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Incorporating Gender-Sensitive Traits in Breeding Programs
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Joint traits • Marketability,
color, size, price• Earliness• Yield • Taste• Cooking time• Uniform maturity• Storability• Nutritional value
Women’s traits• Drought
tolerance • Disease
resistance
Men’s traits
Gender-discriminated Traits(2015, Uganda and W. Kenya)
UGA
NDA
• Grain color • Grain size• Intercropping• Plant arquitecture• Palatable leaves
• Resistance to biotic stresses
• Resistance to poor soil
• Early maturity
W.
KEN
YA
How to set priorities
and maintain a gender focus when
everything is equal?
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Gender roles in bean production and marketing, Uganda
Women dominated most bean production activities and also made most decisions in bean production and marketing.
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The Value of Short Cooking time• Industrial processing: – Women could save 9 hours per week with pre-cooked
beans
• For home cooking: – Part of this time could be recovered with fast cooking
beans….maybe 4 or 5 hours per week
• If breeders had this sort of data on the impact of gender, they would adopt “gender traits” more readily
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Incorporating Cooking Time
• Conceptual obstacles?– “We breed for productivity”
• Infrastructural limitations– Breeders work with dozens or hundreds of lines– How to quantify and scale up cooking time?
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Breeding for Processing Traits is not New
Ugandan Bean Lines
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The Matteson Bean Cooker• Long established
laboratory method
• Very slow – 1 sample takes 30 minutes to 2 hours
• Requires automation
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Automation for Scaling up the Phenotyping
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Nutrition: Gender or Biology? • Women have different nutritional needs – Iron requirements
• Biofortification seeks to address these needs with a trait (high iron) for which women may never express preference
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Hb, g/L Ferritin, µg/L sTfR, mg/L Body Iron, mg/kg
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
Low Iron
High Iron
ns
p=0.059
P<0.001
p=0.011
Effects of Biofortified Beans on Iron status of Young Women
Chan
ge in
Iron
Sta
tus
LS M
eans
bas
elin
e to
4.5
mon
ths
DRAFT-NO NOT CITE OR REPRODUCE
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Nutrition: Gender or Biology?
Care-givers
Community / Family Nutrition
Specific Nutritional Needs
Women Children
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Even if Nutrition is not the same as Gender…
• …it can be a priority area for interaction, and in support of breeding and adoption
• For example, Orange fleshed sweet potatoes– Visibly VERY different
• Through nutritional education, mothers became convinced that for the benefit of their children, OFSP were worth the change
• This is where gender research can intersect productively with biofortification and breeding
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Conclusions• We would benefit from broader information on how general a
given preference is, especially in a dynamic environment – (not unlike an agronomic trait)
• Beyond lists of gender preferences, understanding the impact of traits with gender implications would encourage breeders to engage
• Breeding for gender traits like cooking time? Where there’s a will, there’s a way (usually)
• Nutrition? Where are the productive points of contact with breeding for nutritional value?
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• Asante sana