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Information for the Flexible Pedestrian Legform Impactor
(Flex-PLI)
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Government of Japan
(J-MLIT)
Informal Document No. GRSP-36-2(36th GRSP, 7-10 December 2004, agenda item A.1.)
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Construction
Thigh(RIGID)
Leg (RIGID)
Damper
KneeJoint
(Steel KneeBending Plate)
TRL-LFI Flex-PLI 2003
Thigh(FLEXIBLE)
Leg (FLEXIBLE)
Knee Joint*(ligament restraint
system)
Biofidelity Evaluation
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Deflection (mm)
Mom
ent
(Nm
)
Corridor Lower
Corridor Upper
Corridor Avg.
FlexPLI 2003R Avg.
UVA Mid-Thigh Dynamic Bending Corridor
DDV/DCV Rating0.30 0 to 1 Excellent
1 to 2 Good2 to 3 Moderateover 3 Poor
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 10 20 30 40 50
Deflection (mm)
Mom
ent (
Nm
)
Corridor Lower
Corridor Upper
Corridor Avg.
FlexPLI 2003R Avg.
UVA Mid-Leg Dynamic Bending Corridor
DDV/DCV Rating0.33 0 to 1 Excellent
1 to 2 Good2 to 3 Moderateover 3 Poor
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Angle (deg.)
Mo
me
nt
(Nm
)
Corridor Lower
Corridor Upper
Corridor Avg.
FlexPLI 2003R Avg.
UVA Knee Dynamic Bending Corridor
RatingDDV/DCV 0 to 1 Excellent
1.27 1 to 2 Good2 to 3 Moderateover 3 Poor
Flex-PLI has higher biofidelic construction than the TRL-LFI
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Kinematics
Flex-PLI Human FE-Model (THUMS)
TRL-LFI FE-Model of TRL-LFI
JASIC 2003 Report
Flex-PLI can simulate human lower extremity bending motion properly.
Knee bending only
Over all lower extremity bending motion is observed.
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Measurement System
for Knee ligamentsinjury assessment
(Angle, Disp.)
for Leg injuryassessment
(Acc.)
Knee Shearing(displacement)
Knee Bending(angle)
Leg 0(acceleration)
TRL-LFI
Knee Joint
65 mm
Impact
for Leg Injury assessment
(strain)
for Knee ligamentsinjury assessment
(Elongation)PCL (elongation)
MCL (elongation)
ACL (elongation)
LCL (elongation)
Flex-PLI 2003
Leg 1 (strain)
Leg 2 (strain)
Leg 3(strain)
Leg 4(strain)
Leg 5 (strain)
Thigh 1 (strain)
Thigh 2 (strain)
Thigh 3 (strain)
Thigh 4 (strain)
Knee Joint
92 mm
172 mm
252 mm
332 mm
93 mm
173 mm
253 mm
333 mm
413 mm
Lateral and Medial Condyle (force)
Impact
Flex-PLI has higher injury assessment ability than the TRL-LFI
no measurement(cannot detect injury)
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Discussion
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Flex-PLI
TRL-LFI
Knee bending only
Over all lower extremity bending motion is observed.
Biofidelity IssueTRL-LFI has a high possibility to mislead the protection way for the pedestrian lower extremity, since it cannot simulate the human lower extremity motion properly.
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Measurement System Issue
TRL-LFI has a high possibility to mislead the protection way for the pedestrian lower extremity, since it doesn’t have a measurement system for the injury assessment of the lower part of the leg.
for Knee ligamentsinjury assessment
(Angle, Disp.)
for Leg injuryassessment
(Acc.)
Knee Shearing(displacement)
Knee Bending(angle)
Leg 0(acceleration)
TRL-LFI
Knee Joint
65 mm
Impact
TRL-LF cannot detect the lower part of the leg severity
no measurement(cannot detect injury)
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Conclusions
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• Flex-PLI has high biofidelity higher injury assessment ability than the TRL-LFI
• J-MLIT recommends to utilize the Flex-PLI as a tool for GTR/PS legform test.
• However, because of the lack of experience in using the Flex-PLI as a certification tool, a further confirmation process is needed.
Conclusions
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Thank you for your attention!