Download - Information Systems types
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Lecture 3
Information Systems types
Chaffey, chapter 6 (not from the beginning, p237- 277)
Bob Ritchie, see 12 week schedule
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Agenda
• What is BIS?
• Types of systems: TPS, DSS, EIS, OAS
• Brief history…
• Discussions about Test 1
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Definition of BIS• “A business information system is a group
of interrelated components that work collectively to carry out input, processing, output, storage and control actions in order to convert data into information products that can be used to support forecasting, planning, control, coordination, decision making and operational activities in an organisation ” – Chaffey, p43
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Types of systems
office automation systems (OAS)
communication systems (Comms)
transaction processing systems (TPS)
management information systems (MIS)
executive information systems (EIS)
decision support systems (DSS)
groupware systems
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The hierarchical pyramid
Strategic
Tactical
Operational
Senior Management
Middle Management
“ShopFloor”
EIS
DSS
TPS/PCS
OAS
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Strategic
Tactical
Operational
Strategic Planning
Budgetary controlSales analysis
Production policyCapacity planning
Payroll InventorySales Ledger
Production and Delivery control
Levels of systems use
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• The use of Executive Information Systems, video film
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Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
• Support tools for all tasks involved in day-to day running of the business
• Manage the frequent external and internal transactions such as:–Orders for products and services –Supply and delivery of goods to
customers–Payment for goods or services
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TPS• Vital to organisations
–If it fails it becomes apparent to the customers
• Main components: –Data entry: keyed in to data entry
forms, or a bar code reader–Storage and retrieval: database–Reports–Queries.
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TPS
• Two main types of Transaction systems:
–Batch systems
–Real time systems
• Batch systems: data is processed overnight
• Real time systems process data immediately
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Reading:
• Sainsbury’s TPS case study
• Chaffey, page 240, chapter 6
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Office automation systems (OAS)
• General purpose software that provides administrative support tools
• Word Processing
• Spreadsheets
• Databases
• Presentation tools
• Desktop and web-publishing tools
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3 critical roles for OAS
• Chaffey, chapter 6
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Decision Support Systems (DSS)Provide information and models to facilitate
tactical decision makingInvolve structured, semi-structured and
unstructured decisionsExamples: share dealing and investment Market analysisBudgeting exercises: linking of sales and
production budgets and modelling of the effect on short term cash flow and long term profitability
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• An Excel Spreadsheet as an example of a DSS
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DSS’s componentsDialogue
Interaction with a userSimplicity and flexibility
DataWide range of sources
ModelE.g. financial model can predict the
future profitability for given inputs
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DSSAnalysis Techniques:
What-if? Analysis
Sensitivity Analysis
Goal-seeking analysis
Optimisation analysis and simulation
Data mining
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Executive Information Systems (EIS)
Tools for senior managementSupports strategic decision making (long-
term plans)Linked to operational systems, external
databases and data warehousesCan involve aspects of ‘expert systems’Presentation of summarised data &
information in graphical format
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Data Warehouses, Data mining!• You are to take notes here
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Brief history• Prior to 1965 it was very expensive to build
large scale IS• Late 1960s- early development of DSS• 1970s – theory development• Early and mid 1980s – implementation of
financial planning systems and group DSS• 1981 – first international conference on DSS
in Atlanta, Gergia• 1978 – early development of EIS• 1990 – data warehousing and On-line
Analytical Processing (OLAP)
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TEST 1- What?? When? Where?
• Date: • Time: • Venue:
– See assessment schedule
• DURATION 1hour & 15 min!!!• What is covered??• - • -
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How to prepare best???• Do NOT just passively read Chaffey…
• MAKE NOTES: mental maps, etc
• Jot down questions before you start reading – “read with an agenda in mind”
• Create a question bank (individually)– lots of short & sharp questions (then compare with your group mates)
• Practice writing down answers to those questions
• Pay attention to all practical exercises done in tutorials