specialist
3. Environmentally responsible procurement
o Ensure environmentally responsible procurement.
1. Require in procurement specifications that transformers, transformer oil and other equipment are to be free from PCB and other petroleum fractions that may be injurious to environment, human health or equipment.
2. Require new switchgear to be free from
Method statement during contractor selection, prior to contract
ESIC Cell to check contractors Method Statements include resources for mitigation measures during
ESIC Cell. NTDC / Environmental Specialist
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐15
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
OBJECTIVES MITIGATION MEASURES RECOMMENDED TIMING TO IMPLEMENT MM
LOCATIONS TO IMPLEMENT MM
RESP. IMPMM
RESP MON MM
o Look for opportunities to enhance design
o Avoid environmental pollution.
CFCs in procurement specifications. SF6 gas insulated equipment to be effectively leak free with nominal SF6 top up less than 1% per year.
3. Choose non-polluting or enhancing methods. Contractor to submit Method Statement and schedule of environmental mitigation measures in response to EMP with tender. Include enhancements, techniques to reduce impacts.
4. Contractual clauses included to tie the implementation of environmental mitigation measures to a performance bond.
signing. No later than pre-qualification or tender negotiations.
negotiations.
4. Waste disposal
Ensure adequate disposal options for all waste including transformer oil, residually contaminated soils and scrap metal.
1. Create waste management policy and plan to identify sufficient locations for, storage and reuse of transformers and recycling of breaker oils and disposal of transformer oil, residually contaminated soils and scrap metal 2. Safe disposal cost to be included in the contract3. After agreement with local authority, designate disposal sites in the contract and cost unit disposal rates accordingly.
1.Prior to detailed design stage no later than pre-qualification or tender negotiations 2. Include in contract.
Locations approved by local waste disposal authorities.
ESIC Cell with the design consultant.
NTDC
5. Hazardous waste disposal
To ensure safe disposal of hazardous waste in line with best practice.
1. Waste management plan to identify any remaining PCB containing equipment to be replaced and appropriate method for disposal.
During tender preparation. All DISCO substations.
ESIC cell with the Design Consultant
NTDC
6. Noise and air quality mitigation in design.
Plan and design to ensure noise impacts are acceptable in
1. Plan to prevent noise from GSS in the operational phase and conduct consultation with affected communities to determine acceptability criteria for noise.
1. During designing stage no later than pre-
All locations where SRs are within 50m of proposed site
ESIC Cell NTDC / Environmental Specialist
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐16
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
OBJECTIVES MITIGATION MEASURES RECOMMENDED TIMING TO IMPLEMENT MM
LOCATIONS TO IMPLEMENT MM
RESP. IMPMM
RESP MON MM
operational phase.
2. Follow up with detailed acoustic assessment for all residential, school, temple (other sensitive structures) within 50m of GSS. Base on measurement of existing equipment noise. 3. If noise at sensitive receiver exceeds NEQS for noise 2010 [e.g. Leq65db(A)] include design and installation of acoustic insulation measures to control noise at SRs. 4. Consider solid barrier to attenuate noise at schools and hospitals to below accepted criterion. 5. Prepare Air Quality and Noise Control plan for construction stage
qualification or tender negotiations
7. Hydrological Impacts
To minimize hydrological and drainage impacts during constructions.
1. Assess expected hydrologic flow in all areas where it is sensitive, such as for irrigated lands taking into account changes due to climate change as predicted by accredited sources such as OECD. 2. Ensure surface flows are controlled and facilitated through early re-provision of irrigation with appropriate drainage structures in the road base including bridges and culverts. 3. Prepare Drainage Management Plan, to be completed and approved by NTDC in the DDS at least one month prior to construction.
Before the commencement of construction activities/during detailed designing stage.
Considered locations to be as identified in the Detailed Drainage Report.
Contractor NTDC / and ESIC Cell.
8 Temporary drainage and erosion control
1. Prevent runoff and control erosion. 2. Include preliminary designs for Erosion Control in NTDC
1. Identify locations for Erosion Control and Temporary Drainage around GSS. 2. Include designs for EC and TD in contract (s) 3. Agree detailed EC and TD plan with NTDC / ESIC at least one month prior to construction.
1. During first month after contract is signed but before construction. 2. Include in the NTDC
Locations based on drainage where slopes indicate erosion will be a problem based on observation.
Contractor. NTDC / and ESIC Cell.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐17
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
OBJECTIVES MITIGATION MEASURES RECOMMENDED TIMING TO IMPLEMENT MM
LOCATIONS TO IMPLEMENT MM
RESP. IMPMM
RESP MON MM
contract. contract.
9. Planning construction camps and materials management
To plan to minimize the effect of the work camps on the surrounding environment and residents in the area.
1. Plan sites for worker camps and back up areas for stockpiling materials and equipment in advance.
2. Consult local community and locate to use waste/barren land and non-agricultural plots.
3. Agree use of land before construction commences reconfirmed by the Contractor and agreed NTDC / ESIC Cell at least one month prior to construction.
During first month after contract is signed but before construction 2. Include in the NTDC contract.
Locations decided by NTDC / ESIC Cell in consultation with community and the Contractor.
Contractor. NTDC / and ESIC Cell
10.Traffic Condition
Plan to minimize disturbance of traffic
Avoiding blocking existing roads and other access near the works route during construction.
No later than one month after contract award.
Important locations to be identified in EMP. Plans made available to Contractor with tenders.
ESIC Cell. NTDC.
11. Institutional strengthening and capacity building
Prepare ESIC Cell for implementation of EMP.
1. Develop strengthening plan for the environmental management by ESIC Cell as the Project rolls out. 2. Increase staffing of NTDC Cell. 3. Train ESIC Cell officials to apply the EMP and to evaluate the environmental requirements and contractors’ mitigation measures.
As soon as practicable no later than one month before BOT contract award.
Throughout the project
NTDC Environmental Specialist
12. Prepare contractors for implementation of EMP
Full and effective implementation of environmental mitigation measures.
1. Prepare contractors to co-operate with the executing agency, project management, supervising consultants and local population in the mitigation of impacts. Include the approved EIA and the EMP in the contract documentation. 2. Contracts must require full implementation of the EMP 3. Contractor to engage capable and trained
During pre-construction no later than one month after BOT contract award.
Throughout the project
ESIC cell. NTDC / and Environmental Specialist
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐18
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
OBJECTIVES MITIGATION MEASURES RECOMMENDED TIMING TO IMPLEMENT MM
LOCATIONS TO IMPLEMENT MM
RESP. IMPMM
RESP MON MM
environmental management staff to audit the effectiveness and review mitigation measures as project proceeds. 4. The effective implementation of the EMP audited as part of the loan. NTDC to prepare resources to fulfill the requirements of the EMP and EPA guidance on the environmental aspects of road projects
CONSTRUCTION STAGE
1.Orientation for Contractor, and Workers
To ensure that the Contractor, subcontractors and workers understand and have the capacity to ensure that the environmental requirements for mitigation measures are implemented.
1. Conducting special briefing and / or on-site training for the contractors and workers on the environmental requirement of the project. Record attendance and achievement. 2. Conducting special briefing and training for Contractor on the environmental requirement of the project. Record attendance and achievement. 3. Agreement on critical areas to be considered and necessary mitigation measures, among all parties who are involved in project activities. 4. Periodic progress review sessions to be conducted every six months
Induction for all site agents and above before commencement of work. At early stages of construction for all construction employees as far as reasonably practicable.
All staff members in all categories. monthly induction and six month refresher course as necessary until contractors comply / improve
ESIC Cell and Contractor and record details
ESIC Cell to observe and record success
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐19
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
OBJECTIVES MITIGATION MEASURES RECOMMENDED TIMING TO IMPLEMENT MM
LOCATIONS TO IMPLEMENT MM
RESP. IMPMM
RESP MON MM
2. Plans to control environmental and associated impacts
Avoid impacts from unplanned activities by penalizing contractors for not committing to properly planning works.
1. Drainage management plan, 2. Temporary pedestrian and traffic management plan, 3. Erosion control and temporary drainage plan 4. Materials management plan, 5. Waste management plan; 6. Noise and dust control plan, 7. Safety Plan 8. Agreed schedule of costs for environmental mitigation measures (including maintenance where applicable). {N.B. Forest Clearance and compensatory planting plan is by NTDC}
Deliverable in final form to NTDC one month before construction commences for any given stretch.
NTDC proposed project site. Contractor ESIC Cell.
3. Water quality
To prevent adverse water quality impacts due to negligence and ensure unavoidable impacts are managed effectively.
1. Proper construction of TD and EC measures , maintenance and management including training of operators and other workers to avoid pollution of water bodies by the considerate operation of construction machinery and equipment and reporting and feedback by ESIC cell 2. Storage of lubricants, fuels and other hydrocarbons in self-contained dedicated enclosures >50m away from water bodies. 3. No stockpiles next ling to water bodies. 4. Proper disposal of solid waste from construction activities & worker camps. 5. Borrow sites should not be close to sources of drinking water.
Prior to construction, 50m from water bodies Timing will depend on the construction timetable.
Relevant locations are construction within 50m of water body.
Contractor ESIC Cell
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐20
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
OBJECTIVES MITIGATION MEASURES RECOMMENDED TIMING TO IMPLEMENT MM
LOCATIONS TO IMPLEMENT MM
RESP. IMPMM
RESP MON MM
4. Water Resources
To minimize impacts on local water supply caused by construction activities are minimized.
1. Availability of water will be assessed to evaluate the impact on community resources. 2. Project water will be obtained without depleting local village supplies. 3. Camps will be located at least 100m away from the nearest local settlement. 4. The contractors will be required to maintain close liaison with local communities to ensure that any potential conflicts related to common resource utilization for project purposes are resolved quickly. 5. Guidelines will be established to minimize the wastage of water during construction operations and at campsites.
Prior to construction, at all local water supply resources. Timing will depend on the construction timetable.
Relevant locations are all local water supply resources..
Contractor
NTDC and ESIC Cell
5. Spoil disposal and construction waste disposal
To minimize the environmental impacts arising from generation of spoil waste, reuse where possible and provide adequate disposal options for unsuitable soils.
1. Implement Waste Management Plan. 2. Confirm conditions and safety of proposed disposal sites. 3. Confirm amounts of surplus rock based materials that can be reused in the project or by other interested parties for public projects. 4. Confirm sufficient locations in the contract for disposal of at least 4,000,000m3lspoil (or best updated estimate). 5. In contracts specify locations for disposal of all construction waste and spoil at unit rates for re-measurement. 6. used oil and lubricants shall be recovered and reused or removed from the site in full compliance with the national and local regulations. 7 Waste oil must not be burned. – Oil and solid waste disposal location to be agreed with NTDC and local authority.
1. Before construction commences 2. Include in the contract. 3. UPDATE Once a month
Locations approved by ESIC Cell/ local authority. A list of temporary dumping sites to be prepared at the bidding stage for agreement
Contractor. NTDC and ESIC Cell
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐21
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
OBJECTIVES MITIGATION MEASURES RECOMMENDED TIMING TO IMPLEMENT MM
LOCATIONS TO IMPLEMENT MM
RESP. IMPMM
RESP MON MM
8 Open burning is contrary to good environmental practice and will not be allowed.
6. Noise
To minimize noise level increases and ground vibrations during construction operations.
1. Install, maintain and monitor all requisite mitigation as per contract all transformers and machinery shall be fitted with acoustic insulation 2. Hammer-type pile driving operations shall be avoided during nighttime. Well-maintained haulage trucks will be used with speed controls.
Maximum allowable noise levels are 70dB(A)LEQ.
1. Strong follow up from ESIC Cell required to update locations monthly 2. Potential noise impact locations will be within 100m near all settlements and towns.
Contractor. NTDC and ESIC Cell
7. Air quality
To minimize effectively and avoid complaints due to the airborne particulate matter released to the atmosphere.
1. Control all dusty materials at source. 2. Stockpiled soil and sand shall be slightly wetted before loading, particularly in windy conditions. 3. Fuel-efficient and well-maintained haulage trucks shall be employed to minimize exhaust emissions. 4. Vehicles transporting soil, sand and other construction materials shall be covered. Limitations to speeds of such vehicles necessary. Transport through densely populated area should be avoided. 5. Spray bare ground areas with water.
1. Dust control planning will be a line item in the approval of setting up dust producing activities. 2.A schedule of spraying water to be revised monthly
A list of locations to be included in contract and other sensitive areas identified during works
Contractor. NTDC and ESIC Cell
8. Soil Contamination
Avoid soil contamination
Contractors to instruct and train workforce in the storage and handling of materials and chemicals that can potentially cause soil contamination. Accidentally spills on open ground including the top 2cm of any contaminated soil shall be disposed of as chemical waste to a disposal site acceptable to the local authority / community.
Instruct before works commence and throughout all construction works.
NTDC proposed project site. Contractor NTDC and
ESIC Cell
9. Work Camp To ensure that 1. Confirm location of work camps in consultation UPDATE Once Location Map is Contractor NTDC and
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐22
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
OBJECTIVES MITIGATION MEASURES RECOMMENDED TIMING TO IMPLEMENT MM
LOCATIONS TO IMPLEMENT MM
RESP. IMPMM
RESP MON MM
Location and Operation
the operation of work camps does not adversely affect the surrounding environment and residents in the area.
with NTDC and local authorities. Location subject to approval by the NTDC. If possible, camps shall not be located near settlements or near drinking water supply intakes. 2. Water and sanitary facilities shall be provided for workers and employees. 3. Solid waste and sewage shall be managed according to the national and local regulations. As a rule, solid waste must not be dumped, buried or burned at or near the project site, but shall be disposed of to the nearest site approved by the local authority. 4. Portable lavatories or at least pit latrines will be installed and open defecation shall be discouraged and prevented by keeping lavatory facilities clean at all times. 5. The Contractor shall document that all liquid and solid hazardous and non-hazardous waste are segregated, collected and disposed off according to the given requirements and regulations. 6. At the conclusion of the project, all debris and waste shall be removed. All temporary structures, including shelters and toilets shall be removed. 7. Exposed areas shall be planted with suitable vegetation. 8. The ESIC Cells hall inspect and report that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions as far as is reasonably practicable.
a month prepared by the Contractor in tender/ bid documentation.
ESIC Cell
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐23
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
OBJECTIVES MITIGATION MEASURES RECOMMENDED TIMING TO IMPLEMENT MM
LOCATIONS TO IMPLEMENT MM
RESP. IMPMM
RESP MON MM
10. Safety Precautions for Workers
To ensure physical safety of workers
1. Submit Safety Plan one month before commencement of construction. 2. Providing adequate warning signs. 3. Providing every worker with skull guard or hard hat and safety shoes. 4. Establish all relevant safety measures as required by law and good engineering practices. 5. The Contractor shall instruct his workers in health and safety matters, and require the workers to use the provided safety equipment.
During construction
NTDC proposed project site. Contractor NTDC and
ESIC Cell
11. Social Impacts
o To engage local workforce and community in the NTDC Project.
o To encourage local support for the project.
o To ensure minimum impacts to people living close to the proposed project site.
1. Use local labour as far as possible for manual work. 2. Use local educated people for clerical and office work where possible. 3. Encourage monitoring of the project by local village groups. 4. Claims/complaints of the people on construction nuisance/damages close to the project site to be considered and responded to promptly by the Contractor and monitored by NTDC. 5. Quarterly meetings with local VDC for liaison purposes to monitor complaints. 6. Set up or maintain local communication lines via landline or satellite phone.
Claims of APs to be solved as soon as possible Necessary evacuations to be done as when necessary
AA list of current construction areas and planned works to be updated by the Contractor monthly and displayed at local village offices. Special attention to locations of irrigation systems, irrigated terraces and lands damaged due to flood or landslide.
Contractor NTDC and ESIC Cell
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐24
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
OBJECTIVES MITIGATION MEASURES RECOMMENDED TIMING TO IMPLEMENT MM
LOCATIONS TO IMPLEMENT MM
RESP. IMPMM
RESP MON MM
12. Enhancements
To make environmental enhancements and improve appearance close to the proposed project site.
1. Include planting of trees in addition to those removed such as under lines in detailed design for visual interest and amenity.
Before close out of construction in all areas
NTDC proposed project site.. Contractor NTDC and
ESIC Cell
13. Aesthetic/ scenic quality.
To ensure that the construction activities do not affect the aesthetic / scenic value of the area
Carry out complete restoration of the construction sites. Remove all waste, debris, unused construction material, and spoil from the worksites.
After close out of construction at and near the proposed project site
NTDC proposed project site. Contractor NTDC and
ESIC Cell
14. Grievance Redress
To ensure that the stakeholder or affected people’s concerns, complaints and grievances about the project environmental performance will be received recorded and replied in a systematic way
Official in charge of people’s grievance will be designated. A leaflet outlining environmental protection measures and listing grievance contact points will be distributed. Community leaders will be given detailed information on the grievance management process NGOs will be informed in the same manner as the community leaders.
Through out the project
Villages close to NTDC proposed project site. Contractor
NTDC and ESIC Cell Grievance Specialist
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐25
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN
OBJECTIVES MITIGATION MEASURES RECOMMENDED TIMING TO IMPLEMENT MM
LOCATIONS TO IMPLEMENT MM
RESP. IMPMM
RESP MON MM
OPERATIONAL STAGE Environmental Concern Objectives Mitigatory measures recommended Proposed timing Proposed
locations Responsibi
lity
1. Air Quality
To minimize and monitor air pollution and release of greenhouse gasses
1. Before installation of equipment ensure supplied equipment commissioning is free from CFCs as required in procurement specifications.
2. SF6 gas insulated equipment to be effectively leak free with nominal SF6 top up less than 1% per year. Monitor top up of SF6 and report annually
During operation Grid Substation
NTDC and ESIC Cell
2. Encroachment and community awareness
To control encroachment.
1. Maintain and monitor NTDC boundary to prevent encroachment. 2. Involve local community in line monitoring 3. Conduct awareness campaigning with the local public to foster public stewardship of the area around the towers to prevent the encroachment. 4. Patrol and monitor the NTDC proposed project site & involve local groups or an NGO in the protection of the new site. 5. Report any areas of encroachment to the ESIC Cell.
During operation ESIC Cell NTDC
3.Crops and vegetation
Monitor impacts from maintaining tree clearance near GS site
Track growth of large trees under the conductors.
Operational phase
ESIC Cell NTDC and ESIC Cell
Note: DDS=Detailed design stage. Based on EIA/IEE reports to be revised at DDS, RAP, SIA and other engineering considerations may change. EIA=environmental impact Assessment. EMP=, environmental management action plan = environmental management plan, EPA= Environmental protection Agency, TD = Temporary drainage. EC = Erosion control. NGO = non government organization. ADB * = ADB checks that processes have been completed and signed off by NTDC before moving to construction stage.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐26
8.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN This section provides a Monitoring plan that identifies the roles and responsibilities of Project staff involved in environmental and social monitoring, and lists the parameters that will be used in the monitoring process. Table 8.3 presents the Monitoring plan for performance indicator. (Attachment 4) 8.4.1 Objectives The main objectives of the pre-construction and construction phase monitoring plans will be to:
• checking final alignment for design of GS project;
• checking the contractor’s bidding documents, particularly to ensure that all necessary environmental requirements and EMP have been included; and
• checking that the contract documents’ references to environmental mitigation measures requirements have been incorporated as part of contractor’s assignment and tied to payment milestones, and making sure that any advance works (protection of specimen trees and transplantation) are carried out in good time.
• Monitor the actual project impact on physical, biological and socio-economic receptors.
• Recommend mitigation measures for any unexpected impact or where the impact level exceeds that anticipated in the IEE.
• Ensure compliance with legal and community obligations including safety on construction sites.
The main objectives of monitoring during the operation phase will be to:
• Appraise the adequacy of the EIA with respect to the project’s predicted long term impact on the corridor’s physical, biological and socio-economic environment.
• checking for leaks of SF6 at the GS substation and proposing remedial actions to address unexpected impacts.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures proposed in the EMP, and recommend improvements in the EMP, if necessary.
The potential to use local community groups’ contacts for monitoring should be explored as part of the activities in setting up the Environmental and Social Cell which should have regular meetings with the local authorities and NGOs as a matter of good practice and to discuss matters of mutual concern.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐27
Table: 8.3 Monitoring Plan For Performance Indicators
Environmental concern Performance indicator (PI)
Frequency to monitor
Timing to check
PI
Locations to implement PI
Responsible to
implement PI
Cost of
Implementation
Responsible PI super vision
Cost of Supervision
DESIGN and - PRECONSTRUCTION STAGE
1. Review of EMAP EMAP is reviewed
During detailed design (later monthly by Contractor to cover any unidentified impacts)
By completion of detailed design.
NTDC proposed project site.
Contractor Initially NTDC
Cell / later Contractor cost
NTDC, ESIC cell / Environmental Specialist *
ESIC cell staff cost
2. Social Impacts and Resettlement
Inventory of losses, Property acquisition, compensation and resettlement completed to RP requirements.
Completed prior to commencement of construction
Before removal of houses and structures.
APs according to RP & LAFC.
NTDC Cell NTDC Cell staff cost
NTDC / Environmental Specialist *
ESIC cell staff cost
3. Project disclosure Design changes notified
During detailed design by Contractor.
Completion of detailed design.
NTDC proposed project site.
Contractor Contractor cost
NTDC & ESIC cell / Environmental Specialist *
ESIC cell staff cost
4. Environmentally Responsible
Contract follows ADB Guidelines on ERP.
Once, before Contract is
Before Contract
Method Statements
NTDC Project Cell.
Contractor cost
NTDC ESIC cell /
NTDC Cell staff cost
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐28
Environmental concern Performance indicator (PI)
Frequency to monitor
Timing to check
PI
Locations to implement PI
Responsible to
implement PI
Cost of
Implementation
Responsible PI super vision
Cost of Supervision
Procurement. (ERP) Performance bond. Deposited Contractual clauses include implementation of environmental mitigation measures tied to a performance bond.
signed. is signed. include resources for mitigation measures.
Environmental Specialist *.
5. Waste disposal
Disposal options for all waste transformer oil, residually contaminated soils, scrap metal agreed with NTDC and local authority.
Monthly or as required in waste management plan to identify sufficient locations for, storage and reuse of transformers and recycling of breaker oils and disposal of transformer oil, residually contaminated soils and scrap metal 2. Include in
1.Prior to detailed design stage no later than pre-qualification or tender negotiations 2. Include in contract.
Locations approved by local waste disposal authorities.
NTDC cell with the design consultant.
ESIC cell ESIC cell NTDC
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐29
Environmental concern Performance indicator (PI)
Frequency to monitor
Timing to check
PI
Locations to implement PI
Responsible to
implement PI
Cost of
Implementation
Responsible PI super vision
Cost of Supervision
contracts for unit rates for re-measurement for disposal. 3. After agreement with local authority, designate disposal sites in the contract and cost unit disposal rates accordingly.
6. Noise and air quality mitigation in design.
Design changes included in IEE/EIA (supplementary) & EMAP approved by MOEST.
During detailed design by Contractor.
Completion of detailed design.
As defined in IEE/EIA (supplementary) & EMAP.
NTDC Cell / Contractor Contractor cost
NTDC / /Environment specialist
NTDC Cell staff cost
7. Hydrological Impacts Temporary Drainage Management plan.
During detailed design by Contractor and monthly to cover any unidentified impacts
One month before commencement of construction
Considered locations to be as identified in the Detailed Drainage Report.
Contractor Contractor cost NTDC / and NTDC Project Cell.
NTDC Cell staff cost
8. Temporary drainage Erosion Control and During detailed One Strom water Contractor. Contractor cost NTDC / and NTDC Cell
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐30
Environmental concern Performance indicator (PI)
Frequency to monitor
Timing to check
PI
Locations to implement PI
Responsible to
implement PI
Cost of
Implementation
Responsible PI super vision
Cost of Supervision
and erosion control Temporary Drainage completed.
design updated by Contractor monthly to cover any unidentified impacts.
month before construction commences.
drain/any water body where slopes indicate erosion will be a problem.
NTDC Project Cell.
staff cost
9. Planning construction camps
Use of land agreed with surrounding residents & VILLAGEs.
During detailed design updated by Contractor monthly to cover any unidentified impacts.
One month before construction commences.
Locations agreed NTDC cell in consultation with community and the Contractor.
Contractor NTDC Cell facilitates.
Contractor cost NTDC / and NTDC Project Cell.
NTDC Cell staff cost
10.Traffic Condition Temporary Pedestrian and Traffic Management Plan agreed.
During detailed design updated by Contractor monthly to cover any unidentified impacts.
One month before construction commences.
Locations agreed with NTDC cell in consultation with community and the Contractor.
Contractor Contractor cost NTDC / and NTDC Project Cell.
NTDC Cell staff cost
11. Institutional strengthening and capacity building
1. Strengthening plan agreed for NTDC cell. 2. International environment specialist
1. Once, 2. Once 3. Ongoing 4. Ongoing
1. As soon as practicable
Throughout the project
NTDC Project Cell.
NTDC Cell staff cost
NTDC / and / Environmental Specialist.
ADB cost of IES & support for 1 month US$25,000
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐31
Environmental concern Performance indicator (PI)
Frequency to monitor
Timing to check
PI
Locations to implement PI
Responsible to
implement PI
Cost of
Implementation
Responsible PI super vision
Cost of Supervision
(IES) 3. Increase staffing of NTDC Cell. 4. Train NTDC Cell officials.
2, 3, 4. No later than one month before Contract award.
CONSTRUCTION STAGE
1.Orientation for Contractor, and Workers
1. Contractor agreed to provide training to professional staff and workers. 2. Special briefing and training for Contractor completed. 3. Periodic progress review sessions.
1. Once 2. Ongoing 3. Ongoing
1. Before contract is signed 2. Before construction areas are opened up 3. Every six months
All BOT staff members in all categories. monthly induction and six month refresher course
Contractor with IES assistance and record details.
Contractor cost
NTDC and NTDC to observe and record success
NTDC Cell staff cost
2. Plans to control environmental impacts
1. Drainage Management plan 2. Temp. Pedestrian & Traffic Management plan, 3. Erosion Control & Temp. Drainage plan
Deliverable in final form to NTDC cell one month before construction commences for any given
One month before construction commenc
All of NTDC alignment. Contractor Contractor cost NTDC
Project Cell. NTDC Cell staff cost
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐32
Environmental concern Performance indicator (PI)
Frequency to monitor
Timing to check
PI
Locations to implement PI
Responsible to
implement PI
Cost of
Implementation
Responsible PI super vision
Cost of Supervision
4. Materials Management plan, 5. Waste Management plan; 6. Noise and Dust Control plan, 7. Safety Plan 8. Agreed schedule of costs for environmental mitigation.{N.B. Forest Clearance and Compensatory Planting plan is prepared by NTDC cell}
stretch. es.
3. Water quality
Meaningful water quality monitoring during construction within 100m of water body located near proposed project site. Rapid reporting and feedback by NTDC.
Once (line item when opening up construction near water bodies).
During detailed design by Contractor and update to cover any unidentified impacts.
Locations to be provided with the detailed designs
Independent experienced laboratory.
Contractor cost NTDC / NTDC Cell.
NTDC Cell staff cost
4. Water Resources 1. Availability of water acceptable to community. No complaints.
1. Monthly 2. Monthly
Prior to submission of progress
All local water supply resources near the
Contractor Contractor cost NTDC and NTDC Cell
NTDC Cell staff cost
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐33
Environmental concern Performance indicator (PI)
Frequency to monitor
Timing to check
PI
Locations to implement PI
Responsible to
implement PI
Cost of
Implementation
Responsible PI super vision
Cost of Supervision
2. Guidelines established to minimize the water wastage during construction operations and at worker camps.
reports. proposed project site
5. Spoil disposal and construction waste disposal
1. Use of land agreed with surrounding residents & VILLAGEs. 2. Waste Management Plan implemented. 3 No open burning
Monthly (line item when opening up construction).
Prior to construction. Update monthly.
NTDC proposed project site.
Contractor Contractor cost NTDC and NTDC Cell
NTDC Cell staff cost
6. Noise
Noise mitigation measures implemented in line with guidelines for noise reduction from ISO/TR11688-1:1995(E)
Monthly (line item when opening up construction).
Maximum allowable noise levels are 70dB(A)LEQ.
At and around NTDC proposed project site.
Contractor should maintain the accepted standards
Contractor cost
NTDC / NTDC Project Cell will monitor sample activities.
NTDC Cell staff cost
7. Air quality Noise and dust control plan implemented.
Monthly (line item when opening up construction).
Prior to construction. Update monthly.
NTDC proposed project site..
Contractor Contractor cost NTDC and NTDC Cell
NTDC Cell staff cost
8.Soil Contamination Contractors workforce instructed and trained
Monthly (line item when
Prior to constructi
NTDC proposed Contractor Contractor cost NTDC and
NTDC Cell NTDC Cell staff cost
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐34
Environmental concern Performance indicator (PI)
Frequency to monitor
Timing to check
PI
Locations to implement PI
Responsible to
implement PI
Cost of
Implementation
Responsible PI super vision
Cost of Supervision
in handling of chemicals
opening up construction).
on. Update monthly.
project site.
9. Work Camp Location and Operation
1. Use of land agreed with surrounding residents & VILLAGEs. 2. Waste Management Plan implemented. 3 No open burning
Monthly (line item when opening up construction).
Prior to construction. Update monthly.
NTDC proposed project site.
Contractor Contractor cost NTDC and NTDC Cell
NTDC Cell staff cost
10. Safety Precautions for Workers Safety Plan submitted
Once (update monthly as necessary)
One month before construction and update quarterly.
NTDC proposed project site.
Contractor. Contractor cost
NTDC / (ESIC cell to
actively supervise
and enforce.
NTDC Cell staff cost
11. Social Impacts
1. Local labour is used and workforce 2. Local educated people for office work. 3. Complaints on construction nuisance damages close to NTDC proposed project site are responded to promptly by the Contractor.
Monthly (line item when opening up construction).
During construction. Update monthly.
NTDC proposed project site.
Contractor Contractor cost NTDC and NTDC Cell
NTDC Cell staff cost
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐35
Environmental concern Performance indicator (PI)
Frequency to monitor
Timing to check
PI
Locations to implement PI
Responsible to
implement PI
Cost of
Implementation
Responsible PI super vision
Cost of Supervision
4. Quarterly meetings with local VILLAGE for liaison purposes to monitor complaints.
12. Enhancements
Contractor has included for some enhancements in detailed designs Including planting of trees in addition to bioengineering such as in median
Once (update monthly as necessary)
One month before construction and update quarterly.
NTDC proposed project site.
Contractor. Contractor cost
NTDC / (NTDC Cell to actively supervise and enforce.
NTDC Cell staff cost
OPERATIONAL STAGE NTDC Cell staff cost
1. Air Quality 1. Roadworthiness of vehicles on NTDC. 2. Monitor NO2 and PM10 as indicators.
1. Roadworthiness of vehicles on NTDC Daily during operations 2. Yearly intervals for 3 years after opening for reassurance.
During operation.
5 locations on NTDC proposed project site. nearest settlements.
Contractor Contractor cost NTDC / and ESIC Cell
NTDC Cell staff cost
2. crops and vegetation 1. Follow up on Tree Clearance and Compensatory
1) Quarterly 2) Quarterly 3) Quarterly
1) Throughout project
NTDC proposed project site.
Contractor ESIC Cell NTDC MOFSC and NTDC Cell staff cost.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐36
Environmental concern Performance indicator (PI)
Frequency to monitor
Timing to check
PI
Locations to implement PI
Responsible to
implement PI
Cost of
Implementation
Responsible PI super vision
Cost of Supervision
Planting Plan. 2. Records on survival of planted trees. 3. The compensatory planting maintained 4. Audited report by ESIC cell for on site and off-site compensatory planting.
4) Quarterly 2) Each of three years after initial planting. 3) Continuous for three years after project completion 4) For four years after initial clearance of the forest.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐37
8.4.2 Monitoring 8.4.2.1 Effects Monitoring The actual impacts on physical, biological and socio-economic receptor of the project area due to project activities will be monitored. The Effect Monitoring is done to identify any effects either not anticipated in EIA or exceeding the level anticipated in the mitigation plan so that appropriate mitigation measures can be adopted in time. The common theme of Effect Monitoring is the proper management of environmental risks and uncertainties. The Effect monitoring has four Objectives:
To verify that the impact of the proposed project is within acceptable limits, thus establishing credibility.
To facilitate research and development by documenting the effects of the proposed project that can be used to validate impact- predication techniques and provided a basis for more accurate prediction of future impact.
In case of adverse impacts or sudden changes in the anticipated impacts immediately inform the PMU and other regulatory agencies so that the corrective can be taken such as modification of mitigation measures and inclusion of additional measures
To minimize the effects control the timing, location and level of certain project activities
The effect-monitoring plan is given in Table-8.4. Improvement of the detailed methodologies for effect monitoring will be included in Consultants scope of work. The effect monitoring includes the monitoring of land, water, air noise wildlife and socio-economic and cultural aspects. 8.4.2.2 Compliance Monitoring: Compliance with the requirement of EMP will be checked by monitoring the activities of the contractor on daily basis by the environmental specialist of the consultants. The objectives of EIA compliance monitoring will be:
Systematically observe the activities undertaken by the contractor in the civil and mechanical works.
Verify that the activities undertaken are in compliance with the IEE/EIA and other conditions identify by PMU and NTDC
Documents and communicate the observations to the concerned persons in PMU so the corrective action, if required, can be taken timely.
Maintain a record of all incidents of the environmental significance and related action and corrective measures.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐38
Prepare periodic reports of the environmental performance of PMU and its consultant and contractor.
Develop an environmental issue tracking system (format attached as table-8.7) for an effective monitoring and ensuring that all environmental concerns are identified and addressed in a timely manner.
The Mitigation Measures Implementation plan will be used as a management and monitoring tool for compliance monitoring. Inspection will be done using checklists, samples of which are attached at the end of this section 8.4.2.3 Post-Project Monitoring:
The objective of this monitoring will be to determine the level of residual impact of the project on physical, biological and socio-economic receptors of the project area. This monitoring may be carried out within one month of the end of project activities. Post –project monitoring is included in effects monitoring, discussed above. List of indicators: will be used to monitor the environmental performance of the project. The indicators may include the specific measures that must be taken. These are, for example:
• Revision of the EMP annually
• Compilation of all operating documents twice a year
• Closure on SFA before the start of contractor mobilization.
• Timely appointment of all environmental staff by contractor and supervision consultants before the implementation of contract. PMU environmental staff is already appointed
• Mid-term review of the environmental performance of the project 8.4.2.4 Third Party Monitoring / Environmental Audit Annually. The PMU will engage a third party monitor to do the environmental audit annually during the construction period. Three periodic audits will be carried out; one at preconstruction stage, the second will be carried out during the construction and third at post construction stage. The firm’s terms of reference will define a clear work plan, including monitoring indicators, and reporting structures and timelines. The PMU will provide the necessary logistical support to facilitate the selected firm in Environmental audit. The Parameters, frequency, responsibility and mitigation measures for monitoring have been described in Environment Management Plan (EMP) in Table 8.2.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐39
Table 8.4: Monitoring Programme for Tranche 3
Monitoring Parameter Monitoring Locations Frequency Responsibility
DESIGN PHASE
1. Audit project bidding documents to ensure IEE and EMP is included
- Prior to issue of biding documents
NTDC through project implementation unit.
2.
Monitor that the selection process and final alignment selection process and its environmental compliance with EMP
- Prior to NTDC approval of contractor’s detail alignment survey
NTDC with the assistance of and external environmental consultants
3.
Monitor contractor’s detail project design to ensure relevant environmental mitigation measures in EMP have been included
- Prior to NTDC approval of contractor’s detail alignment survey
NTDC with the assistance of project implementation unit
4.
Monitor through implementation of detail environmental guidelines for construction works including procurement management, works and closing operation
- Prior to NTDC approval of contractor’s detail design
NTDC with the assistance of and external environmental consultants
5. Review the mineral, construction materials and waste management
- Prior to NTDC approval of contractor’s detail design
NTDC with the assistance of and external environmental consultants
6. Audit detail design of facilities and installation to ensure standard
- Prior to NTDC approval of contractor’s detail design
NTDC with the assistance of project implementation unit
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Monitoring Parameter
Monitoring Locations Frequency Responsibility
1 Observation of soil erosion
Construction sites, campsites
During routine monitoring PMU
At wells and surface water bodies near grid station and construction campsites
Before mobilization Contractor/PMU
Selected local wells Monthly Contractor/PMU
2
Water quality (Oil & grease, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, TSS, T. Alkalinity, T. Hardness) Selected locations
at nearby surface water bodies
Monthly Contractor/PMU
3 Waste Water (COD, Oil & Grease, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, TDS)
Camp site, offices,colony and construction site of
During & After construction Contractor/PMU
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐40
8.4.3 Reporting Structure and Outcomes 8.4.3.1 Data Recording and Maintenance. All forms to be used for recording information during the environmental monitoring will follow a standard format which will correspond to the data base in to which all the gathered information will be placed. Check boxes will be used as much as possible to facilitate data entry. A tracking system will be developed for each
proposed 500 KV grid station
4 Oil Waste Spills
Oil storage area, vehicle washing lines; any other spill area.
Daily during construction phase
Contractor/PMU
5 Water consumption Construction sites, campsite Daily Contractor/PMU
6 Checks for any damage to water course, groundwater wells
Construction sites During routine monitoring PMU
Construction sites, campsites
Before mobilization Contractor/PMU
7 Ambient air quality Construction sites, campsites
Once every two months Contractor/PMU
Construction sites, campsites
During routine monitoring Contractor/PMU
8 Checks for exhaust emissions Checks for dust emissions
Construction sites, campsites, project roads
During routine monitoring Contractor/PMU
9 Noise At nearby communities
Fortnightly or during the construction activities causing noise.
Contractor/PMU
10 Public concerns At nearby communities
Throughout the field activities. PMU
OPERATIONAL PHASE
1 Compensatory tree planting
Selected sites for plantation of trees
After construction phase NTDC
2 Crops and vegetation Land under the transmission line
During routine maintenance NTDC
3 Social safety Impacts Population along transmission line
During routine maintenance NTDC
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐41
form. A comprehensive system will be established to store the environmental and social data of the project. 8.4.3.2 Storage of information The database may include Training programs; Staff deployment; Non-compliance; Corrective actions; List of environmental data and List of environmental data to be maintained: Soil and land pollution; disposal of excavated silt and earth disposal of waste water resource ;quality quantity fuel oil and chemical spills; vegetation record and record of wildlife :Noise pollution ;Air and dust pollution and Socio-economic data .
8.4.3.3 Meetings. These will include the kick-off meeting, and daily/weekly meetings. The main focus of these meetings will be EMP and RAP compliance, non-compliances, and the measures to be taken to address them. 8.4.3.4 Photographic record. A comprehensive photographic record will be maintained of the key locations and key events of the project. 8.4.3.5 Social complaints register The consultants ‘ environmental team will maintain a social complaint register at camp site office to document all complaints received from the local communities, the register will also record the measures taken to mitigate these concerns. The final report will be communicated to ESS of PMU 8.4.3.6 Change record register: This will be maintained at a site to document any change in the project design. These changes will be handled through the change management mechanism if any. The final report will be communicated to ESS of PMU 8.4.3.7 Reporting Overall, progress reporting will be the responsibility of each contractor who will provide inputs to the Supervision Consultant to be collated and submitted to the ESS of PMU. The Supervision Consultant will be responsible for submitting a monthly, quarterly, annually and final environmental/social report. The Supervision consultant’s monthly progress report will include the following environmental information:
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐42
• Contract-wise breakdown of environmental non-compliances and rectification by the contractor.
• The results of monitoring environmental and social parameters carried out by the contractors.
8.4.4 Communication Strategy
Effective communication between the project agency and its stakeholders helps build trust and collaboration which in turn contributes to better project design and speedy implementation. To this end, stakeholder consultations were conducted during the project design and planning stage and while conducting the EA studies, as discussed in Chapter 6 of this document. The need to continue these consultations and communication with the stakeholders particularly the local communities during the project construction phase cannot be understated, and the success of the project can only be guaranteed by involving all the stakeholders During the construction phase, it is very important to consult and involve stakeholders, on an on-going basis, to ensure liaison and a high degree of transparency among all the policy makers, NTDC/ PMU, contractor, consultants, the farming community and the media. Each of them will be encouraged to provide feedback on the design and implementation processes. Communications Methods The following communication methods will be used as part of the Strategy: a) Involvement of policy makers. PMU will initiate a series of direct
communication measures to inform and involve the policy makers including the concerned Ministers, Members of the National Assembly (MNAs) and Members of the Provincial Assembly (MPAs). This can be achieved by making presentations to them and holding briefing sessions with them on a regular basis. They will be invited to participate in the consultation process to ensure transparency and to gain public support for the project. This will be carried out simultaneously with the mass media campaign.
b) Communication through Numberdars of village and Imam Masjid (Muslim prayer leader). Since Numberdars and Imams are also closely associated with the villagers, the project information can also be disseminated to the communities through them.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐43
c) Communication through media: The print and electronic media are very effective means of mass communication, and have a vast reach among all potential project partners.
8.5. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE This section describes the outcome of the public consultation sessions held with different stakeholders/groups that may be impacted by the project. The consultation process was carried out in accordance with the Asian Development Bank’s Safe Guard Policy Statement (ADB’SPS). The process of the public consultation proceeded as follows: -
Meetings with regional and local officers of NTDC. Semi-structured interaction held with communities near and around the proposed
project site of 220 KV GS sub project. 8.5.1 Meeting with local and regional officials. Phase –1: A series of meetings were held with local and regional officials (See the list of officials contacted in Table 8.5. below)
Table – 8.5: List of Officials Contacted
Sr. No. Officials Contacted Title 1 - Muzaffar Khan – SDO Civil NTDC (Peshawar)
2 - Khalid Mehmood – Manager E&SIC – NTDC
3 - Mr. Tariq – NTDC
4 - Mr. Sajjad NHA
5 Mr. Ahmed WWF –Lahore
6 Ms. Samia Saif Environmental Specialist (ADB)
Meetings with officials provided multiple and diverse objectives such as:
• Provided a forum for the initial definition of critical environmental and social issues.
• Established their interpretation, as official stake-holders, the key sector development issues and linkages to the environmental and social development.
• Facilitation of Field Work.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐44
8.5.2 Meeting with Local Communities Phase –2: Involved the undertaking of a programme of semi-structured discussion with communities in the project area of influence. This programme included both community discussion and discussion with women (through women organizers). 8.6. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING PLAN An environmental and social trainings and technical assistance (TA) program will help to ensure that the requirements of the ESIA, EMP and RAP are clearly understood and followed by all project personnel. The primary responsibility of providing these trainings to all project personnel will be that of the contractor and Supervision Consultants. The trainings will be provided to different professional groups separately such as managers, skilled personnel, unskilled labors, and camp staff. 8.7. CHANGE MANAGEMENT An environmental assessment of the proposed project has been made during the preparation of EIA. However it is possible that change in project design or during /execution may be required when the project is implemented. This section describes the mechanism to handle Changes that might affect the project environmental impact. In this regard the following actions will be taken:
Bidding between PMU, contractor and consultants representatives. Based on the discussion during the meeting a change report will be produced
collectively which will include the additional EMP clauses. A copy of the report will be sent to the head offices of PMU, the Contractor and
the Consultants. All relevant project personnel will be informed of the additions. These additions
will be reported in the Consultants monthly environmental reports. Midterm review of the EMP to review any changes that might affect the project
environmental impact. 8.8. ESTIMATED COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT The total cost of the environmental management of the proposed project is about 2,000,000.oo Pak. Rupees. This includes the cost of environmental third –party monitoring and implementation of mitigation measure. Cost estimates of mitigation and other environmental management measures are summarized in Table – 8.6.
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐45
Table 8.6: Cost Estimates for Environmental Management
Sr. # Item Rs.
1 Waste Water testing 50000.oo (1) 2 Vehicular Emission testing 50000.oo
(quarterly) 3 Purchase of PPEs 200000.oo 4 Maintenance of equipment 100000.oo 5 Air Quality 500000.oo (1) 6 Water Sprinkling 100000.oo 7 Waste Disposal 200000.oo 8 Waste Water Treatment 250000.oo 9 Environment Audit 500000.oo (1) 10 EHS Training 50000.oo TOTAL 2000000.oo
Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 kV Sub station Mansehra IEE Report
8‐46
Table 8.7 : Environmental Issues Tracking Report
Tracking No.
Log Date
Source Location Issue Action Required
Responsibility Target date
Completion Status
T Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 KV Grid station Mansehra IEE Report
9. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 9.1 GENERAL
The stakeholder or affected people’s concerns, complaints and grievances about the
project environmental performance will be received recorded and replied in a
systematic way using an understandable and transparent process that is gender
responsive, culturally appropriate and readily accessible to all segments of the
affected people at no cost and without retribution.
9.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT
9.2.1 Management Responsibilities
Overall responsibility for environmental management will rest on PMU of the NTDC
i. The Executing Agency: PMU of NTDC
ii. Supervising and Monitoring: Environmental Unit of PMU. Agency
iii. General Assistance to all: Head PMU/The Project Director, INTDC above
agencies in their Department will facilitate communications, respective tasks
logistics and data collection as and when required.
iv. Logistic Support: Head PMU/The Project Director, NTDC shall provide the
logistic support and shall be the focal point for the construction activity.
(i) Project Management Unit (PMU)
The overall responsibility for the implementation of Environmental
management/Monitoring Plan rests with the Project Management Unit (PMU) along
with the assistance of Environmental Unit (EU) of PMU. The EU consists of Manager
Environment & Sociology, Deputy Manager Environment and Assistant manager for
environment & Sociology.
PMU will assume overall responsibility for ensuring:
That while executing the contract and undertaking the construction all environmental
norms, regulations and requirements promulgated by Pakistan Environmental
Protection Council (PEPC), Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA),
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Punjab and environmental safeguard
9-1
T Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 KV Grid station Mansehra IEE Report
policies of Asian Development Bank , with respect to the work site and adjacent
areas are fully respected and implemented. Overall responsibility for implementation
of EMP. Ensure that Contractor and Construction Supervision Consultants appoint a
dedicated environmental officer and allied staff. PMU will also ensure that all
environmental personnel are authorized to implement the socio- environmental
policies and requirements of the EMP. Coordinate with relevant government
departments and stakeholders on concerned socio-environmental issues. Inspect
and monitor residual impacts of the construction work and observe documentation of
the impacts during the construction phase. Inspect the significance of impact in case
of unanticipated change in the project. Construction Supervision Consultants will
assist and advise PMU in implementation of EMP. Inspect and monitor residual
impacts of the rehabilitation work and observe documentation of the impacts during
the construction phase. Inspect the significance of impact in case of unanticipated
change in the project. Construction Supervision Consultants will assist and advise
PMU in implementation of EMP.
(ii) Environment Unit (EU) of PMU
The Environmental Unit (EU) within PMU will monitor Project performance.
The EU will function in coordination with the Construction Supervision
Consultants and will receive reports from them on behalf of PMU.
EU will prepare and submit biannual Environmental Monitoring Reports to ADB.
(iii) Head PMU/General Manager
The General Manager shall provide or arrange the logistics including communication,
transport and accommodation to all visiting persons/teams experts from any of the
above monitoring units and shall coordinate with the contractor(s) to facilitate the
visits/inspections.
(iv) Contractor
The contractor will be responsible for implementation of the project EMP. The
contractor will ensure that EMP for the project is implemented fully and must be
integrated into the Project implementation and made integral part of the contract
document. For any default damages so caused will be remediated by the contractor
9-2
T Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 KV Grid station Mansehra IEE Report
at his own cost and expenses. In case the contractor fails to rectify the damage the
employer will remediate at the risk and cost of the contractor. The amount will be
determined by the Construction Supervision Consultants which will be adjusted from
amount due to the contractor. The contractor will also be responsible for
communicating with and training of his staff in environmental aspects and
implementation of the EMP. The contractor will develop and get approved Health,
Safety & Environment (HSE) Plan from Construction Supervision Consultants before
the commencement of the Physical works on site.
(v) Construction Supervision Consultants
The construction supervision consultants will be responsible to ensure quality of work
and fulfillment of contractual obligations. Environmental Specialist of the construction
supervision consultants will ensure that all the environmental and social provisions
comply with the applicable standards. He/She will confirm that the day-to-day
construction activities are carried out in environment friendly manner and periodic
environmental training programs and workshops are organized for the consultant’s
and contractor’s staff. It would be responsibility of the Construction Supervision
Consultant to submit monthly environmental monitoring report to PMU
Project Organizational Structure The organizational structure for the environment management / monitoring
implementation is given in fig 8.2
9-3
T Power Transmission Enhancement Multitranche Financing Facility – Tranche 3 220 KV Grid station Mansehra IEE Report
9.3 ENVIRONMENT & SOCIAL COMPLAINTS REGISTER
The consultant’s environmental team will maintain an environment & social complaint
register at camp site office to document all complaints received from the local
communities. The register will also record the measures taken to mitigate these
concerns. The final report will be communicated to Environmental section of PMU.
The Project Monitoring team shall carry out the monitoring of the implementation of
social and environmental mitigation measures as per ADB Safeguard Policy
Statement. The details of Grievance Redress Mechanism related with social issues
of the project are provided in the RAP.
Table 9.1 Grievance Resolution Process
Land / Crop Compensation Issues Project / Other Items Compensation Issues
Complaint resolution will be attempted
at office of SDO. If still unsettled, a
grievance will be lodged to the Head
PMU/NTDC. He will redress in 10
days.
Complaint resolution will be attempted at
village level through GRC* in one week. If still
unsettled, a grievance can be referred to court
of law.
d) Coordination Initiatives
The various agencies identified above need to be coordinated carefully so as
to obtain effective, smooth and timely reply to all the non-compliance.
Complaints & Grievances will be addressed through three different processes
as described in Table 9.1 above:
*Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) consisting on concern SDO and Manager
Environment & Social safeguard.
9-4